Boletus barrowsii
| Boletus barrowsii | |
|---|---|
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| Boletus barrowsii, San Luis Obispo County, California | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | Boletus |
| Species: | B. barrowsii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Boletus barrowsii | |
Boletus barrowsii | |
|---|---|
 | Pores on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is olive |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is choice |
Boletus barrowsii, also known in English as the white king bolete after its pale colored cap, is an edible and highly regarded fungus in the genus Boletus that inhabits western North America. Found under ponderosa pine and live oak in autumn, it was considered a color variant of the similarly edible B. edulis for many years.[1][2]
Description
[edit]The cap is 5–25 centimetres (2–10 inches) in diameter, initially convex in shape before flattening, with a smooth or slightly tomentose surface, and gray-white, white or buff color. The thick flesh is white and does not turn blue when bruised. The pores are initially whitish, later yellow. The spore print is olive brown, the spores are elliptical to spindle-shaped and 13–15 x 4–5 μm in dimensions. The stout stipe is white with a brown reticulated pattern, and may be 6–20 cm (2+1⁄2–8 in) high with an apical diameter of 2–6 cm (1–2 in).[3] Like B. edulis, it is often found eaten by maggots.[1] It has a strong odor while drying.[4]
Similar species
[edit]In addition to B. edulis,[2] the species could also be confused with the similarly pale-capped B. satanas, though the flesh of the latter stains blue when cut or bruised, and it has a reddish stem and pores. The latter species is poisonous when raw.
Taxonomy
[edit]The species was officially described by American mycologists Harry D. Thiers and Alexander H. Smith in 1976 from a specimen collected near Jacob Lake, Arizona, on August 21, 1971, by amateur mycologist Charles "Chuck" Barrows, who had studied the mushroom in New Mexico. It was previously held to be a white colour form of B. edulis.[2] A 2010 molecular study found that B. barrowsii was sister to a lineage that gave rise to the species B. quercophilus of Costa Rica and B. nobilissimus of eastern North America.[5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The white king bolete is ectomycorrhizal, found under ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) inland, and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) closer to the west coast. Fruit bodies appear after rain, and will be more abundant if this occurs in early autumn rather than later in the year through to winter. It is abundant in the warmer parts of its range, namely Arizona and New Mexico, but also occurs in Colorado, west into California[1] and north to British Columbia.[6] It has been recorded from the San Marcos Foothills in Santa Barbara County.[7]
Uses
[edit]The species is edible and highly regarded in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado, and was eaten for many years while assumed to be a form of B. edulis.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 529. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
- ^ a b c Thiers HD, Smith AH (1976). "Boletes of the Southwestern United States". Mycotaxon. 3 (2): 261–73.
- ^ Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (2016). Mushrooms of the Redwood Coast. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 425. ISBN 9781607748175.
- ^ Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
- ^ Dentinger BT, Ammirati JF, Both EE, Desjardin DE, Halling RE, Henkel TW, Moreau PA, Nagasawa E, Soytong K, Taylor AF, Watling R, Moncalvo JM, McLaughlin DJ (2010). "Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (3): 1276–92. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.10.004. PMID 20970511. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-23.
- ^ "eflora atlas of BC". 2020.
- ^ Holmgren M, Stone T, Kelly M (2001). "A Plan for the Preservation and Stewardship of San Marcos Foothills Coalition, Santa Barbara, California" (PDF). Santa Barbara: San Marcos Foothills Coalition. pp. 1–94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-03-12.