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Cabinet of Gustavo Petro

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Petro Cabinet

Cabinet of Colombia
2022–present
Cabinet of President Gustavo Petro in August 2023
Date formed7 August 2022 (2022-08-07)
People and organisations
PresidentGustavo Petro
President's history2022–present
Vice PresidentFrancia Márquez
No. of ministers23 (incl. Cabinet-level members)
Member parties
  •   Historic Pact
  •   Liberal Party
  •   Green Party
  •   ASI
  •   AICO
  •   MAIS
Status in legislatureCoalition government
Opposition parties
History
Election2022 Colombian presidential election
Legislature term9th Congress of Colombia
Advice and consentSenate
PredecessorCabinet of Iván Duque

Gustavo Petro assumed office as President of Colombia on August 7, 2022. The President has the power to nominate members of his Cabinet at his own discretion, in accordance with the Constitution of Colombia.

After the confirmation and ratification of the ruling coalition, along with the other Majority Parties in Congress, the presidents of the three respective Conservative, Liberal and U parties met to obtain cabinet representation through one, two or three departments executives. The creation of the Cabinet was part of the transition of power after the 2022 Colombian presidential elections.

As a result of the political alliance between Petro and the other majority parties, the ministers of Justice and Law Néstor Osuna and Catalina Velasco of Housing, City and Territory were confirmed as political representatives of the Liberal Party, this after Petro did not accept the curriculum of other people suggested by the party who In their opinion, they did not meet the requirements for the post, so the Liberals considered withdrawing from the government, but a meeting between the two ministers with parliamentarians and party president César Gaviria consolidated support.[1]

The Minister of Transport Guillermo Reyes is the representation in the cabinet of the Conservative Party, as confirmed by Minister Reyes himself in several interviews.[2] For her part, the Minister of Information Technology and Communications, Sandra Urrutia, is the representation in the cabinet of the Party of the U, as confirmed by different media.

In addition to the 6 heads of executive departments and the 5 members attached to the Administrative Department of the presidency, there are eleven cabinet-level officials.

This page documents the confirmation process for cabinet candidates in the Gustavo Petro administration. They are listed according to the order of precedence of Colombia.[3][4][5][6][7]

Cabinet

[edit]

Cabinet of President Gustavo Petro
  Elected to office – all other cabinet members serve at the pleasure of the president
  Serving in an acting capacity (one at present)
Office
Date announced / confirmed
Designee Office
Date announced / confirmed
Designee
Vice President
Announced 23 March 2022[8]
Elected 19 June 2022

Assumed office 7 August 2022

Environment Activist
Francia Márquez
of Cauca

Minister of the Interior
Announced 26 April 2022
Assumed office 1 May 2023


Counselor for the Regions of the Presidency
Luis Fernando Velasco
of Cauca

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Announced 25 June 2022[9]
Assumed office 7 August 2022


Member of the Constituent Assembly
Álvaro Leyva
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Finance and Public Credit
Announced 26 April 2023[10]
Assumed office 1 May 2023


President of the Territorial Development Financial Bank
Ricardo Bonilla
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Justice and Law
Announced 20 June 2022[11]
Assumed office 7 August 2022


Magistrate of the Superior Council of Judicature
Néstor Osuna
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of National Defence
Announced 20 June 2022[12]
Assumed office 7 August 2022


Head of the International Commission
Iván Velásquez
of Antioquia

Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
Announced 26 April 2023[13]
Assumed office 1 May 2023


Lawyer
Jhenifer Mojica
of Santander

Minister of Health and Social Protection
Announced 26 April 2023[14]
Assumed office 1 May 2023


Mayor of Ibague
Guillermo Jaramillo
of Tolima

Minister of Labour
Announced 20 June 2022[15]Assumed office 11 August 2022


Senator of Colombia
Gloria Ramírez
of Caldas

Minister of Mines and Energy
Announced 24 July 2023[16]Assumed office 4 August 2023[17]


Electrical engineer and Physicist
Andrés Camacho
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism
Announced 20 June 2022[15]Assumed office 11 August 2022


Deputy Rector of the National University
Germán Umaña
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of National Education
Announced 27 February 2023[18]Assumed office 27 February 2023


Deputy Minister of Higher Education
Aurora Vergara
of Cauca Valley

Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development
Announced 20 June 2022[15]Assumed office 11 August 2022


