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Bibliography of water clocks

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This is a bibliography of water clocks.

Overview of water clocks and other time instruments

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  • Barnett, Jo Ellen (1998). Time's Pendulum: From Sundials to Atomic Clocks, the Fascinating History of Timekeeping and How Our Discoveries Changed the World. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 0-15-600649-9.
  • Bruton, Eric (1979). The History of Clocks and Watches. Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-0261-2.
  • Cowan, Harrison J. (1958). Time and Its Measurement: From the stone age to the nuclear age. Ohio: The World Publishing Company. Bibcode:1958tmfs.book.....C.
  • Dohrn-van Rossum, Gerhard (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas. The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-15510-2. OCLC 33440282.
  • Higgins, K.; Miner, D.; Smith, C.N.; Sullivan, D.B. (2004). "A Walk Through Time (version 1.2.1)". Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  • Jespersen, James; Fitz-Randolph, Jane (1999). From Sundials to Atomic Clocks: Understanding Time and Frequency (Second revised ed.). Courier Corporation. ISBN 0-486-40913-9.
  • King, David A. (July 2004). "Towards a History from Antiquity to the Renaissance of Sundials and Other Instruments for Reckoning Time by the Sun and Stars". Annals of Science. 61 (3): 375–388. doi:10.1080/00033790310001642795..
  • Landes, D (1983). Revolution in Time. Harvard University Press.
  • McNown, J.S. (1976). "When Time Flowed: The Story of the Clepsydra". La Houille Blanche. 62 (5): 347–353. Bibcode:1976LHBl...62..347M. doi:10.1051/lhb/1976021. ISSN 0018-6368.
  • Milham, Willis I. (1945). Time & Timekeepers including The History, Construction, Care, and Accuracy of Clocks and Watches. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  • Rees, Abraham (1970). Rees's Clocks, Watches, and Chronometers 1819–20. Charles E. Tuttle Company.
  • Richards, E.G. (1998). Mapping Time: The Calendar and Its History. Oxford University Press.
  • Toulmin, Stephen; Goodhead, J. (1999). The Discovery of Time. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-80842-4.
  • Turner, Anthony J. (1984). The Time Museum. Vol. I: Time Measuring Instruments, Part 3: Water-clocks, Sand-glasses, Fire-clocks. Rockford, IL: The Museum. ISBN 0-912947-01-2. OCLC 159866762.

Arabic & Islamic water clocks

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Babylonian water clocks

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Chinese water clocks

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  • Lorch, Richard P. (June 1981). "Al-Khazini's Balance-clock and the Chinese Steelyard Clepsydra". Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences. 31: 183–189.
  • Needham, Joseph; Ling, W.; de Solla Price, D.J. (1986). Heavenly Clockwork: The Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China (2nd ed.). CUP Archive. ISBN 0-521-32276-6.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science & Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books.
  • Needham, Joseph (1995). Science & Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05801-5. OCLC 153247126.
  • Needham, Joseph (2000). Science & Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05803-1. OCLC 153247141.
  • Quan, He Jun (November 13–16, 1985). "Research on scale and precision of the water clock in ancient China". In G. Swarup; A. K. Bag; K. S. Shukla (eds.). History of Oriental Astronomy. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Colloquium No. 91, New Delhi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (published 1987). pp. 57–61. ISBN 0-521-34659-2.
  • Walsh, Jennifer Robin (May 21, 2004). Ancient Chinese Astronomical Technologies. American Physical Society, 6th Annual Northwest Section Meeting, 21–22 May 2004 (Poster). Pullman, WA.

