Bolma rugosa

Bolma rugosa
	A shell of Bolma rugosa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Vetigastropoda
Order:	Trochida
Superfamily:	Trochoidea
Family:	Turbinidae
Genus:	Bolma
Species:	B. rugosa
Binomial name
	Bolma rugosa; (Linnaeus, 1767)
Synonyms
	Astraea rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767); Astraea rugosa granuloides Nordsieck, 1982; Astralium (Bolma) rugosum (Linnaeus, 1767); Cookia granuloides Nordsieck, F., 1982; Solarium calcar O. Costa, 1861; Trochus solaris Brocchi, 1814; Turbo armatus Dillwyn, 1817; Turbo rugosus Linnaeus, 1767 (original combination); Turbo rugosus var. asdiuca de Gregorio, 1885; Turbo rugosus var. asus de Gregorio, 1885; Turbo rugosus var. pera de Gregorio, 1885;

Bolma rugosa is a species of large sea snail in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. It occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea.^[1]

Description

The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 70 mm. The solid, imperforate shell has a conic shape. It is brown or cinereous. The suture is canaliculate, bordered below by a series of curved radiating tubercles. The 6-7 whorls are obliquely lamellose striate. The upper ones are carinate and tuberculate or spinose at the periphery. The body whorl descends rounded or bicarinate and is spirally lirate. The base of the shell is conspicuously radiately striate. The aperture is obliquely, transversely oval, and pearly within. The columella is arched, white and pearly, with an orange callus dilated over the umbilical region and extending over the parietal wall. The operculum is short-oval, brown within, with four whorls, the nucleus situated one-third the distance across the face. Outsideit is bright orange, polished, with a spiral callous ridge.^[2]

Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Portugal, Western Sahara, the Canary Islands, Cape Verdes, Madeira, the Azores; in the Mediterranean Sea (off Greece, Sicily and the north of Catalonia).

References

^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (described as Astralium (Bolma) rugosum)

Brocchi G. B., 1814: Conchiologia fossile subappenninica con osservazioni geologiche sugli Appennini e sul suolo adiacente; Milano Vol. I: pp. LXXX + 56 + 240. Vol. II: pp. 241–712. Con 16 tavol
Nordsieck F., 1982: Die europäischen Meeres-Gehäuseschnecken. 2. Auflage; Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 539 pp., 38 pl
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

[WoRMS-1] Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 17 June 2024.

[2] G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (described as Astralium (Bolma) rugosum)

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