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39th Infantry Division (India)

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(Redirected from British 1st Burma Division)
For the World War I formation, see Burma Division.
39th Indian Infantry Division
Active14 July 1941–1945
1966-date
CountryBritish Raj British India
 India
Branch British Indian Army
 Indian Army
TypeInfantry
SizeDivision
Nickname(s)Dah Division[1]
Motto(s)‘Daring and Hardy’[1]
Engagements
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Major General James Bruce Scott

39th Indian Infantry Division (originally the 1st Burma Division) was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II, which became a training division in 1943 after its recovery into India from Burma. The division was re-raised after independence and 39 Mountain Division is presently located in Palampur, Himachal Pradesh under XVI Corps.

History

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The 1st Burma Infantry Division was formed 14 July 1941 at Toungoo in Burma. The division was part of the British Burma Army.

On the outbreak of war, the division was commanded by Major-General James Bruce Scott. It consisted of the 1st and 2nd Burma Infantry Brigades, and the 13th Indian Infantry Brigade. Throughout the Japanese conquest of Burma, the division interchanged many units with its fellow Burma Corps component, 17th Indian Infantry Division. At various times the 7th Armoured Brigade, 16th Indian Infantry Brigade, 48th Indian Infantry Brigade, and 63rd Indian Infantry Brigade came under command of the division, though only the original three brigades finally entered India as part of the division at the end of the arduous retreat, reduced to fractions of their original strength.

The 1st Burma Division changed to an Indian formation at the end of the 1942 campaign. While the majority of the Burma Army was reconstituted elsewhere in India, the division headquarters was retained at the front.

The 39th division was soon re-roled as a light division with two infantry brigades and Mule and jeep transport companies. However this change happened more in name than in anything else as it never actually began to convert to an entirely mule and jeep based transport and supply system.

The decision to convert the division to a training role was undertaken in June 1943[2] after the poorly executed Arakan offensive when it was realised that the troops being sent into the field, both British and Indian, while not lacking conventional military fighting skills, lacked the necessary knowledge and training to operate in the Burmese jungle. The 39th was joined in its training role by the 14th Indian Infantry Division which had been the main operational unit during the Arakan offensive and had suffered badly both in terms of casualties and morale as a result.

Post World War II, the division was disbanded between January and March 1946 as part of the demobilisation policy.

Formation

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106th Indian Infantry Brigade

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113th Indian Infantry Brigade

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Divisional troops

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Assigned brigades

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All these brigades were assigned or attached to the division at some time during World War II

Under command when Burma Division

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Attached when light division

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Attached when a training division

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Post independence

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Dah Division celebrates 70th 'Infantry Day' at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, October 2017

The 39 Infantry Division was re-raised at Jhansi under the command of Major General ML Thapan on 15 July 1966.[1] At formation, the division had an independent parachute brigade and an artillery brigade. The 87 Infantry Brigade (Shakargarh Brigade) and 323 Infantry Brigade (Dalhousie Brigade) joined the division in January 1966. The Parachute Brigade was replaced by the 33 Infantry Brigade (Thanpir Brigade) in October 1967. The division moved from Jhansi to Yol, Himachal Pradesh in March 1970 and was converted to a mountain division in January 1986.[6] The division was moved to Poonch and Rajouri border districts in 1994 following the rise of terrorism in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It was withdrawn to its base in Palampur in Himachal Pradesh in 2009.[7] The division presently has the following brigades -

Operations

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The division was under the command of Major General BR Prabhu during the 1971 war. It was initially placed under the XV Corps in a defensive role. It then moved to I Corps in the Shakargarh sector. Its task was to move along the Mawa-Dehlra axis and capture Shakargarh. The division had shed two of its three integral brigades and was allotted 72 Infantry Brigade from 36 Infantry Division, 2 Independent Armoured Brigade (less one regiment) and one mechanised battalion. 33 Infantry Division was sent to reinforce Poonch and 323 Infantry Division to 'X Sector' west of Degh Nadi.[8][9][page needed][10]