Councilor of Bogotá
Susana Muhamad
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Housing, City and Territory
Announced 20 June 2022[15]Assumed office 11 August 2022


Secretary of Habitat of Bogotá
Catalina Velasco
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Information Technologies and Communications
Announced 26 April 2023
Assumed office 1 May 2023


Director of the DAPR
Mauricio Lizcano
of Antioquia

Minister of Transport
Announced 26 April 2023[19]
Assumed office 1 May 2023


President of the ANI
William Camargo
of Boyacá

Minister of Culture
Announced 2 August 2023[20] Assumed office 13 August 2023


Literary man, writer, journalist and editor
Juan David Correa
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Sports
Announced 27 February 2023[18]Assumed office 27 February 2023


Degree in Physical Education
Astrid Rodríguez
of Bogotá, D.C.

Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation
Announced 26 April 2023
Assumed office 1 May 2023[21]


Academic and Anthropologist
Yesenia Olaya
of Nariño

Minister of Equality and Equity
Announced 7 August 2022
Assumed office 1 July 2023


Environment Activist
Francia Márquez
of Cauca

Cabinet-level officials

[edit]
Office

Date announced / confirmed

Designee Office

Date announced / confirmed

Designee

Chief of Staff of the Presidency
Announced 20 June 2022 [22]Assumed office 7 August 2022


Laura Sarabia
of Bogotá, D.C.

Director of the DAPR
Announced 26 April 2023
Assumed office 1 May 2023


Carlos Ramón González
of Santander

Director of the DPN
Announced 20 July 2022
[15][23]Assumed office 24 August 2022


Jorge Iván González
of Bogotá, D.C.

Director of the DAFP
Announced 20 July 2022
Assumed office 24 August 2022


César Augusto Manrique
of Bogotá, D.C.

Director of the DAPS
Announced 20 July 2022[24]
Assumed office 24 August 2022


Cielo Rusinque
of Bogotá, D.C.

Director of the DNI
Announced 20 July 2022
Assumed office 24 August 2022


Manuel Casanova
of Bogotá, D.C.

Director of the DANE
Announced 20 July 2022
Assumed office 24 August 2022


Piedad Urduola
of Bogotá, D.C.

Elected officials

[edit]

President

[edit]

On 4 May 2022, it was announced that leftist leader Gustavo Petro had defeated incumbent Anti-Corruption candidate Rodolfo Hernandez in the 2022 presidential election. Gustavo Petro received 11,292,758 million electoral votes compared to 10, 604,656 million electoral votes for Hernandez, with more than 10 million needed to win the presidency. He took office on 7 August 2022.

President of Colombia
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Gustavo Petro April 16, 1960
(age 64)
[25]

Vice President

[edit]

On March 13, 2022, after the result of the primaries, in which Márquez came out with the second highest vote behind Gustavo Petro, she would be announced on March 23 as Gusavo Petro's running mate.

President of Colombia
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Francia Márquez December 1, 1981
(age 42)
[26][27][28]

Nominated candidates for Cabinet positions

[edit]

The following cabinet positions are listed in order of their creation (also used as the basis for the Colombian presidential line of succession).

Minister of the Interior

[edit]

Alfonso Prada

[edit]

He was presented on April 6, 2022, as head of the debate for the presidential candidate for the Historic Pact, Gustavo Petro, later he would be announced on June 20, as Minister of the Interior, assuming office on August 7, 2022

Minister of the Interior
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Alfonso Prada June 10, 1963
(age 61)
[29][15]

Luis Fernando Velasco

[edit]

Among the changes made in the cabinet, Velasco was announced as the replacement of Alfonso Prada as Minister of the Interior on April 26, 2023 in an official press release.[30][31]

Minister of the Interior
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Luis Fernando Velasco October 18, 1964
(age 60)
[32][33]

Juan Fernando Cristo

[edit]

On July 3, 2024, Petro carried out his fourth change in the administration, announcing Juan Fernando Cristo as the new Minister of the Interior.[34][35]

Minister of the Interior
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Juan Fernando Cristo July 11, 1964
(age 60)
[36][37]

Minister of Foreign Affairs

[edit]

Álvaro Leyva

[edit]

On July 25, 2022, Álvaro Leyva was announced as the new Minister of Foreign Affairs, who had previously served as a peace negotiator with insurgent groups.[38]

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Álvaro Leyva August 26, 1942
(age 82)

Luis Gilberto Murillo

[edit]

In January 2024 due to a three-month suspension imposed by the Supreme Court of Justice on the Álvaro Leyva as Minister of Foreign Affairs Murillo would serve as Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs.[39][40]

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Luis Gilberto Murillo January 1, 1967
(age 57)

Minister of Finance and Public Credit

[edit]

José Antonio Ocampo

[edit]

On July 25, 2022, the President-elect appoints several of his future Ministers, including José Antonio Ocampo, who had already served as Minister of Finance and Public Credit, during the administration of Ernesto Samper.

