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Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations

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Bosnian–Serbian relations
Map indicating locations of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbia

The modern-day countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia both originated from Yugoslavia. The majority of population in both countries speak one of the standard varieties of Serbo-Croatian and Serbia is one of the largest investors in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and are official candidate states for membership of the European Union.

History

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See also: Republika Srpska–Serbia relations

The beginnings of formal cooperation can be traced to the Bosnian War; Republika Srpska got support from Serbia.[1] At the Dayton Agreement, the President of the Republic of Serbia Slobodan Milošević represented the Bosnian Serb interests due to absence of Radovan Karadžić. The agreement ensured the right for entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish special parallel relationships with neighboring countries consistent with sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agreement on Special Parallel Relations was signed on February 28, 1997 and implemented December 15, 2010.[2]

On July 8, 2015, Russia vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution that would have condemned the Srebrenica massacre as a genocide. Lobbied by the Republika Srpska and Serbia, the veto was praised by Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić stating that Russia had "prevented an attempt of smearing the entire Serbian nation as genocidal" and proven itself as a true and honest friend.[3]

Invited by the Bosnian government to attend the annual Srebrenica Genocide Memorial, Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić accepted, travelling to Srebrenica on 11 July 2015 to pay his respects. He was attacked by a mob in the crowd with stones, bottles and other objects and had to flee the premise.[4]

In February 2021, Serbia donated 5,000 COVID-19 vaccines to Bosnia and Herzegovina.[5]

List of wars

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The Bosnian-Serbian war of 1349[a]–1351[b] was fought between the Banate of Bosnia (Kingdom of Hungary) and the Serbian Empire, and resulted in a Bosnian victory.[6]: 138–140 [7]

The First Serbian Uprising of 1806–1813 was fought between Bosnia Eyalet (Ottoman Empire) and Revolutionary Serbia[c] and resulted in an Ottoman victory.[8][9]: 1, 125 [10]: 119–225 

The Bosnian War of 1992–1995 was fought between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Serbia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia),[d] Republic of Serbia (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)[e] and resulted in a withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army.[11]: 85, 86 [12]: 18, 39 

Geography

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The two countries are located in the western Balkans and Southeastern Europe. They share 357 km of land boundary, partly (206 km) along the Drina.

Economy

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Serbia is the second top investor in Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to data spanning May 1994–December 2013.[citation needed]

Culture

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Serbs and Bosniaks ethnolinguistically belong to the South Slavic peoples.

Demographics

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Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina are one of the three constituent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina along with Bosniaks and Croats. They are the second largest ethnic group, numbering 1,086,733 (30.78%) according to the 2013 census. The community is concentrated in Republika Srpska (numbering 970,857; 82.95%), one of two entities making up BiH. Serbs are predominantly members of the Serbian Orthodox church.

Many Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina live in Serbia. Bosniaks of Serbia are a recognized minority of Serbia. They are the fourth largest ethnic group after Serbs, Hungarians and Roma, numbering 145,278 (2.02%) according to the 2011 census.[13] The community is concentrated in the region of Sandžak in southwestern Serbia. Bosniaks are predominantly of Sunni Muslim faith.

Resident diplomatic missions

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  • Embassy of Serbia in Sarajevo
    Embassy of Serbia in Sarajevo
  • Consulate-General of Serbia in Banja Luka
    Consulate-General of Serbia in Banja Luka
  • Consulate-General of Serbia in Mostar
    Consulate-General of Serbia in Mostar

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Nu u to već buknu očit rat medju Bosnom i Srbijom. ... Bilo je to negdje u drugoj polovici g 1349." [But in that already there arose a war between Bosnia and Serbia.] — Klaić 1882"
  2. ^ "Godinom 1351. utihnuše borbe medju Bosnom i Srbijom." [In the year 1351 the battles between Bosnia and Serbia quieted down.] — Klaić 1882
  3. ^ "Although initially a peasant rebellion against local janissaries, from 1805 on the Serbian uprising was increasingly national in character." — Baković 2006
  4. ^ "An official Note dated 27 April 1992 from the Permanent Mission of Yugoslavia to the United Nations, addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, stated inter alia that: '... the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is transformed into the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, consisting of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro.'" — ICJ 2007[11]
  5. ^ "Neither the Republika Srpska, nor the VRS were de jure organs of the FRY, since none of them had the status of organ of that State under its internal law." — ICJ 2007[11]