Egyptian water clocks

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  • Clagett, Marshall (1995). Ancient Egyptian Science. Vol. II: Calendars, Clocks, and Astronomy. American Philosophical Society. pp. 457–462. ISBN 0-87169-214-7.
  • Cotterell, B.; Dickson, F.P.; Kamminga, J. (1986). "Ancient Egyptian Water-clocks: A Reappraisal". Journal of Archaeological Science. 13 (1): 31–50. Bibcode:1986JArSc..13...31C. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(86)90025-7.
  • Cotterell, Brian; Kamminga, Johan (1990). Mechanics of pre-industrial technology: An introduction to the mechanics of ancient and traditional material culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42871-8. OCLC 18520966.
  • Fermor, John (1997). "Timing the Sun in Egypt and Mesopotamia". Vistas in Astronomy. 41 (1): 157–167. Bibcode:1997VA.....41..157F. doi:10.1016/S0083-6656(96)00069-4.
  • Neugebauer, Otto; Parker, Richard A. (1969). Egyptian Astronomical Texts. Vol. III: Decans, Planets, Constellations, and Zodiacs. Providence, RI: Brown University Press/Lund Humphries.
  • Pogo, Alexander (1936). "Egyptian water clocks". Isis. 25 (2): 403–425. doi:10.1086/347090. S2CID 122385803. (Reprinted in Mayr, Otto, ed. (1976). Philosophers and Machines. Science History Publications.)
  • Sloley, R.W. (1924). "Ancient Clepsydrae". Ancient Egypt: 43–50.
  • Sloley, R.W. (1931). "Primitive methods of measuring time". JEA. 17: 174–176.

European water clocks

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  • Bedini, S.A. (1962). "The Compartmented Cylindrical Clepsydra". Technology and Culture. 3 (2): 115–141. doi:10.2307/3101437. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3101437. S2CID 112844914.
  • Drover, C.B. (1954). "A Medieval Monastic Water Clock". Antiquarian Horology. I (5): 54–58.
  • Hill, Donald Routledge (1996). A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. La Salle, IL: Open Court. ISBN 0-415-15291-7.
  • Hill, D.R (1994). "The Toledo Water-Clocks of c.1075". History of Technology. 16: 62–71.
  • Maddison, Francis; Scott, Byan; Kent, Allan (1962). "An early medieval water-clock". Antiquarian Horology. 3, n. 12: 348–353.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Scattergood, John. (October 2003). "Writing the clock: the reconstruction of time in the late Middle Ages". European Review. 11 (4): 453–474. doi:10.1017/S1062798703000425. S2CID 145056908.

Greek and Alexandrian water clocks

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  • Hill, Donald Routledge, ed. (1976). Archimedes' On the Construction of Water-Clocks. Paris: Turner & Devereux.
  • Lepschy, Antonio M. (February 1992). "Feedback Control in Ancient Water and Mechanical Clocks". IEEE Transactions on Education. 35 (1): 3–10. Bibcode:1992ITEdu..35....3L. doi:10.1109/13.123411.
  • Lewis, Michael (2000). "Theoretical Hydraulics, Automata, and Water Clocks". In Wikander, Örjan (ed.). Handbook of Ancient Water Technology. Technology and Change in History. Vol. 2. Leiden. pp. 343–369 (356f.). ISBN 90-04-11123-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Noble, J.V.; de Solla Price, D. J. (1968). "The Water clock in the Tower of the Winds". American Journal of Archaeology. 72 (4): 345–355. doi:10.2307/503828. JSTOR 503828. S2CID 193112893.
  • The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria. Translated by Woodcroft, Bennet. London: Taylor Walton and Maberly. 1851. Bibcode:1851phal.book.....W.
  • Vitruvius, P. (1960). The Ten Books on Architecture. Translated by Morgan, M.H. New York: Dover Publications.

Indian water clocks

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Korean water clocks

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  • Hong, Sungook (July 1998). "Book Review: Korean Water-Clocks: "Chagyongnu", the Striking Clepsydra, and the History of Control and Instrumentation Engineering". Technology and Culture. 39 (3): 553–555.
  • Nam, Moon-Hyon (1990). "Chagyongnu: The Automatic Striking Water clock". Korea Journal. 30 (7): 9–21.
  • Nam, Moon-Hyon; Jeon, San-Woon (October 6–11, 1993). Timekeeping Systems of Early Choson Dynasty. First International Conference on Oriental Astronomy, From Guo Shoujing to King Sejong, Seoul. Seoul: Yonsei University Press (published 1997). pp. 305–324.
  • Needham, Joseph; Major, John S.; Lu, Gwei-Djen (1986). Hall of Heavenly Records: Korean Astronomical Instruments and Clocks, 1380–1780. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30368-0.
  • From the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty:
    • Hyeonjong Shillock (Veritable Records of King Hyeonjong), 1669
    • Jungjong Shillok (Veritable Records of King Jungjong), 1536.
    • Sejong Shillock (Veritable Records of King Sejong), Chapter. 65, AD 1434 and Chapter. 80, AD 1438.