Minister of Finance and Public Credit
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
José Antonio Ocampo December 20, 1952
(age 71)
[41]

Ricardo Bonilla

[edit]

Among the changes made to the cabinet, Bonilla was announced as the replacement for José Antonio Ocampo as Minister of Finance and Public Credit on April 26, 2023 in an official press release.[42][43]

Minister of Finance and Public Credit
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Ricardo Bonilla [44]

Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development

[edit]

Cecilia López

[edit]

On July 25, 2022, the President-elect appoints several of his future Ministers, including Cecilia López, who had already served as Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, during the administration of Ernesto Samper.

Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Cecilia López April 18, 1943
(age 81)
[15]

Jhénifer Mojica

[edit]
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Jhénifer Mojica [45][46]

Minister of Health and Social Protection

[edit]

Carolina Corcho

[edit]
Minister of Health and Social Protection
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Carolina Corcho April 13, 1983
(age 41)
[47][48]

Guillermo Jaramillo

[edit]
Minister of Health and Social Protection
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Guillermo Jaramillo June 25, 1950
(age 74)
[49]

Minister of Information Technologies and Communications

[edit]

Sandra Urrutia

[edit]
Minister of Information Technologies and Communications
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Sandra Urrutia September 20, 1978
46)
[15]

Mauricio Lizcano

[edit]
Minister of Information Technologies and Communications
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Mauricio Lizcano August 12, 1976
(age 48)
[50]

Minister of Transport

[edit]

Guillermo Reyes

[edit]
Minister of Transport
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Guillermo Reyes October 26, 1965
59
[51]

William Camargo

[edit]
Minister of Transport
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
William Camargo [52]

Minister of Culture

[edit]

Patricia Ariza

[edit]
Minister of Culture
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Patricia Ariza January 27, 1946
(age 78)
[53]

Jorge Ignacio Zorro

[edit]
Minister of Culture
Portrait Name Date of birth Background Reference
Jorge Ignacio Zorro February 27, 1946
(age 78)
[54]

Nominated candidates for Cabinet-level positions

[edit]

Cabinet-level officials hold positions that are considered cabinet-level, but are not heads of executive departments. The exact positions that are considered Cabinet-level vary with each president. In 2019 it was raised to seven positions at the cabinet level with the creation of the Chief of Staff being the most important position at the cabinet level and the third most important at the Government level.

Chief of Staff

[edit]

The chief of staff is traditionally the highest-ranking employee of the Casa de Nariño. The chief of staff's responsibilities are both management and advisory on the president's official affairs. The chief of staff is appointed by the president and serves at his discretion. The third member appointed to a cabinet or cabinet-level position announced by Petro was the chief of staff of the presidency, Laura Sarabia.[55] She resigned in June 2023, being nominated Cielo Rusinque, who would later fail to take office.[56]

Chief of Staff
Portrait Name Date of birth Years Background Reference
Laura Sarabia March 20, 1994
(age 30)
August 7, 2022 –
June 2, 2023
[57]

General Director of the DAPRE

[edit]

It is the second most important position at the cabinet level, being the director of the agency in charge of the office of the president founded in 1956.

