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Bette Otto-Bliesner

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Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
Born
Bette Lou Otto

1950
Chicago, Illinois[1]
Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
Scientific career
InstitutionsNational Center for Atmospheric Research
ThesisThe dynamics of seasonal change of the long waves as deduced from a low-order general cirulation model (1980)

Bette Otto-Bliesner is an earth scientist known for her modeling of Earth's past climate and its changes over different geological eras.

Education and career

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Otto-Bliesner graduated from William Fremd High School in Palatine, Illinois in 1968.[2] She has a B.S. in meteorology from the University of Madison-Wisconsin (1972).[1] In 1974, she earned her M.S. from University of Wisconsin - Madison with a thesis titled "Isentropically time-averaged mass circulations in the Northern Hemisphere".[3] She earned her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1980,[4] and was an associate scientist there from 1980 to 1986.[5] After two years as a contract scientist at ARC Technologies, Otto-Bliesner joined the Department of Geology at the University of Texas at Arlington where she worked from 1990 to 1996. She joined the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in 1997 where she was promoted to senior scientist in 2007.[5]

Otto-Bliesner has worked on multiple chapters in the Assessment Review reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an organization which was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for its long series of such reports.[6][7] She was one of the 16 lead authors on the 2007 chapter on "Paleoclimate".[8] She was one of the 17 lead authors on the 2013 chapter on "Information from the Paleoclimate Archives".[9]

Research

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Otto-Bliesner's research connects paleogeographic information with global climate models. Through this approach, she has examined interactions between continental weathering and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in the period from 570 to 425 million years ago,[10] revealed that deciduous forests help regulate temperatures in the Cretaceous period,[11] and identified factors leading to the persistence of snow on continental ice sheets.[12] Her modeling work has also assessed temporal variability in El Niño/La Niña cycles[13][14] and regional summer monsoons.[15] Through models jointly considering atmospheric conditions and the ocean, Otto-Bliesner's research has linked deep ocean circulation and global climate in the late Cretaceous (80 million years ago)[16] and the Last Glacial Maximum.[17][18][19][20] This research focus has revealed that changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are linked freshwater input into the ocean[21][22] and the Bølling-Allerød warming at the end of the last glacial period.[23] Through a combination of direct sampling and modeling, her research has detailed the forcing that led to the Little Ice Age.[24][25] In polar regions, Otto-Bliesner has modeled variability in Arctic temperatures[26] which result in the retreat[27] or collapse[28] of polar ice sheets followed by increases in sea level.[29][30]

Otto-Bliesner also works on developing the methods used to establish climate models and through this has enabled low-resolution depictions of atmospheric conditions that can be coupled with high-resolution circulation models.[31][32] Through collaborative analysis of the effectiveness of climate models, Otto-Bliesner has examined the connections between greenhouse gasses and global warming,[33][34] she has weighed the impact of the sun, volcanic ash, and greenhouse gasses on temperatures on Earth[35] and she participated in projects that evaluate climate models through comparisons with paleoclimate data.[36][37][38] Most recently, she helped establish the framework of the Community Earth System Model that links model forcing parameters with data from the last thousand years.[39]

In 2020, Jiang Zhu, Christopher Poulsen, and Otto-Bliesner published an analysis of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) which revealed that the model is overly sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and produces higher surface temperatures than would be predicted when the model is validated using historical data.[40][41] The next IPCC assessment report will use CMIP6 in its predictions of future climate change, Otto-Bliesner noted "Figuring out whether the high climate sensitivity in CMIP6 models is realistic is of tremendous importance for us to anticipate future warming and to make adaptation plans”.[42]

Selected publications

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Scholia has a profile for Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner (Q58065209).