Mesopotamian water clocks

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  • Brown, David R.; Fermor, John; Walker, Christopher B.F. (1999–2000). "The Water Clock in Mesopotamia". Archiv für Orientforschung (46/47).
  • Chadwick, R. (1984). "The Origins of Astronomy and Astrology in Mesopotamia". Archaeoastronomy. BULL. CTR ARCH. 7 (1–4): 89. Bibcode:1984Arch....7...89C.
  • Fermor, John (1997). "Timing the Sun in Egypt and Mesopotamia". Vistas in Astronomy. 41 (1): 157–167. Bibcode:1997VA.....41..157F. doi:10.1016/S0083-6656(96)00069-4.
  • Walker, Christopher; Britton, John (1996). "Astronomy and Astrology in Mesopotamia". In Walker, C. (ed.). Astronomy Before the Telescope. London: British Museum Press. pp. 42–67.

Russian ancient water clocks

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Present-day water clocks

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  • Gitton, Bernard (June 1989). ""Time, like an everflowing stream." Trans. Mlle. Annie Chadeyron. Ed. Anthony Randall". Horological Journal. 131 (12): 18–20.
  • Taylor, Robert (March 15, 2006). "Taiwan's Biggest Cuckoo Clock?: Recreating an Astronomical Timepiece". Sinorama Magazine. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  • Xuan, Gao (August 18–21, 2003). Principle Research and Reconstruction Experiment of the Astronomical Clock Tower in Ancient China. 11th World Congress in Mechanism and machine Science. Tianjin, China.
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Non-English resources

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  • Bilfinger, Gustav (1888). Die babylonische Doppelstunde: Eine chronologische Untersuchung (in German). Stuttgart: Wildt.
  • Borchardt, Ludwig (1920). Die Altägyptische Zeitmessung [Old Egyptian time measurement] (in German). Berlin: Leipzig.
  • Daressy, G. (1915). "Deux clepsydres antiques". BIE (in French). 5 (9): 5–16.
  • Ginzel, Friedrich Karl (1920). "Die Wassermessungen der Babylonier und das Sexagesimalsystem". Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschichte (in German). 16: 234–241.
  • Hahn, Young-Ho; Nam, Moon-Hyon (1997). "Reconstruction of the Armillary Spheres of Mid-Chosun: The Armillary Clocks of Yi Minchol". Hanguk Kwahaksa Hakhoeji (Journal of the Korean History of Science Society) (in Korean). 19 (1): 3–19.
  • Hahn, Young-Ho (2000). "Astronomical Clocks of Chosun Dynasty: King Sejong's Heumgyonggaknu". Kisulgwa Yoksa (Journal of the Korean Society for the History of Technology and Industry) (in Korean). 1 (1): 99–140.
  • Nam, Moon-Hyon (1995). Korean Water Clocks: Jagyongnu, The Striking Clepsydra and The History of Control and Instrumentation Engineering (in Korean). Seoul: Konkuk University Press.
  • Nam, Moon-Hyon (1998). "On the BORUGAKGI of Kim Don—Principles and Structures of JAYEONGNU". Hanguksa Yeongu (Studies on Korean History) (in Korean). 101: 75–114.
  • Nam, Moon-Hyon (2002). Jang Yeong-Shil and Jagyeongnu – Reconstruction of Time Measuring History of Choseon Period (in Korean). Seoul National University Press.
  • Planchon. "L'Heure Par Les Clepsydres". La Nature (in French): 55–59.
  • Thureau-Dangin, François (1932). "La clepsydre chez les Babyloniens (Notes assyriologiques LXIX)". Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale (in French). 29: 133–136.
  • Thureau-Dangin, François (1933). "Clepsydre babylonienne et clepsydre égyptienne". Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale (in French). 30: 51–52.
  • Thureau-Dangin, François (1937). "Le clepsydre babylonienne". Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale (in French). 34: 144.
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