Bipedidae

Bipedidae; Temporal range: Early Eocene – Present, 55–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Mexican mole lizard (Bipes biporus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Clade:	Amphisbaenia
Family:	Bipedidae; Taylor, 1951
Genera
	†Anniealexandria; Bipes

Bipedidae is a family of amphisbaenians that includes the extant genus Bipes represented by three species from Baja California and the southern coast of Mexico and the extinct genus Anniealexandria represented by one species that lived in what is now Wyoming during the earliest Eocene around 55 million years ago. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Bipedidae is most closely related to the family Blanidae, which includes the living genus Blanus.^[1]^[2]

Bipedidae are very small, usually ranging from 120 to 240 mm. They lack external hind limbs and are the only amphisbaenians with well-developed fossorial front limbs, which each include five claws.^[3] They have a short tail that does not regenerate if lost. They use their blunt head for burrowing by ramming it into the soil, and usually prey on arthropods.^[4]

References

^ Pough, F. Harvey (2016). Herpetology (Fourth ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates Inc. pp. 134–135.
^ Longrich, N. R.; Vinther, J.; Pyron, R. A.; Pisani, D.; Gauthier, J. A. (2015). "Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1806): 20143034. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034. PMC 4426617. PMID 25833855.
^ Mahrdt, Clark R.; Beaman, Kent R.; Valdez-Villavicencio, J. H.; Papenfuss, T. J. (2022). "Bipes biporus". Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 930: 1–39. doi:10.26153/tsw/43133. hdl:2152/116238. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
^ Vitt, Laurie J.; Janalee P. Caldwell (2014). Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles (4th ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7. OCLC 839312807.

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[1] Pough, F. Harvey (2016). Herpetology (Fourth ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates Inc. pp. 134–135.

[LVPPG15-2] Longrich, N. R.; Vinther, J.; Pyron, R. A.; Pisani, D.; Gauthier, J. A. (2015). "Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1806): 20143034. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034. PMC 4426617. PMID 25833855.

[3] Mahrdt, Clark R.; Beaman, Kent R.; Valdez-Villavicencio, J. H.; Papenfuss, T. J. (2022). "Bipes biporus". Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 930: 1–39. doi:10.26153/tsw/43133. hdl:2152/116238. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

[4] Vitt, Laurie J.; Janalee P. Caldwell (2014). Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles (4th ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7. OCLC 839312807.

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