Awards and honors

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  • One of the 16 lead authors for one chapter of the 2007 IPCC Assessment Report, and one of the 17 lead authors for a chapter in the 2013 report. This series of Reports received the Nobel Peace Prize (2007)[5]
  • Fellow, American Geophysical Union (2015)[43]
  • Fellow, American Meteorological Society (2016)
  • Emiliani Lecture, American Geophysical Union (2016)[44]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Bette Otto-Bliesner". Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  2. ^ Yumpu.com. "2008 Distinguished Graduates Senior Pictures Welcome to the ..." yumpu.com. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  3. ^ Otto, Bette Lou (1974). Isentropically time-averaged mass circulations in the northern hemisphere (M.S.). 1974. OCLC 53790819.
  4. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette Lou (1980). The dynamics of seasonal change of the long waves as deduced from a low-order general cirulation model (Thesis). OCLC 858395483.
  5. ^ a b c "Otto-Bliesner CV" (PDF). September 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-28.
  6. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2021-06-28. the scientific reports it has issued over the past two decades
  7. ^ "IPCC Authors (beta)". archive.ipcc.ch. Retrieved 2021-06-29..
  8. ^ "Chapter 6: Palaeoclimate - AR4 WGI". archive.ipcc.ch. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  9. ^ "Information from the paleoclimate archives" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-06.
  10. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. (1995). "Continental drift, runoff, and weathering feedbacks: Implications from climate model experiments". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 100 (D6): 11537–11548. Bibcode:1995JGR...10011537O. doi:10.1029/95JD00591. ISSN 2156-2202.
  11. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Upchurch, Garland R. (1997). "Vegetation-induced warming of high-latitude regions during the Late Cretaceous period". Nature. 385 (6619): 804–807. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..804O. doi:10.1038/385804a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4244713.
  12. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. (1996). "Initiation of a continental ice sheet in a global climate model (GENESIS)". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 101 (D12): 16909–16920. Bibcode:1996JGR...10116909O. doi:10.1029/96JD01161. ISSN 2156-2202.
  13. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. (1999). "El Niño/La Niña and Sahel precipitation during the Middle Holocene". Geophysical Research Letters. 26 (1): 87–90. Bibcode:1999GeoRL..26...87O. doi:10.1029/1998GL900236. ISSN 1944-8007.
  14. ^ Meehl, G. A.; Gent, P. R.; Arblaster, J. M.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Brady, E. C.; Craig, A. (2001-04-01). "Factors that affect the amplitude of El Nino in global coupled climate models". Climate Dynamics. 17 (7): 515–526. Bibcode:2001ClDy...17..515M. doi:10.1007/PL00007929. ISSN 1432-0894. S2CID 129003858.
  15. ^ Liu, Z.; Otto-Bliesner, B.; Kutzbach, J.; Li, L.; Shields, C. (2003-08-01). "Coupled Climate Simulation of the Evolution of Global Monsoons in the Holocene". Journal of Climate. 16 (15): 2472–2490. Bibcode:2003JCli...16.2472L. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<2472:CCSOTE>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0894-8755.
  16. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Brady, Esther C.; Shields, Christine (2002). "Late Cretaceous ocean: Coupled simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate System Model". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 107 (D2): ACL 11–1–ACL 11–14. Bibcode:2002JGRD..107.4019O. doi:10.1029/2001JD000821. ISSN 2156-2202.
  17. ^ Shin, S.-I.; Liu, Z.; Otto-Bliesner, B.; Brady, E.; Kutzbach, J.; Harrison, S. (2003-01-01). "A Simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum climate using the NCAR-CCSM". Climate Dynamics. 20 (2): 127–151. doi:10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x. ISSN 1432-0894. S2CID 54078913.
  18. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Brady, Esther C.; Clauzet, Gabriel; Tomas, Robert; Levis, Samuel; Kothavala, Zav (2006-06-01). "Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Climate in CCSM3". Journal of Climate. 19 (11): 2526–2544. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.2526O. doi:10.1175/JCLI3748.1. ISSN 0894-8755.
  19. ^ Braconnot, P.; Otto-Bliesner, B.; Harrison, S.; Joussaume, S.; Peterchmitt, J.-Y.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Crucifix, M.; Driesschaert, E.; Fichefet, Th; Hewitt, C. D.; Kageyama, M. (2007-06-04). "Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum – Part 1: experiments and large-scale features". Climate of the Past. 3 (2): 261–277. Bibcode:2007CliPa...3..261B. doi:10.5194/cp-3-261-2007. ISSN 1814-9324. S2CID 17817309.
