From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Editorial cartoon from Quebec's L'opinion publique in 1874: "A Country's Remorse". The accompanying text says, "Canada mourns her sins; she is right, remorse is healthy; all these electoral court challenges have revealed a series of facts which, in the eyes of the foreigner, demeans and humiliates Canada. Hope for a better future."
By-elections to the 3rd Canadian Parliament were held to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada between the 1874 federal election and the 1878 federal election . The Liberal Party of Canada led a majority government for the 3rd Canadian Parliament .
The number of by-elections is notable and so is the number that were of successfully contested, mainly because courts in Canada began to take a more objective view of petitions at that time, following legal reforms on election procedure.[ 1] Despite many new elections being called, many politicians were nonetheless reelected a second time.
The following list includes Ministerial by-elections which occurred due to the requirement that Members of Parliament recontest their seats upon being appointed to Cabinet. These by-elections were almost always uncontested. This requirement was abolished in 1931.
By-election
Date
Incumbent
Party
Winner
Party
Cause
Retained
New Westminster
March 25, 1878
James Cunningham
Liberal
Thomas Robert McInnes
Independent
Resignation
No
Northumberland
February 5, 1878
Peter Mitchell
Independent
Peter Mitchell
Independent
Resignation to re-contest after being accused of violating the Independence of Parliament Act by leasing a building to the government while he was a senator.
Yes
Halifax
January 29, 1878
Alfred Gilpin Jones
Independent
Alfred Gilpin Jones
Independent
Resignation to re-contest because of an alleged breach of the Independence of Parliament Act.
Yes
Digby
January 19, 1878
William Berrian Vail
Liberal
John Chipman Wade
Conservative
Resignation to re-contest due to conflict of interest allegations.
No
Restigouche
January 12, 1878
George Moffat Sr.
Conservative
George Haddow
Independent
Resignation
No
Nicolet
December 18, 1877
Joseph Gaudet
Conservative
François-Xavier-Ovide Méthot
Independent Conservative
Appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec
No
Quebec East
November 28, 1877
Isidore Thibaudeau
Liberal
Wilfrid Laurier
Liberal
Resignation to provide a seat for Laurier.
Yes
Quebec-Centre
November 3, 1877
Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
Conservative
Jacques Malouin
Independent
Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba.
No
Drummond—Arthabaska
October 27, 1877
Wilfrid Laurier
Liberal
Désiré Olivier Bourbeau
Conservative
Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Inland Revenue.
No
Gloucester
July 2, 1877
Timothy Anglin
Liberal
Timothy Anglin
Liberal
Resignation to re-contest after being found in violation of the Independence of Parliament Act for accepting government printing contracts, and being censured by the House of Commons Committee on Privilege.
Yes
Ottawa (City of)
May 9, 1877
Joseph Merrill Currier
Liberal-Conservative
Joseph Merrill Currier
Liberal-Conservative
Resignation to re-contest for having infringed the Independence of Parliament Act by conducting business dealings with the government while still a member.
Yes
Lincoln
May 9, 1877
James Norris
Liberal
James Norris
Liberal
Resigns in order to re-contest after acquiring a government contract.[ 2]
Yes
Charlevoix
March 23, 1877
Hector-Louis Langevin
Conservative
Hector-Louis Langevin
Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Kamouraska
February 19, 1877
Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier
Liberal
Charles-François Roy
Conservative
Called to the Senate.
No
Jacques Cartier
December 28, 1876
Rodolphe Laflamme
Liberal
Rodolphe Laflamme
Liberal
Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Inland Revenue.
Yes
Cardwell
December 14, 1876
John Hillyard Cameron
Conservative
Dalton McCarthy
Conservative
Death
Yes
Queen's County
November 22, 1876
David Laird
Liberal
James Colledge Pope
Conservative
Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the North West Territories.
No
Bothwell
November 15, 1876
David Mills
Liberal
David Mills
Liberal
Recontested upon appointment as Minister of the Interior and Superintendent General of Indian Affairs.
Yes
Beauce
October 18, 1876
Christian Henry Pozer
Liberal
Joseph Bolduc
Conservative
Called to the Senate.
No
Victoria
September 21, 1876
Barclay Edmund Tremaine
Liberal
Charles James Campbell
Conservative
Appointed a County Court judge.