Mauricio Lizcano

[edit]
  • Taking office on August 7, 2022, he would later resign by May 2023 to take office as minister.[58]
General Director of DAPRE
Portrait Name Date of birth Years Background Reference
Mauricio Lizcano August 12, 1976
(age 48)
August 7, 2022 –
May 1, 2023
[59]

Carlos Ramón González

[edit]
  • Was announced on May 1, 2023 and assumed office on April 26, 2022 and resigned on February 23, 2024, to take over as General Director of the DNI.
General Director of DAPRE
Portrait Name Date of birth Years Background Reference
Carlos Ramón González November 11, 1958
(age 65)
April 26, 2022 –
February 23, 2024
[60]

Laura Sarabia

[edit]
  • Was announced on February 19, 2024 and assumed office on February 23, 2024.
General Director of DAPRE
Portrait Name Date of birth Years Background Reference
Laura Sarabia March 20, 1994
(age 30)
August 7, 2022 –
Present
[61]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "César Gaviria y la bancada del Partido Liberal se reunieron con los ministros de Vivienda y Justicia, de qué hablaron". 10 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  2. ^ Restrepo, María José (8 August 2022). "Los ministerios del partido liberal, conservador y la u en el gobierno Petro". lasillavacia.com. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Former rebel Gustavo Petro is sworn in as Colombia's first leftist president". NBC News. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  4. ^ Turkewitz, Julie (19 June 2022). "Colombia Live Updates: Gustavo Petro Elected the First Leftist President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  5. ^ "Leftist Gustavo Petro wins Colombian presidency". Financial Times. 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  6. ^ Bocanegra, Nelson; Griffin, Oliver; Vargas, Carlos (19 June 2022). "Colombia elects former guerrilla Petro as first leftist president". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Gustavo Petro, el primer presidente de izquierda en Colombia". 2022.
  8. ^ "Francia Márquez será la fórmula vicepresidencial de Gustavo Petro". semana.com. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  9. ^ "Colombia: Petro designa como canciller al exnegociador de paz Álvaro Leyva Durán". dw.com. 28 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  10. ^ Salazar Sierra, Carolina (26 April 2023). "Ricardo Bonilla reemplazará a José Antonio Ocampo en MinHacienda". larepublica.co. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  11. ^ "¿Quién es Néstor Osuna, el nuevo ministro de Justicia?". elespectador.com. 7 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  12. ^ "Colombia President-elect Petro names Ivan Velasquez as defense minister". reuters.com. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  13. ^ "Jhenifer Mojica, la nueva ministra de Agricultura tras la salida de Cecilia López". semana.com. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  14. ^ "¿Quién es Guillermo Alfonso Jaramillo, el nuevo ministro de Salud que llega a tratar de salvar la reforma?". elcolombiano.com. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h "¿Quiénes son los ministros del Gobierno de Gustavo Petro? Este es su gabinete". CCN Spanish. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  16. ^ Benito, Luis (24 July 2023). "Él es Omar Andrés Camacho Morales, el nuevo ministro de Minas y Energía del Gobierno Petro". infobae.com. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  17. ^ "Omar Andrés Camacho se posesiona como nuevo ministro de Minas y Energía". elheraldo.co. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Colombia cabinet shuffle, health reform cause markets to wobble". Reuters. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  19. ^ Ospina, Alejandra (27 April 2023). "William Camargo:este es el perfil del nuevo Ministro de Transporte". motor.com.co. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  20. ^ "Gustavo Petro nombró a Juan David Correa como nuevo ministro de Cultura". elespectador.com. 2 August 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  21. ^ "Presidente Petro posesiona a sus nuevos ministros: estos son los nuevos rostros que llegan al Gobierno". elpais.com.co. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Petro nombró al director del Dapre y a la jefa del gabinete de la Presidencia: ¿quiénes son?". elpais.com.co. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  23. ^ "Jorge Iván González se posesionó como nuevo director del DNP del Gobierno". larepublica.co. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  24. ^ "Petro posesionó a los directivos del Icbf, DPS, Dane y otras entidades estatales". elinformador.com. 15 September 2022.
  25. ^ "Gustavo Petro, a political biography – Colombia Politics". Colombia Politics. 24 December 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  26. ^ "Francia Márquez - Goldman Environmental Foundation". Goldman Environmental Foundation. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  27. ^ "This Woman Who Saved Her Afro-Colombian Community's Land From Miners Won Prestigious Prize". Remezcla. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  28. ^ Moloney, Anastasia (27 April 2018). "Death threats won't stop Colombian anti-mining activist". reuters.com. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  29. ^ "Alfonso Prada es el nuevo jefe de debate de Gustavo Petro". 6 April 2022.[permanent dead link]
