Brachistinae
| Brachistinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Eubazus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Braconidae |
| Subfamily: | Brachistinae |
| Tribes[1] | |
Brachistinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.[2]
Taxonomy and phylogeny
[edit]The genera of Brachistinae were formerly classified as tribes under the subfamily Helconinae.[3] The tribe Blacini was split into a separate subfamily, Blacinae. Blacinae was subdivided into the tribes Blacini, Blacozonini, Chalaropini, Dyscoletini, Stegnocellini, and Xyeloblacini. The Helconinae tribes Diospilini, Brulleiini and Brachistini were later split into another subfamily, Brachistinae. Phylogenetic studies by Sharanowski et al. in 2011 found the Blacinae and Brachistinae to represent a monophyletic lineage, resulting in the synonymization of Blacinae under Brachistinae.[1] However, further phylogenomic studies by Jasso-Martínez et al. in 2022 found Dyscoletes to be distant and not monophyletic with other Brachistinae so considered it incertae sedis. The authors also noted weaknesses in the phylogenetics of Brachistinae due to genera being omitted.[4]
Genera
[edit]The genera of the subfamily Brachistinae include:[1][5]
- Apoblacus van Achterberg, 1976
- Blacometeorus Tobias, 1976 c g
- Blacus Nees von Esenbeck, 1818 c g b
- †Palaeoblacus Statz, 1936
Tribe Blacini or Blacozonini
[edit]- Blacozona van Achterberg, 1976
- Glyptoblacus van Achterberg, 1995
- Grypokeros van Achterberg, 1988
Tribe Blacini or Chalaropini
[edit]- Chalarope van Achterberg, 1988
Tribe Blacini, Dyscoletini, or incertae sedis
[edit]- Dyscoletes Westwood, 1840 c g
- Hellenius (wasp) Nees, 1811
Tribe Blacini or Stegnocellini
[edit]- Mesoxiphium van Achterberg, 1976
- Stegnocella van Achterberg, 1976
Tribe Blacini or Xyeloblacini
[edit]- Xyeloblacus van Achterberg, 1997 c g
Tribe Brachistini
[edit]- Brachistes Wesmael, 1835
- Dicyrtaspis van Achterberg, 1980
- Eubazus Nees von Esenbeck, 1812 c g b
- Foersteria Szépligeti, 1896 i c g
- Nealiolus Mason, 1974
- Niteobrachis Aranguren, 1999
- Schizoprymnus Förster, 1862 c g b
- Triaspis Haliday, 1838 c g b
Tribe Brulleiini
[edit]- Brulleia Szépligeti, 1904 c g
- Parabrulleia van Achterberg, 1983 c g
Tribe Diospilini
[edit]- Aspicolpus Wesmael, 1838 c g
- Aspigonus Wesmael, 1835 c g
- Atree Ranjith, van Achterberg & Priyadarsanan, 2022
- Depelbus Papp, 1993
- Diospilus Haliday, 1833 c g b
- Nipponocolpus Belokobylskij & Fujie, 2017
- Schauinslandia Ashmead, 1900
- Taphaeus Wesmael, 1835 c g
- Topaldios Papp, 1995
- Vadumasonium Kammerer, 2006 c g
Tribe Tainitermini
[edit]- Tainiterma van Achterberg & Shaw, 2001[6]
Data sources: i = ITIS,[7] c = Catalogue of Life,[8] g = GBIF,[9] b = Bugguide.net[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P. G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 549–572. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36..549S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x. S2CID 52226040.
- ^ a b "Brachistinae Subfamily Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
- ^ van Achterberg, Cornelis (1976). "A revision of the tribus Blacini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae". Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 118: 159–322.
- ^ Jasso-Martínez, Jovana M.; Santos, Bernardo F.; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro; Fernández-Triana, José L.; Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Richter, Robin; Dettman, Jeremy R.; Blaimer, Bonnie B.; Brady, Seán G.; Kula, Robert R. (2022). "Phylogenomics of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) sheds light on classification and the evolution of parasitoid life history traits". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 173. Bibcode:2022MolPE.17307452J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107452. PMID 35307517.
- ^ Broad, Gavin R.; Shaw, Mark R.; Godfray, H.C. (2016). "Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae". Biodiversity Data Journal. 4 (4): e8151. doi:10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151. PMC 4867695. PMID 27226759.
- ^ Ghahari, Hassan; Quicke, Donald L.J.; Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Shaw, Scott Richard (2022). "5. Subfamily Brachistinae Foerster, 1". In Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard (eds.). Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera) Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps. Elsevier Science. p. 360-363. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96099-1.00018-2.
- ^ "ITIS, Integrated Taxonomic Information System". Retrieved 2018-04-05.
- ^ "Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2018-04-05.
- ^ "GBIF". Retrieved 2018-04-05.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Brachistinae at Wikimedia Commons
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