No
Glengarry
July 31, 1876
Archibald McNab
Liberal
Archibald McNab
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Ontario South
July 5, 1876
Malcolm Cameron
Liberal
Thomas Nicholson Gibbs
Liberal-Conservative
Death
No
Ontario North
July 5, 1876
Adam Gordon
Liberal
William Henry Gibbs
Conservative
Death
No
Wellington South
July 5, 1876
David Stirton
Liberal
Donald Guthrie
Liberal
Appointed Postmaster of Guelph.
Yes
Middlesex North
June 7, 1876
Thomas Scatcherd
Liberal
Robert Colin Scatcherd
Liberal
Death
Yes.
Two Mountains
March 11, 1876
Charles Auguste Maximilien Globensky
Independent
Jean-Baptiste Daoust
Conservative
Resignation
No
Charlevoix
January 22, 1876
Pierre-Alexis Tremblay
Liberal
Hector-Louis Langevin
Conservative
Election declared void.
No
Renfrew North
January 21, 1876
William Murray
Liberal
Peter White
Conservative
Election declared void.
No
Chambly
January 7, 1876
Amable Jodoin
Liberal
Pierre Basile Benoit
Conservative
Election declared void.
No
Argenteuil
December 31, 1875
Lemuel Cushing, Jr.
Liberal
Thomas Christie
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Quebec-Centre
December 27, 1875
Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
Conservative
Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
Conservative
Recontested upon appointment as President of the Privy Council.
Yes
Dorchester
December 14, 1875
François Fortunat Rouleau
Liberal-Conservative
François Fortunat Rouleau
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Montreal Centre
November 26, 1875
Bernard Devlin
Liberal
Bernard Devlin
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Bellechasse
November 23, 1875
Télesphore Fournier
Liberal
Joseph Goderic Blanchet
Conservative
Appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada.
No
West Toronto
November 6, 1875
Thomas Moss
Liberal
John Beverly Robinson
Conservative
Appointed to the Court of Appeal of Ontario
No
Montreal West
October 30, 1875
Frederick Mackenzie
Liberal
Thomas Workman
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Victoria North
September 17, 1875
James Maclennan
Liberal
Hector Cameron
Conservative
Court overturns result of 1874 by-election and declared Cameron seated.
No
Gaspé
July 10, 1875
Louis George Harper
Conservative
John Short
Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Glengarry
July 7, 1875
Donald Alexander Macdonald
Liberal
Archibald McNab
Liberal
Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.
Yes
Perth North
July 7, 1875
Andrew Monteith
Conservative
Andrew Monteith
Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
York North
June 29, 1875
Alfred Hutchinson Dymond
Liberal
Alfred Hutchinson Dymond
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Monck
June 22, 1875
Lachlin McCallum
Liberal-Conservative
Lachlin McCallum
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Napierville
June 19, 1875
Sixte Coupal dit la Reine
Liberal
Sixte Coupal dit la Reine
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Bruce South
June 2, 1875
Edward Blake
Liberal
Edward Blake
Liberal
Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Justice.
Yes
Toronto Centre
May 21, 1875
Robert Wilkes
Liberal
John Macdonald
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Hamilton
May 20, 1875
Andrew Trew Wood and Aemilius Irving
Liberal
Aemilius Irving and Andrew Trew Wood
Liberal
Double member constituency - elections declared void.
Yes
Victoria
April 28, 1875
Charles James Campbell
Conservative
Barclay Edmund Tremaine
Liberal
Campbell unseated by decision of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia., 28 February 1875; Tremaine declared duly elected by decision of Election Court, 28 April 1875
No
Provencher
March 31, 1875
Louis Riel
Independent
Andrew Bannatyne
Liberal
Unseated from the House of Commons and declared an outlaw, 25 February 1875
No
Wellington North
March 18, 1875
Nathaniel Higinbotham
Liberal
Nathaniel Higinbotham
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Berthier
February 27, 1875
Anselme-Homère Pâquet
Liberal
Edward Octavian Cuthbert
Conservative
Called to the Senate.
No
Two Mountains
February 26, 1875
Wilfrid Prévost
Liberal
Charles Auguste Maximilien Globensky
Independent
Election declared void
No
Renfrew South
February 20, 1875
John Lorn McDougall
Liberal
John Lorn McDougall
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
London
February 18, 1875
John Walker
Liberal
James Harshaw Fraser
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void
No
Huron South
February 11, 1875
Malcolm Colin Cameron
Liberal
Thomas Greenway
Independent
Election declared void.