  20. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Schneider, Ralph; Brady, E. C.; Kucera, M.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Bard, E.; Braconnot, P.; Crucifix, M.; Hewitt, C. D.; Kageyama, M.; Marti, O. (2009-05-01). "A comparison of PMIP2 model simulations and the MARGO proxy reconstruction for tropical sea surface temperatures at last glacial maximum". Climate Dynamics. 32 (6): 799–815. Bibcode:2009ClDy...32..799O. doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0509-0. ISSN 1432-0894. S2CID 56069329.
  21. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Brady, Esther C. (2010-01-01). "The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: last glacial maximum experiments". Quaternary Science Reviews. 29 (1–2): 56–73. Bibcode:2010QSRv...29...56O. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004. ISSN 0277-3791.
  22. ^ Hu, Aixue; Meehl, Gerald A.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Waelbroeck, Claire; Han, Weiqing; Loutre, Marie-France; Lambeck, Kurt; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Rosenbloom, Nan (2010). "Influence of Bering Strait flow and North Atlantic circulation on glacial sea-level changes". Nature Geoscience. 3 (2): 118–121. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..118H. doi:10.1038/ngeo729. hdl:1885/30691. ISSN 1752-0908.
  23. ^ Liu, Z.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; He, F.; Brady, E. C.; Tomas, R.; Clark, P. U.; Carlson, A. E.; Lynch-Stieglitz, J.; Curry, W.; Brook, E.; Erickson, D. (2009-07-17). "Transient Simulation of Last Deglaciation with a New Mechanism for Bolling-Allerod Warming". Science. 325 (5938): 310–314. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..310L. doi:10.1126/science.1171041. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19608916. S2CID 16383717.
  24. ^ Miller, Gifford H.; Geirsdóttir, Áslaug; Zhong, Yafang; Larsen, Darren J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Holland, Marika M.; Bailey, David A.; Refsnider, Kurt A.; Lehman, Scott J.; Southon, John R.; Anderson, Chance (2012). "Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks: LITTLE ICE AGE TRIGGERED BY VOLCANISM". Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (2): n/a. doi:10.1029/2011GL050168. hdl:20.500.11820/0e0471d0-1f4b-489d-b163-9bf03f39cfe5. S2CID 15313398.
  25. ^ Foster, Joanna M. (2012-01-31). "In the Little Ice Age, Lessons for Today". Green Blog. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  26. ^ Kaufman, D. S.; Schneider, D. P.; McKay, N. P.; Ammann, C. M.; Bradley, R. S.; Briffa, K. R.; Miller, G. H.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L.; Overpeck, J. T.; Vinther, B. M.; Arctic Lakes 2k Project Members (2009-09-04). "Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling". Science. 325 (5945): 1236–1239. Bibcode:2009Sci...325.1236K. doi:10.1126/science.1173983. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19729653. S2CID 23844037.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Otto-Bliesner, B. L. (2006-03-24). "Simulating Arctic Climate Warmth and Icefield Retreat in the Last Interglaciation". Science. 311 (5768): 1751–1753. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1751O. doi:10.1126/science.1120808. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16556838. S2CID 35153489.
  28. ^ Marcott, Shaun A.; Clark, Peter U.; Padman, Laurie; Klinkhammer, Gary P.; Springer, Scott R.; Liu, Zhengyu; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Carlson, Anders E.; Ungerer, Andy; Padman, June; He, Feng (2011-08-16). "Ice-shelf collapse from subsurface warming as a trigger for Heinrich events". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (33): 13415–13419. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813415M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1104772108. PMC 3158189. PMID 21808034.
  29. ^ Overpeck, J. T.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Miller, Gifford H.; Muhs, Daniel R.; Alley, Richard B; Kiehl, Jeffrey T. (2006-03-24). "Paleoclimatic Evidence for Future Ice-Sheet Instability and Rapid Sea-Level Rise". Science. 311 (5768): 1747–1750. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1747O. doi:10.1126/science.1115159. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16556837. S2CID 36048003.
