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Camp Ashcan

Coordinates: 49°30′18″N 6°16′48″E / 49.5050°N 6.2800°E / 49.5050; 6.2800
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The "class of 45": Prisoners of Ashcan posing for a group photo in August 1945. In the center of the bottom row, Hermann Göring.

Central Continental Prisoner of War Enclosure No. 32, code-named Ashcan, was an Allied prisoner-of-war camp in the Palace Hotel of Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg during World War II. Operating from May to August 1945, it served as a processing station and interrogation center for the 86 most prominent surviving Nazi leaders prior to their trial in Nuremberg, including Hermann Göring and Karl Dönitz.

A British counterpart of Ashcan, Camp Dustbin in Castle Kransberg near Frankfurt am Main, housed prisoners of a more technical inclination including Albert Speer and Wernher von Braun.

History

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The Palace Hotel before the war.

The camp was established by order of Allied Command.[1] It was commanded by U.S. Army Col. Burton C. Andrus, and staffed by men of the U.S. 391st Anti-Aircraft Battalion,[2] Allied intelligence services and 42 German prisoners of war selected for their skills, including a barber, dentist, doctor and even a hotel manager.[3]

The place selected for the camp was the Palace Hotel, a four-story luxury hotel dominating the small spa town, which had earlier in 1945 been used as a billet for U.S. troops.[1] The hotel was transformed into a high-security area with a 15-foot (4.6 m) high electrified barbed wire fence, guard towers with machine guns and klieg lights.[4] Security was so tight that even the MPs guarding the perimeter knew not what went on inside; they quipped that getting in required "a pass signed by God, and then somebody has to verify the signature".[2] Conditions in the prison were spartan. The hotel furniture was replaced by Army cots and collapsible tables.[3]

On 10 August 1945, the prisoners were transferred to Nuremberg to stand trial, and the camp was disbanded shortly afterwards. The building continued to serve as a hotel until 1988, when it was demolished to make way for a more modern spa.

Prisoners

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Prisoners at Ashcan included most of the defendants in the Nuremberg Trials along with many other senior Nazi Party, government and military officials.

Nuremberg trials defendants

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The following were brought to trial by the International Military Tribunal at the Nuremberg trials of November 1945 to October 1946.

Subsequent Nuremberg trials defendants

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The following were brought to trial in the subsequent Nuremberg trials between December 1946 and October 1948.

Others

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Other prisoners included:

Footnotes

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  1. ^ a b Dolibois, 86.
  2. ^ a b Dolibois, 85.
  3. ^ a b Dolibois, 87.
  4. ^ Dolibois, 84.

References

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  • Dolibois, John E. (2001). Pattern of Circles: An Ambassador's Story. Kent State University Press. ISBN 9780873387026.
  • Galbraith, John Kenneth (22 October 1945). "The "Cure" at Mondorf Spa". Life. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  • Goda, Norman J. W. (2007). Tales from Spandau: Nazi criminals and the Cold War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521867207.
  • Schnee, Philipp (28 October 2009). "Hotel der Kriegsverbrecher". einestages (in German). Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  • Jacobsen, Annie (2014). Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America. Little, Brown & Company. ISBN 978-0316221047.
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49°30′18″N 6°16′48″E / 49.5050°N 6.2800°E / 49.5050; 6.2800

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