  30. ^ "La estrategia del Gobierno para dividir al Partido Liberal". cambiocolombia.com. 30 April 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  31. ^ "Luis Fernando Velasco, nuevo Ministro del Interior". mininterior.gov.co. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  32. ^ "Luis Fernando Velasco fue designado como nuevo ministro del Interior". radionacional.co. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  33. ^ Avedaño, Pamela (26 April 2023). "¿Quién es Luis Fernando Velasco, el nuevo ministro del Interior?". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  34. ^ Morales, Carolina (3 July 2024). "¿Quién es Juan Fernando Cristo, el nuevo ministro del Interior del Gobierno Petro?". colombia.as.com. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  35. ^ "Juan Fernando Cristo será el nuevo ministro del Interior de Petro: liberal, excongresista y exministro santista". elcolombiano.com. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  36. ^ "Este es el nuevo ministro del Interior, Juan Fernando Cristo". lasillavacia.com. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  37. ^ "¿Quién es Juan Fernando Cristo, el nuevo ministro del Interior? Esta es su hoja de vida". elpais.com.co. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  38. ^ "Colombia: Petro designa como canciller al exnegociador de paz Álvaro Leyva Durán". dw.com. 25 July 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  39. ^ Torrado, Santiago (8 February 2024). "Luis Gilberto Murillo será el canciller encargado durante la suspensión de Álvaro Leyva". elpais.com. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  40. ^ Gómez, Licsa (8 February 2024). "Luis Gilberto Murillo asumirá oficialmente como canciller encargado tras la suspensión de Álvaro Leyva". infobae.com. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  41. ^ "Petro comienza a dar forma a su gabinete con dos políticos experimentados". ElDiario.es. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  42. ^ "El economista Ricardo Bonilla es el nuevo ministro de Hacienda". elespectador.com. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  43. ^ "Nuevo ministro de Hacienda, un viejo conocido del presidente Petro". portafolio.co. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  44. ^ Velásquez Loaiza, Melissa (27 April 2023). "¿Quién es el nuevo ministro de Hacienda de Colombia? Ricardo Bonilla, el funcionario cercano a Petro con un reto grande por delante". cnnespañol.cnn.com. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  45. ^ "¿Quién es Jhénifer Mojica Flórez, la nueva ministra de Agricultura?". rtvcnoticias.com. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  46. ^ "Jhénifer Mojica Flórez fue designada como nueva ministra de Agricultura". radionacional.co. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  47. ^ Saavedra Álvarez, Aura María (26 April 2023). "Remezón en gabinete de Petro: sorpresiva salida de Carolina Corcho del Minsalud". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  48. ^ Rojas Barragán, Laura Vanessa (26 April 2023). "Crisis ministerial: Petro acepta la renuncia de Carolina Corcho, MinSalud". lafm.com.co. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  49. ^ "Guillermo Jaramillo trabajará de nuevo con Petro: es el nuevo Minsalud". portafolio.co. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  50. ^ Ojeda, Diego (29 April 2023). "Las miradas a Mauricio Lizcano, el nuevo ministro de las TIC". elespectador.com. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  51. ^ "¿Quién es Guillermo Reyes, nuevo ministro de Transporte?". caracol.com.co. 7 August 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  52. ^ "Quién es William Camargo Triana, el nuevo Ministro de Transporte". portafolio.com. 18 December 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  53. ^ "Ministerio de Cultura, Patricia Ariza". PARES (in Spanish). 18 August 2022.
  54. ^ "Jorge Ignacio Zorro Sánchez es el nuevo Ministro de Cultura del gobierno Petro". elpais.com.co. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  55. ^ "Top allies of Colombian president resign over nanny wiretap scandal". france24.com. 6 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  56. ^ Rodríguez, Mario Alejandro (31 August 2023). "Así se cayó el nombramiento de Cielo Rusinque como jefa de Gabinete de Gustavo Petro". infobae.com. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  57. ^ "La confesión de Laura Sarabia: La mano derecha de Petro destapa su dolor". las2orillas.com. 1 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  58. ^ "Mauricio Lizcano es el nuevo director del Dapre". radionacional.co. 7 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  59. ^ "Así reaccionaron los sectores políticos a la salida de siete ministros del gabinete Petro". caracol.com. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  60. ^ "Carlos Ramón González, el nuevo director del Dapre". elespectador.com. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  61. ^ Méndez Mejía, Menfy (23 February 2024). "Laura Sarabia se posesionó como directora del Dapre, su tercer cargo en el Gobierno". larepublica.co. Retrieved 26 February 2024.