Beulah Mae Donald
Beulah Mae Donald | |
|---|---|
 Donald in 1981 | |
| Born | October 10, 1920 DeLisle, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died | September 17, 1988 (aged 67) Mobile, Alabama, U.S. |
| Known for | Successfully suing the Ku Klux Klan |
| Children | 7, including Michael Donald |
Beulah Mae Donald (October 10, 1920 – September 17, 1988) was an African-American woman who successfully sued the Ku Klux Klan after her son, Michael Donald, was lynched.
Early and personal life
[edit]Donald was born on October 10, 1920[1][2] in DeLisle, Mississippi, to Marion Gregory, a worker in a saw mill, and Mary Gregory, a laundress. The youngest child in a family of eight children, she helped her family and was raised as a devout member of the Southern Baptist Convention. Donald moved to Mobile, Alabama, with her family, where she became pregnant in tenth grade and was forced to leave school and work in a hotel. By the 1960s, she had two children and was living as a divorced single mother.[3][4]
Early in that decade she met David Donald and the two were soon married. They had five children before divorcing after David moved to New York City. Beulah initially moved with him but returned to Mobile after several years to care for her parents.[3][4]
Lawsuit against the Ku Klux Klan
[edit]On March 21, 1981, Beulah's youngest child, Michael Donald, was lynched by members of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK);[5][6][7]: 232 he was beaten and choked, had his throat slit, and was hanged from a tree. While some authorities initially argued that his killing was not connected to the KKK and may have instead been motivated by a drug deal or affair, Donald disagreed and set out to clear Michael's name.[3] When the investigation stalled in the summer of 1981, protests were organized to urge its continuation.[3] Two years later two men were convicted of murdering Michael.[3]
After the lynching, Donald was approached by a lawyer working for the Southern Poverty Law Center, Morris Dees, who suggested suing the KKK. Donald agreed and became part of in the lawsuit,[3] which was filed in her name in 1984.[7]: 232 [8] It targeted Unit 900 of the KKK, which was considered "one of the largest and most violent of the groups".[4] Dees later described Donald's involvement as "critical to the case". Donald refused to settle for $1 million and pushed for a full trial.[3] During the trials following her son's death, Donald opposed the death penalty and told a Klansman: "I do forgive you. From the day I found out who you all was, I asked God to take care of y'all, and he has."[7]: 233 On February 12, 1987, after six years, a $7 million judgment was passed in her favor[3] by an all-white jury.[1] Unit 900 was forced to file for bankruptcy and by November 1987 Donald had received none of the money.[4] Donald told the press that "I wanted to be assured ... I wasn't even thinking about the money. If I hadn't gotten a cent, it wouldn't have mattered. I wanted to know how and why they did it."[9] Donald's attorney, Michael Figures, said that she represented "the rock on which all of this was ultimately built".[10]
Ms. named her one of the 1987 women of the year and Essence gave her an award the following year.[11] She received a Candace Award in 1988.[12]
Death
[edit]Donald died of natural causes[13] on September 17, 1988, in a Mobile hospital.[3][4] The lawsuit was the first time that the KKK was held financially liable for actions that its members had taken.[7]: 232 When she died, Donald had no will, and two of her daughters oversaw her estate.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Kornbluth, Jesse (November 1, 1987). "The Woman Who Beat The Klan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ "Beulah M Donald in Social Security Death Index". Fold3. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Smith, Jessie Carney (1992). "Beulah Mae Donald". Notable Black American Women. VNR AG. pp. 184–185. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2.
- ^ a b c d e Aue, Pamela Willwerth (2018). "Donald, Beulah Mae 1920–1988". In Mazurkiewicz, Margaret (ed.). Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 142. Gale. pp. 44–46.
- ^ Daniel M. Gold (October 12, 2008). "In the Bad Old Days, Not So Very Long Ago". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ Daniel M. Gold (October 12, 2008). "In the Bad Old Days, Not So Very Long Ago". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Lincoln, C. Eric; Mamiya, Lawrence H.; Mamiya, Lawrence H. (November 7, 1990). The Black Church in the African American Experience. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1073-0.
- ^ Serwer, Adam (January 9, 2017). "Jeff Sessions Said He 'Prosecuted the Head of the Klan.' Here's What Actually Happened". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ "Woman Who Won $7 Million Judgment Against Klan Dies". AP NEWS. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ Marshall, Marilyn (March 1988). "The Black Woman Who Beat the Ku Klux Klan". Ebony. 43: 148.
- ^ "1988 Essence Awards: Beulah Mae Donald". Essence. 19: 72. October 1988.
- ^ "Baileys Honors Outstanding Black Women Of 1988". The Atlanta Voice. July 30, 1988. p. 7. Retrieved January 23, 2021 – via Newspapers.com
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- ^ "Beulah Mae Donald, who won a $7 million judgment..." UPI. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
- ^ Jet. Johnson Publishing Company. April 24, 1989. p. 12.
