Brașov Synagogue

Brașov Synagogue (Beth Israel Synagogue of Brașov)
Romanian: Sinagoga Beit Israel Brașov
The synagogue façade, in 2018
Religion
Affiliation	Neolog Judaism
Rite	Nusach Ashkenaz
Ecclesiastical or organisational status	Synagogue Profane use (during WWII)
Status	Active
Location
Location	29 Poarta Șchei Street, Brașov, Transylvania
Country	Romania
Location of the synagogue in Brașov
Geographic coordinates	45°38′21″N 25°35′17″E
Architecture
Architect(s)	Lipót Baumhorn
Type	Synagogue architecture
Style	Hungarian Secession Gothic Revival Moorish Revival
Date established	1868 (as a congregation)
Groundbreaking	1898
Completed	1901; 2007 (restoration)
Construction cost	1.2 million Austro-Hungarian crowns
Specifications
Interior area	657 square metres (7,000 sq ft)
Materials	Brick
Monument istoric
Official name	Brașov: Sinagoga neologă
Type	Monumente de arhitectură
Designated	sec. XIX
Reference no.	BV-II-m-B-11515

The Brașov Synagogue, officially the Beth Israel Synagogue in Brașov (Romanian: Sinagoga Beit Israel Brașov; Hebrew: בית ישראל, lit. 'House of Israel Synagogue in Brașov') is a Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 29 Poarta Șchei Street in the center of Brașov, in Transylvania, Romania. Designed by Lipót Baumhorn in the Hungarian Secession style, the synagogue was completed in 1901, and is situated behind the street front, on a plot surrounded by houses. The synagogue plays a ritual role and the building complex includes a community seat and a kosher restaurant.

The synagogue is included on the National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania.

History

Although practitioners of Judaism had lived in Brașov as early as the 15th century, they did not receive an official settlement permit until 1807. The Brașov Jewish community, which initially comprised four families, was formed in 1826. They initially used the Chapel Street Hospital, established by Saxon Lutherans, as a religious building. The prayer house relocated to the Lakatos-Zwinger area (where the museum is today), and a school was established. From 1856, the community's house of worship was in the Joiner-Zwinger, at the site of the later reformed church (where the Aro Palace stands today).

Brașov was the first Saxon city in which Jewish merchants also played a role: They wrote a petition which later allowed Jews to settle in other cities in Transylvania.

Established as an Orthodox congregation, after 1868 the community affiliated with Neologicism. In 1877, it split into an innovative Neologist faction led by Aronsohn Löbl and a nationalist Orthodox group led by Adler Bernhard. Each community built its own prayer house. The Neolog Synagogue was built between 1898 and 1901, at 29 Orphanage Street, according to the plans of architect Lipót Baumhorn. It cost 1.2 million crowns to build, more than the magnificent Szeged Synagogue. Rabbi Ludovic Pap-Rosenberg inaugurated the synagogue on August 20, 1901. Hundreds of soldiers were deployed to maintain order during the ceremony because of the blood blazing charge.

During the first four decades of the 20th century, the city's Jewish community more than quadrupled to 3,494. In 1912, an organization was set up to envision the future of Jewry in Argentina. In 1921, a Jewish sports association was founded under the name Ivria, and soon another was founded under the name Hakoach.

In November 1940, Iron Guards damaged the synagogue, smashing the stained glass, furniture, and organ. During World War II, the building was used as a gym. After the war, it was renovated, and in 1949 the Neologist and Orthodox factions reunited. After the establishment of the State of Israel, the majority of the Jews in Brasov emigrated.

In 2001, on the centenary of its opening, the synagogue was renovated again. Because the community had become more Orthodox, the bane was moved to the center of the main ship by moving the benches and cutting them back. In August 2014, a monument was unveiled in the courtyard to commemorate the Transylvanian victims of the Holocaust. In October 2014, the synagogue was renamed Beth Israel (House of Israel). The community currently has approximately 225 members and the cemetery is on Crișan Street.

Description

The 657-square-metre (7,000 sq ft) synagogue is built in a three-nave Gothic Revival style with Moorish Revival elements. Stained-glass windows show the coat of arms of 32 Israeli settlements. The facade's windows emit sunlight, and the top of the roof represents the stone tablet of the Ten Commandments. Memorial plaques in the lobby list the names of the presidents of the Jewish community and the Jews from Brasov who died during World War II. The main nave is separated by rows of columns from the aisles; these pillars have balconies where women can sit. The synagogue is open Monday through Friday; an entrance fee is required.

The building complex, at 27 Orava House, includes a community headquarters, kosher restaurant, medical office, and aid organization.

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See also

• History of the Jews in Romania
• List of synagogues in Romania

Further reading

• Manațe; Fiul; Oprea (2007). Comunitatea evreilor din Brașov (in Romanian). Brassó: Transilvania Expres. ISBN 9789738196766.
• Klein Rudolf (2011). Zsinagógák Magyarországon 1782–1918 - Fejlődéstörténet, tipológia és építészeti jelentőség (in Romanian). Budapest: Terc. ISBN 9789639968011.
• Aldea, Vasile (2016). Crâmpeie din Brașovul de ieri și azi (in Romanian). Vidombák: Haco International. pp. 386–389. ISBN 9789737706416.

External links

Media related to Neolog Jewish temple in Brașov at Wikimedia Commons