The order of battle of the division was[11][12] -

The divisional offensive started on the morning of 5 December 1971, with 92 Field Regiment knocking out the Pakistani Artillery Observation Post (OP) at Sukhmal. At night, 72 Infantry Brigade captured the Pakistani border posts. They faced heavy artillery fire, slowing the advance. 1 Dogra came in contact with the enemy at Harar Kalan on the noon of 7 December 1971. The battalion launched a frontal attack the same night, but faced heavy enemy fire leading to 25 killed and 65 wounded and the attack was called off. During the same time, 15 Grenadiers, 22 Punjab and 3 Sikh Light Infantry captured Khaira, Chak Amru and Parni respectively.[13] The setback at Harar Kalan though affected the division’s speed of advance.[12]

72 Infantry Brigade with better preparation and planning and supported well by the artillery subsequently attacked and captured Harar Kalan on the night of 10 December 1971. At the same time, 15 Grenadiers, 22 Punjab and 3 Sikh Light Infantry captured Harar Khurd, Shahbazpur and Munam respectively.[12][14]

Because of the slow advance of the division compared to the 54 Infantry Division, there was a change in strategy and regrouping of forces. The division was assigned a defensive role in the Ramgarh-Samba gap. 87 Infantry Brigade, Headquarters 2 Independent Armoured Brigade and 1 Horse were moved to reinforce 36 Infantry Brigade. 72 Infantry Brigade and 7 Light Cavalry were moved to form the fourth brigade under 54 Infantry Division.[12][15]

101 Field Regiment (Self Propelled) which had provided accurate and effective artillery fire during the offence was subsequently awarded the honour title Harar Kalan.[12]

Operation Trident

January to March 1987.[6]

Operation Rakshak I

The division was involved in counterinsurgency operations in South Kashmir between April 1993 and January 1994.[6]

Operation Rakshak II

The troops of the division were inducted for counterinsurgency operations in Poonch and Rajouri in October 1998.[6]

Exercise Nomadic Elephant 2019 between India and Mongolia at Bakloh, Himanchal Pradesh under the aegis of Dah Division, October 2019
Operation Vijay

The division was concentrated around Rajouri between May 1999 and December 2001.[6]

Operation Parakram

The division was mobilised for the operation on 18 December 2001 in the Rajouri area.[6]

Counter-terrorism operations

The division was deployed in Udhampur district between April 2002 and June 2003.[6]

Line of Control deployment

The formation was deployed in counter-infiltration role at the Line of Control (LoC) between July 2003 and September 2009.[6][16][17]

Formation Sign

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The present formation sign has a black background signifying an infantry division and a Dah - a sharp edged sword.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "DAH Division celebrates Raising Day". 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  2. ^ a b Kempton, p. 137
  3. ^ "1 Burma Division units". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  4. ^ Kempton, p. 145
  5. ^ "39 Division units". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "39 Mountain Division Golden Jubilee". 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  7. ^ "Army's 39 Mountain Division withdrawn from Jammu and Kashmir". 2009-12-09. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
  8. ^ Rao, KVK (1991). Prepare or Perish: A Study of National Security. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 978-8172120016.
  9. ^ Singh, Sukhwant (1980). India's Wars Since Independence. Vol. 1. Vikas. ISBN 978-0-7069-1057-5.
  10. ^ "War in the Western Theatre" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  11. ^ Gill, JH (2003). An Atlas Of 1971 India Pakistan War - Creation of Bangladesh. National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. p. 86.
  12. ^ a b c d e Singh, Jagjit (1994). Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971. Spantech & Lancer. ISBN 978-1897829554.
  13. ^ "Major Jaswal — The hero of Chak Amru". 2019-09-07. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  14. ^ "Golden Jubilee of 15 Grenadiers". 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
  15. ^ "Battle of Basantar 1971 War". 2021-09-07. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  16. ^ "Not all quiet on the border". 2004-01-02. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  17. ^ "No infiltration in last 6 months from LoC in Jammu: GOC 39 Mtn Div". 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2021-07-25.

Sources

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  • Kempton, Chris (2003). 'Loyalty & Honour' The Indian Army September 1939 - August 1947, Part I: Divisions. Milton Keynes: The Military Press. ISBN 0-85420-228-5.
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