References

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  1. ^ Judah (2009). The Serbs. Yale University Press. pp. 222–224. ISBN 978-0-300-15826-7.
  2. ^ "Successful implementation of agreement on special, parallel relations :: EMG :: Business news from Serbia 2010". Archived from the original on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2011-02-25.
  3. ^ "Russia blocks U.N. condemnation of Srebrenica as a genocide". Reuters. 8 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-09. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  4. ^ "Serbia's president condemns 'savage' attack on PM at Srebrenica". The Guardian. 11 July 2015.
  5. ^ Војводине, Јавна медијска установа ЈМУ Радио-телевизија. "ФБИХ прихватила Вучићеву понуду - 5.000 вакцина". ЈМУ Радио-телевизија Војводине. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  6. ^ Klaić, Vjekoslav (1882). Poviest Bosne do Propasti kraljevstva (in Croatian). p. 140.
  7. ^ Bošnjak, Slavoljub (1851). Zemljopis i poviestnica Bosne (in Croatian).
  8. ^ Teinović, Bratislav M. (2020). "Преглед политичког живота у босанском ејалету (1804–1878)" [A review of the political life in the Bosnian eyalet (1804–1878)]. Kultura polisa. 17 (42): 137–154. eISSN 2812-9466. Без сумње, у Босни је почетак рата са Србијом и Црном Гором значио прекретницу у даљим унутрашњим политичким односима. [Without a doubt, in Bosnia the beginning of the war with Serbia and Montenegro marked a turning point in future internal political relations.]
  9. ^ Baković, Dušan T. (2006). "A Balkan-Style French Revolution? The 1804 Serbian Uprising in European Perspective". Balcanica: Annual of the Institute for Balkan Studies. 36: 113–128. ISSN 2406-0801. The resounding victory of 12,000 Serbians over the powerful 20,000-strong army of Bosnian beys at the Battle of Mišar in 1806 raised hopes among Serbian peasants in Bosnia that Ottoman rule might be replaced by that of Karageorge's Serbia.
  10. ^ Bašagić, Safvet-beg (1900). "Kratka uputa u prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine, od g. 1463-1850". Internet Archive (in Bosnian).
  11. ^ a b c "ICJ: The genocide case: Bosnia v. Serbia – See Part VI – Entities involved in the events 235–241" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2015. As regards the relationship between the armies of the FRY and the Republika Srpska, the Yugoslav Peoples' Army (JNA) of the SFRY had, during the greater part of the period of existence of the SFRY, been effectively a federal army, composed of soldiers from all the constituent republics of the Federation, with no distinction between different ethnic and religious groups. It is however contended by the Applicant that even before the break-up of the SFRY arrangements were being made to transform the JNA into an effectively Serb army. ... on 8 May 1992, all JNA troops who were not of Bosnian origin were withdrawn from Bosnia-Herzegovina. However, JNA troops of Bosnian Serb origin who were serving in Bosnia and Herzegovina were transformed into, or joined, the army of the Republika Srpska (the VRS) which was established on 12 May 1992 ... the Respondent does not deny the fact of these developments ...
  12. ^ Patrick, Charles R. (1994). "Tactics of the Serb and Bosnian-Serb armies and territorial militias". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 7 (1) (published 2007-12-18): 16–43. doi:10.1080/13518049408430131. ISSN 1351-8046. The last two years have witnessed the end of Yugoslavia as a nation and its military organizations. The FJNA and the FTDF are gone; the armies and militia of the FY republics have risen in their place. Serb and Bosnian-Serb armed forces, although much smaller, appear almost identical to that of the FJNA. The militia forces of these two countries appear to be mobilized units of the FTDF. ... According to open-press reporting, the Serbian and Bosnian-Serbian Armies force structure remains unchanged from that of the FJNA.
  13. ^ "РЗС | Резултати извештаја". Archived from the original on 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
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