No
Middlesex East
January 28, 1875
Crowell Willson
Liberal-Conservative
Duncan Macmillan
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Halton
January 25, 1875
Daniel Black Chisholm
Liberal-Conservative
William McCraney
Liberal
Election declared void.
No
Toronto East
January 18, 1875
John O'Donohoe
Liberal-Conservative
Samuel Platt
Independent
Election declared void.
No
L'Assomption
January 16, 1875
Hilaire Hurteau
Liberal-Conservative
Hilaire Hurteau
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Montreal Centre
January 12, 1875
Michael Patrick Ryan
Liberal-Conservative
Bernard Devlin
Liberal
Election declared void.
No
Chambly
December 30, 1874
Pierre Basile Benoit
Conservative
Amable Jodoin
Liberal
Election declared void.
No
Kingston
December 29, 1874
John A. Macdonald
Liberal-Conservative
John A. Macdonald
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Simcoe North
December 26, 1874
Herman Henry Cook
Liberal
Herman Henry Cook
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Victoria North
December 22, 1874
James Maclennan
Liberal
James Maclennan
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Niagara
December 22, 1874
Josiah Burr Plumb
Conservative
Josiah Burr Plumb
Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Victoria
December 17, 1874
William Ross
Liberal
Charles James Campbell
Conservative
Appointed to Collector of Customs at Halifax.
No
Colchester
December 17, 1874
Thomas McKay
Liberal-Conservative
Thomas McKay
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Leeds North and Grenville North
December 16, 1874
Charles Frederick Ferguson
Liberal-Conservative
Charles Frederick Ferguson
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Norfolk South
December 16, 1874
John Stuart
Liberal
William Wallace
Conservative
Election declared void.
No
Wellington Centre
December 13, 1874
George Turner Orton
Liberal-Conservative
George Turner Orton
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Northumberland East
December 12, 1874
James Lyons Biggar
Independent Liberal
James Lyons Biggar
Independent Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Joliette
December 10, 1874
Louis François Georges Baby
Conservative
Louis François Georges Baby
Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Montreal West
December 10, 1874
Frederick Mackenzie
Liberal
Frederick Mackenzie
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Richmond—Wolfe
December 4, 1874
Henry Aylmer
Liberal
Henry Aylmer
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Northumberland West
November 17, 1874
William Kerr
Liberal
William Kerr
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Lincoln
November 17, 1874
James Norris
Liberal
James Norris
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Argenteuil
November 4, 1874
John Abbott
Liberal-Conservative
Lemuel Cushing, Jr.
Liberal
Election declared void.
No
Renfrew North
November 4, 1874
Peter White
Conservative
William Murray
Liberal
Election declared void.
No
Addington
October 28, 1874
Schuyler Shibley
Conservative
Schuyler Shibley
Liberal-Conservative
Election declared void.
Yes
Digby
October 26, 1874
Edwin Randolph Oakes
Liberal-Conservative
William Berrian Vail
Liberal
Appointed to the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia.
No
Renfrew South
October 24, 1874
John Lorn McDougall
Liberal
John Lorn McDougall
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Essex
October 22, 1874
William McGregor
Liberal
William McGregor
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Cornwall
October 20, 1874
Alexander Francis Macdonald
Liberal
Alexander Francis Macdonald
Liberal
Election declared void.
Yes
Provencher
September 3, 1874
Louis Riel
Independent
Louis Riel
Independent
Expelled from the House of Commons
Yes
Marquette
August 25, 1874
Robert Cunningham
Liberal
Joseph O'Connell Ryan
Liberal
Death, Ryan awarded seat upon re-examination of votes cast.
Yes
Elgin East
August 11, 1874
William Harvey
Liberal
Colin MacDougall
Liberal
Death
Yes
Napierville
August 4, 1874
Antoine-Aimé Dorion
Liberal
Sixte Coupal dit la Reine
Liberal
Appointed Chief Justice of Quebec.
Yes
Verchères
July 25, 1874
Félix Geoffrion
Liberal
Félix Geoffrion
Liberal
Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Inland Revenue.
Yes
Oxford South
May 23, 1874
Ebenezer Vining Bodwell
Liberal
James Atchison Skinner
Liberal
Appointed Superintendent of the Welland Canal.
Yes
Durham West
April 7, 1874
Edmund B. Wood
Liberal
Harvey William Burk
Liberal
Appointed Chief Justice of Manitoba.
Yes