Bhatner fort
| Bhatner fort | |
|---|---|
| Hanumangarh in India | |
 Entrance to the fort | |
  Bhatner fort  Bhatner fort  Bhatner fort | |
| Coordinates | 29°35′11″N 74°19′31″E / 29.5863°N 74.3254°E |
| Type | Fort |
| Area | 52 bighas |
| Site information | |
| Owner | S Parmar |
| Site history | |
| Built | 295 |
| Built by | Bhupat |
| Materials | Bricks |
The Bhatner Fort / Hanumangarh Fort was built by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs, and established Hanumangarh in Rajasthan, India, about 419 km northwest of Jaipur along the old Multan-Delhi route and 230 km north-east of Bikaner. Another name of Hanumangarh was Bhatner, which means "fortress of the Bhati". Believed to be 1700 years old, it is considered to be one of the oldest forts of India.[1]
History
[edit]The ancient fort was built by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs, situated on the bank of River Ghaggar, which was repaired between 255 AD to 285 AD by the King Bhupat of Bhati Dynasty.[2][3][4][5] There he constructed a safe castle for himself which came to be known as Bhatner. The entire fort is built of bricks, covering an area of 52 bighas. It is in the shape of a parallelogram, with a dozen bastions on each side. Painted Grey Ware (circa 1100-800 BCE) and Rang-Mahal Ware (1st-3rd century CE) have been found in wells situated along the wall.
In the middle of the thirteenth century CE, Sher Suri (or Sher Khan, not to be confused with the much later Sher Shah Suri), a cousin or nephew of Balban (the Sultan of Delhi), was governor in these parts of the country. He is said to have carried out repairs to the forts of Bhatinda and Bhatner. In 1391, Bhatner was wrested by Timur by defeating Bhatti King Rao Doolchand. A mention has been made in "Tuzuk-e-Timuri" (Autobiography of Timur) about this fort and he stated this fort one of the strongest and secured fort of India.[6] During the Timurid invasion of India in 1398, Timur took 10,000 soldiers from his main army of 150,000 which was advancing towards Delhi under his grandson and laid siege to Bhatner fort, he captured the Bhatner fort, sacked the city and destroyed its fortifications. Also Akbar the Great described it in his book "Ain-I-Akbari".[6] Subsequently, the fort appears to have been held by Bhatis, Johiyas and Chayals until 1527 when it was taken by Rao Jet Singh of Bikaner.[6] After that, it came twice under Mughal control as well, in addition to being the possession of the royal families of Chayals and Bikaner. Researchers believe that the famous Second Battle of Tarain fought between Mohammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan is the present Talwara Jheel area of the district. This fort stands in the path of invasion of India from Central Asia and had acted as a strong barricade against the attack of enemies. Finally in the year of 1805, it was captured by Soorat Singh of Bikaner and remained with it until the formation of Rajasthan.[6] Since the day of victory was Tuesday (known as day of the Hindu God Hanuman), so he named Bhatner as Hanumangarh.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Hanumangarh (India) - Encyclopædia Britannica". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ "भटनेर दुर्ग: हिन्दुस्तान का सबसे पुराना और मजबूत किला, रजिया सुल्तान भी रही थी यहां कैद, PHOTOS". News18India. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ "1700 साल पुराना भारत का वो किला, जिसपर हुए हैं सबसे ज्यादा बार आक्रमण". Amar Ujala. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ "हिन्दुस्तान के इस किले पर हुए हैं सबसे ज्यादा बार आक्रमण, 1700 साल पुराना है इस दुर्ग का इतिहास". Tv9hindi.com. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ "1700 year old fort of India, which has been attacked the most". News Track. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d "History|Hanumangarh Rajasthan, Hanumangarh-Rajasthan". Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- Archaeological Survey of India
- The Rajputana gazetteers. 1879.
Bhatner Fort is of some historical interest, having at various times been captured by Mahmúd Ghaznavi, Taimur, and Kámrán, the son of Humayún. It appears to have been granted to Rái Singh of Bikanir by the Emperor Akbár.
- Sudhir Ranjan Das (1972), An Approach to Indian Archaeology, Volume 1, Pilgrim Publishers,
The well-known medieval Bhatner fort, near Hanumangarh, actually stands on a high mound, the lower levels of which revealed prehistoric remains. Four miles to the east of Hanumangarh, the Bhadrakali mound rises up to a height of 43 ft.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090505194825/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/places_of_interest.html