Brisingida
| Brisingida | |
|---|---|
| |
| Brisingid sea star | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Asteroidea |
| Superorder: | Forcipulatacea |
| Order: | Brisingida Fisher, 1928 |
| Families | |
|
See text. | |
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida.[1][2]
Description
[edit]These starfish have between 6 and 16 long, attenuated arms which they use for suspension feeding.[3] Other characteristics include a single series of marginals, a fused ring of disc plates, the lack of actinal plates, a spool-like ambulacral column, reduced abactinal plates, and crossed pedicellariae.[4] They are 40 times the size of disk radius and have 7–20 flexible spiny arms.[5]
Distribution
[edit]Brisingida occur in a number of deep-sea locations, particularly in the Caribbean and New Zealand.[6]
This type of species are found of varying size especially in the eastern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1,820–2,418 m.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit]The Brisingida contain two families, with 18 genera:[2]
- Family Brisingidae, G.O. Sars, 1875[7]
- Genus Astrolirus, Fisher, 1917 — (two species)
- Genus Astrostephane, Fisher, 1917 — (two species)
- Genus Brisinga Asbjørnsen, 1856 (synonym: Craterobrisinga, Fisher, 1916) — (20 species)
- Genus Brisingaster Loriol, 1883 — (monotypic)
- Genus Brisingella Fisher, 1917 — (monotypic)
- Genus Brisingenes Fisher, 1917 — (four species)
- Genus Hymenodiscus Perrier, 1884 — (16 species)
- Genus Midgardia Downey, 1972 — (monotypic)
- Genus Novodinia Dartnall, Pawson, Pope & B.J. Smith, 1969 (synonym: Odinia, Perrier, 1885) — (13 species)
- Genus Odinella Fisher, 1940 — (monotypic)
- Genus Stegnobrisinga Fisher, 1916 — (three species)
- Family Freyellidae, Downey, 1986[8][9]
- Genus Astrocles Fisher, 1917 — (three species)
- Genus Belgicella Ludwig, 1903 — (monotypic)
- Genus Colpaster Sladen, 1889 — (two species)
- Genus Freyastera Downey, 1986 — (six species)
- Genus Freyella Perrier, 1885 (synonym: Freyellidea, Fisher, 1917) — (31 species)
- Genus Freyellaster Fisher 1918 — (five species)
References
[edit]- ^ "Asteroidea". Tolweb.org. 2004-10-07. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ a b Mah, C. (2014). Mah CL (ed.). "Brisingida". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
- ^ "Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences". Palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk. 2005-11-22. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ "Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with Description of a New Genus and Family" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
- ^ a b Zhang; et al. (May 27, 2020). "A new sponge-associated starfish, Astrolirus patricki sp. nov. (Asteroidea: Brisingida: Brisingidae), from the northwestern Pacific seamounts" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-03.
- ^ "Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal". Gbif.net. 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Mah, C. (2014). Mah CL (ed.). "Brisingidae G.O. Sars, 1875". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
- ^ "Antarctic Invertebrates: Brisingida". Invertebrates.si.edu. 1970-01-01. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ Mah, C. (2014). Mah CL (ed.). "Freyellidae Downey, 1986". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2014-05-23.
Further reading
[edit]- Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336–351 (look up in IMIS) [details]
- Clark, A.M. and M.E. Downey. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall: London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
- Downey. M.E. (1986). Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No.435. 57pp. [details]
- Fisher, W.K. (1917). New genera and species of Brisingidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20(8): 418–431. [details]
- Sladen, W.P. (1889). Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876, Zoology 30(51): xlii + 893 pages 118 plates. [details]
- Clark, A.M.and Mah, C. (2001). An index of names of recent Asteroidea, part 4. Forcipulatida and Brisingida, in: Jangoux, M.; Lawrence, J.M. (Ed.) (2001). Echinoderm Studies, 6: pp. 229–347 (look up in IMIS) [details]
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