Cabinet of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Cabinet of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa | |
|---|---|
.svg) Cabinet of Nigeria | |
| Date formed | 30 August 1957 |
| Date dissolved | 15 January 1966 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Elizabeth II (until 1963) Nnamdi Azikiwe (from 1963) |
| Head of government | Abubakar Tafawa Balewa |
| Member party | Northern People's Congress (NPC) National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) |
| History | |
| Successor | Government of Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi |
The Cabinet of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was the government of Nigeria, headed by Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, in the years leading up to and following independence. There were three cabinets. The first was established in 1957 when Balewa was appointed prime minister by the British governor-general. The second was formed after the general elections of December 1959, just before independence, in a coalition government. The third was formed after the disputed general elections of December 1964, and was dissolved after the military coup of 15 January 1966.
First cabinet: 1957–59
[edit]On 30 August 1957 the governor-general of Nigeria, Sir James Wilson Robertson, announced that Abubakar Tafawa Balewa had been appointed prime minister, with a broad-based National Government.[1] His first cabinet included ministers from all parties.[2] The cabinet was based on that appointed after the 1954 elections.[1] Cabinet ministers included:
| Office | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Tafawa Balewa | |
| Transportation | Raymond Njoku | |
| Education | Aja Nwachukwu | Replaced Matthew Mbu[1] |
| Commerce | K. O. Mbadiwe | |
| Communications | Samuel Akintola | New appointee[1] |
| Finance | Festus Okotie-Eboh | |
| Internal Affairs | J. M. Johnson | replaced Adegoke Adelabu[1] |
| Information | Kola Balogun | |
| Health | Ayo Rosiji | New appointee[1] |
| Mines | Muhammadu Ribadu | |
| Works | Zanna Bukar Dipcharima | Replaced Inuwa Wada[1] |
Second cabinet: 1959–64
[edit]
The next elections were held on 12 December 1959. Results were Northern People's Congress (NPC): 134 seats; National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) / Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU): 89 seats; Action Group (AG): 73 seats; Other: 16 seats. The NPC and NCNC formed an alliance to create the new government, with Belewa again prime minister.[1] Nnamdi Azikiwe became ceremonial president.[2] Northerners were given the most important ministerial posts.[3] Balewa at first retained control of foreign policy, which was pro-western, and did not consult the cabinet.[4] The Balewa coalition of the NPC and NCNC held until 1964, when it broke up due to a dispute over leadership and ministerial appointments.[5] On 8 December 1964 parliament was officially dissolved.[6] Ministers in the second Balewa cabinet were:[7]
| Office | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister | Tafawa Balewa | |
| Foreign Affairs | Jaja Wachuku | From 1961 |
| Attorney Gen/Justice | Taslim Olawale Elias | |
| Lands & Lagos Affairs | Muhammadu Ribadu | |
| Finance | Festus Okotie-Eboh | |
| Transport and Aviation | Raymond Njoku | |
| Commerce &industries | Zanna Bukar Dipcharima | [8] |
| Works & Surveys | Inua Wada | |
| Labour & Welfare | J. M. Johnson | Also responsible for Sports.[8] |
| Education | Aja Nwachukwu | |
| Mines & Power | Maitama Sule | |
| Economic Development & Natural Resources | Shehu Shagari | |
| Communications | Olu Akinfosile | |
| Internal Affairs | Usman Sarki | |
| Information | T. O. S. Benson | |
| Health | Waziri Ibrahim | |
| Pensions, Establishment & Nigerianization | Yisa Yara'Dua |
Third cabinet: 1964–66
[edit]Before the general elections of December 1964 the United Progressive Grand Alliance (UPGA), an alliance of the NCNC, AG, NEPU and United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC), complained that the campaign had not been free or fair. In the north, candidates had been intimidated and prevented from registering. President Azikiwe tried to postpone the elections, but Balewa held them anyway. Despite a partial boycott of the elections by the UPGA, the NNA alliance between the NPC and Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP), gained only a slim majority.[9] Azikiwe at first refused to ask Balewa to form a cabinet, but after a power struggle that lasted a few days he agreed on condition that Balewa's government be broad-based, and that fresh elections be held in the regions where the boycott had taken effect.[10] Balewa's government of national unity included members from both the winning and losing parties. There were 54 members in the cabinet from the NPC (22), NNDP (14), NCNC (15) as well as three independents.[11] This included 21 Cabinet Ministers, 11 Ministers of Cabinet Rank without Portfolio and 22 Ministers without Cabinet Rank. Ministers with Portfolios were:[7]
| Office | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister & External Affairs | Tafawa Balewa | |
| Defense | Muhammadu Ribadu | Inua Ribadu [8] |
| Attorney Gen/Justice | Taslim Olawale Elias | |
| Finance | Festus Okotie-Eboh | |
| Transport | Zanna Bukar Dipcharima | |
| Aviation | Jaja Wachuku | |
| Trade | K. O. Mbadiwe | |
| Industries | Augustus Akinloye | |
| Works | Inua Wada | |
| Housing & Surveys | Adeniran Ogunsanya | |
| Labor | Adeleke Adedoyin | |
| Education | Richard Akinjide | |
| Mines & Power | Maitama Sule | Dominic Mapeo Minister of State |
| Economic Development | Waziri Ibrahim | |
| Natural Resources & Research | Alade Lamuye | |
| Communications | Raymond Njoku | |
| Internal Affairs | Shehu Shagari | |
| Information | Ayo Rosiji | |
| Health | Moses Majekodunmi | |
| Establishment | Jacob Obande |
At midnight on 15 January 1966 five young army officers launched a coup. They killed Balewa and other leading politicians. The next day Acting President Orizu handed over power to Major-General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi.[12]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h Kayode Oyediran & Adetowo Aderemi 2015.
- ^ a b Falola 2004, p. 49.
- ^ Okafor 2013, p. 147.
- ^ Ojo 2001, p. 106.
- ^ Dowding 2014, p. 208.
- ^ Dowding 2014, p. 209.
- ^ a b James O. Ojiako 1981.
- ^ a b c Okocha 2014.
- ^ Abegunrin 2003, p. 24.
- ^ Abegunrin 2003, p. 25.
- ^ Okafor 2013, p. 233.
- ^ Abegunrin 2003, p. 31–32.
Sources
[edit]- Abegunrin, Olayiwola (2003). Nigerian Foreign Policy Under Military Rule, 1966–1999. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97881-5. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- Dowding, Keith (13 August 2014). The Selection of Ministers Around the World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-63445-4. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- Falola, Toyin (2004). Economic Reforms and Modernization in Nigeria, 1945–1965. Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-801-6. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- James O. Ojiako (1981). "Nigeria: Yesterday, Today and ?". African Education Publishers (Nig.) Ltd. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- Kayode Oyediran; Adetowo Aderemi (3 May 2015). "Right of Reply – Do Not Falsify Nigeria's Political History: Give Jonathan His Due Credit". Vanguard. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- Ojo, Bamidele A. (1 January 2001). Problems and Prospects of Sustaining Democracy in Nigeria. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56072-949-5. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- Okafor, Victor Oguejiofor (13 September 2013). A Roadmap for Understanding African Politics: Leadership and Political Integration in Nigeria. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-52904-8. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- Okocha, Emma (27 February 2014). "Enter the Alibaba Ministers…". The Sun. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.