  30. ^ Revkin, Andrew C. (2006-03-24). "Climate Data Hint at Irreversible Rise in Seas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  31. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Branstator, Grant W.; Houghton, David D. (1982-05-01). "A Global Low-order Spectral General Circulation Model. Part 1: Formulation and Seasonal Climatology". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 39 (5): 929–948. Bibcode:1982JAtS...39..929O. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<0929:AGLOSG>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-4928.
  32. ^ Kutzbach, J. E.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L. (1982-06-01). "The Sensitivity of the African-Asian Monsoonal Climate to Orbital Parameter Changes for 9000 Years B.P. in a Low-Resolution General Circulation Model". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 39 (6): 1177–1188. Bibcode:1982JAtS...39.1177K. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1177:TSOTAA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-4928.
  33. ^ Shakun, Jeremy D.; Clark, Peter U.; He, Feng; Marcott, Shaun A.; Mix, Alan C.; Liu, Zhengyu; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Schmittner, Andreas; Bard, Edouard (2012). "Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation". Nature. 484 (7392): 49–54. Bibcode:2012Natur.484...49S. doi:10.1038/nature10915. hdl:2027.42/147130. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 22481357. S2CID 2152480.
  34. ^ Clark, Peter U.; Shakun, Jeremy D.; Baker, Paul A.; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Brewer, Simon; Brook, Ed; Carlson, Anders E.; Cheng, Hai; Kaufman, Darrell S.; Liu, Zhengyu; Marchitto, Thomas M. (2012-05-08). "Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (19): E1134–E1142. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116619109. PMC 3358890. PMID 22331892.
  35. ^ Ammann, Caspar M.; Joos, Fortunat; Schimel, David S.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Tomas, Robert A. (2007-03-06). "Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (10): 3713–3718. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.3713A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605064103. PMC 1810336. PMID 17360418.
  36. ^ Braconnot, Pascale; Harrison, Sandy P.; Kageyama, Masa; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Zhao, Yan (2012). "Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data". Nature Climate Change. 2 (6): 417–424. Bibcode:2012NatCC...2..417B. doi:10.1038/nclimate1456. ISSN 1758-6798.
  37. ^ Rohling, E. J.; Crucifix, M.; Sluijs, A.; Dijkstra, H. A.; Köhler, P.; van de Wal, R. S. W.; von der Heydt, A. S.; Beerling, D. J.; Berger, A.; Bijl, P. K. (2012). "Making sense of palaeoclimate sensitivity". Nature. 491 (7426): 683–691. Bibcode:2012Natur.491..683P. doi:10.1038/nature11574. hdl:1874/385699. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23192145. S2CID 2840337.
  38. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Rosenbloom, Nan; Stone, Emma J.; McKay, Nicholas P.; Lunt, Daniel J.; Brady, Esther C.; Overpeck, Jonathan T. (2013-10-28). "How warm was the last interglacial? New model–data comparisons". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 371 (2001): 20130097. Bibcode:2013RSPTA.37130097O. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0097. PMID 24043870. S2CID 131665263.
  39. ^ Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Brady, Esther C.; Fasullo, John; Jahn, Alexandra; Landrum, Laura; Stevenson, Samantha; Rosenbloom, Nan; Mai, Andrew; Strand, Gary (2016-05-01). "Climate Variability and Change since 850 CE: An Ensemble Approach with the Community Earth System Model". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 97 (5): 735–754. Bibcode:2016BAMS...97..735O. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00233.1. ISSN 0003-0007.
  40. ^ Zhu, Jiang; Poulsen, Christopher J.; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. (2020). "High climate sensitivity in CMIP6 model not supported by paleoclimate". Nature Climate Change. 10 (5): 378–379. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..378Z. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0764-6. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 217167140.
  41. ^ Harvey, Chelsea (May 12, 2020). "SCIENCE: Climate models got hotter. Why they might be overshooting". www.eenews.net. Archived from the original on 2020-05-17. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
  42. ^ "Unsettled Science: Latest Climate Models Have Unrealistically High Projections of Future Warming". SciTechDaily. 2020-05-01. Archived from the original on 2020-05-01. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
  43. ^ "Union Fellows | AGU". www.agu.org. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  44. ^ "Cesare Emiliani Lecture | AGU". www.agu.org. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
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