Boston Miroku
| Boston Miroku | |
|---|---|
| Japanese: 弥勒菩薩立像 一躯 (Miroku bosatsu ryûzô) | |
 Set of Statues from Kōfuku-ji that fell into disrepair (1901), the Boston Miroku is 2nd from the Left, the Intan Jizō seen on the far right. | |
| Artist | Kaikei |
| Year | 1189 (Bunji 5) |
| Medium | Japanese cypress, gold, and inlaid crystal, split-and-joined construction |
| Dimensions | 142.2 cm × 62.2 cm × 53.3 cm (56 in × 24.5 in × 21 in) |
| Location | Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston |
| Accession | MFA 20.723.1 |
| Website | https://collections.mfa.org/objects/28592 |
The Boston Miroku is a Kamakura period wooden sculpture of Maitreya, the Buddha of the future. Carved by the Buddhist sculptor Kaikei in 1189, it was once held and venerated at Kōfuku-ji, Nara until the temple sold it in 1906. It was then acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1920. It is considered to be the earliest extant work of Kaikei, who is recognized for his works as part of the Kei school of Buddhist sculpture.[1][2]
Background
[edit]The Kei school (Keiha, 慶派) was a studio consisting of sculptors who primarily operated in Nara and Kyoto, which initially was established by Jōchō, but was then flourished under the visage of Kōkei, who then trained his son, Unkei along with Kaikei.[2][3]
In 1180, due to the Siege of Nara during the Genpei War, many prominent temples including Tōdai-ji and Kōfuku-ji got burnt, and thus in the decades following, the studio was commissioned to carry out much of the extensive restoration work for the temples in the city.[3][4][5]
The Boston Miroku, carved in 1189, nine years after the battle is considered to represent an early phase of Kaikei, and was held by Kofuku-ji until 1906, when several of its holdings were sold for the temple's upkeep, a result of the fallout of the shinbutsu bunri by Haibutsu kishaku (separation of Buddhism and Shintoism).[6][7] The Miroku was then owned by scholar Okakura Kakuzō, where upon his passing in 1913, his estate gifted the sculpture to the MFA on 3 June 1920.[1]
Description
[edit]
The sculpture was verified as the earliest work many thanks to the signature found at the bottom of the statue, which in the years following the Genpei War, the sculpture studios sought to credit their authorship, as such Kaikei's signature was accompanied by kōshō ("skillful artisan") to his name. The Boston Miroku was signed "Busshi Kaikei", thanks to a sutra found inside the cavity of the statue.[6][9][10][11]
The Boston Miroku represents the first phase of Kaikei, modelled after his senior Kokei, this was utilized by naturalistic form, as well as bold drapery folds given to Miroku's attire.[6] In addition, the realism of the sculpture represents a deviation from many previous orthodox forms of Japanese Buddhist sculptures, which would represent in strains of his subsequent works, such as that of the Tōdai-ji Hachiman, and a Jizo statue.[6][12]
This form, would be known as "An Ami" style, named after Kaikei's second phase in 1192.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Miroku, the Bodhissatva of the Future". MFA Boston Collection. Archived from the original on 30 May 2021. Retrieved 17 Feb 2024.
- ^ a b Larking, Matthew (2017-05-23). "Kaikei: the name behind the gods". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ a b "JAANUS / Keiha 慶派". www.aisf.or.jp. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (1979). The samurai: A military history. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-620540-5.
- ^ Deal, William E. (2006). Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan. Facts on File library of world history. New York, NY: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5622-4.
- ^ a b c d e "Kaikei | Jizō, Bodhisattva of the Earth Store (Kshitigarbha) | Japan | Kamakura period (1185–1333)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ "The deities Brahma and Indra (Bonten and Taishakuten) - Collections - Asian Art Museum". Collections. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ "Scroll of the Miroku jôshô-kyô and the Hôkyôin darani originally enshrined in the statue of Miroku, Bodhisattva of the Future". MFA Boston Collections. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ Morse, Samuel C. (2020). "Kaikei, Chōkai, and the Sacred Image of Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera". Ars Orientalis. 50. doi:10.3998/ars.13441566.0050.014. hdl:2027/spo.13441566.0050.014. ISSN 2328-1286.
- ^ Kainuma, Yoshiko (2014). "Chōgen's Jōdoji Amida Triad and Its Environment: A Theatrical Effect of the "Raigō" Form". Artibus Asiae. 74 (1): 97–127. ISSN 0004-3648.
- ^ "Scroll of the Miroku jôshô-kyô and the Hôkyôin darani originally enshrined in the statue of Miroku, Bodhisattva of the Future". Museum of Fine Arts Collection. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ Davidson, J. LeRoy; Sickman, Laurence; Soper, Alexander; Paine, Robert Treat (1958). "The Art and Architecture of Japan". College Art Journal. 17 (3): 322. doi:10.2307/774007. ISSN 1543-6322.