Bet Tzedek Legal Services – The House of Justice
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| Founded | 1974, Los Angeles, CA, United States |
|---|---|
| Type | NGO non-profit organization |
| Focus | Civil Rights Humanitarian Aid |
| Headquarters | Los Angeles County |
| Website | www.bettzedek.org/ |
Bet Tzedek is an American nonprofit human and poverty rights organization based in Los Angeles, California.
Bet Tzedek's commitment to human rights stems from a central tenet of Jewish law and teaching: "Tzedek, tzedek tirdof – Justice, justice you shall pursue." Its name means "House of Justice."
The organization provides pro bono person-centered legal services that integrate with social support services, educates community members with the powerful knowledge of their legal rights, and uses its collective voice to reform systems through policy advocacy and impact litigation.
From its humble beginnings at a small office on Fairfax Blvd. with a staff of part-time volunteers, Bet Tzedek has grown into one of the largest legal aid organizations in Los Angeles County. They are a nationally recognized leader in providing legal assistance to low-income seniors, adults, and their families; leaders in promoting economic security through their employment rights and small business efforts; and one of only two major agencies in the nation to offer free legal services to aging Holocaust survivors.
Throughout its 50 years of providing free legal services, Bet Tzedek has helped nearly 1 million people in the Los Angeles region and beyond.
History
[edit]Bet Tzedek was founded in 1974 by a group of Jewish attorneys concerned about human rights issues and humanitarian needs in Los Angeles. The group's volunteer attorneys provided free legal representation to low-income residents of Los Angeles. As the need skyrocketed throughout the mid-1970s, Bet Tzedek rapidly evolved from a part-time, volunteer-run organization into a comprehensive, full-service center providing free legal aid to all of Los Angeles.[1]
In its early years, most of Bet Tzedek's services were provided to low-income Jews in need of assistance writing wills or obtaining unemployment benefits. By the 1980s, their services had grown enough for them to move into a larger office, where they began to focus on unlawful eviction cases. About half of Bet Tzedek's cases in 1980 were landlord-tenant disputes. Many of their clients during this period were elderly and/or immigrant residents in the Fairfax district.[1]
In 1984, Bet Tzedek won a landmark decision that provided support to thousands of low-income, elderly Holocaust survivors.[2] The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit ruled in favor of Felicia Grunfeder, a Bet Tzedek client and Holocaust survivor who had been denied disability benefits because she received a small Holocaust reparations payment. And in 1987, after a four-year legal battle, Bet Tzedek successfully negotiated a settlement ensuring elderly, long-term residents of an old hotel could remain in their current accommodation for the rest of their lives. This agreement preserved their current low rent and shielded them from further eviction threats. Additionally, in 1989, Bet Tzedek established a Home Equity Task Force to combat the increasing incidence of con artists targeting elderly homeowners for property theft.
Bet Tzedek extended emergency legal aid during and following the 1992 Los Angeles riots, which erupted after the acquittal of four LAPD officers involved in the beating of Rodney King, a black motorist. The organization initiated a program to support businesses affected by the riots.[3] Mayor Tom Bradley praised Bet Tzedek for their assistance during and after the social upheaval. Additionally, in the same year, Bet Tzedek partnered with the Alzheimer's Association to create the El Portal Project, aimed at supporting Spanish-speaking families caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease, thanks to a grant from the federal Health Resources Services Agency.
In the early 1990s, Bet Tzedek sued a national HMO alleging fraud and deceptive sales practices in the HMO's racially targeted victimization of elderly Spanish-speaking enrollees. Ensuing media coverage prompted a federal investigation and a stockholder suit against the company and Bet Tzedek successfully settled the underlying case.[citation needed]
After the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Bet Tzedek offered urgent aid to those affected by the disaster, addressing housing challenges, cases of home improvement fraud, and assisting with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) claims. [4] Additionally, in the same year, Bet Tzedek broadened its Housing Conditions Project to actively support low-income families residing in substandard living conditions, utilizing litigation and public policy advocacy as part of their efforts.
In 1995, Bet Tzedek initiatives revealed grossly negligent conditions in Los Angeles area nursing homes, leading to several high-profile deaths of patients. [5][6] To address this, Bet Tzedek sponsored major state legislation that provided new standards and protections for low-income elderly residents who were most at risk for elder abuse. In 1999, Bet Tzedek's lawsuit against Hillhaven, one of the largest nursing home chains in the country, resulted in the company agreeing to change business practices that violated state and federal law and led to financial hardship for residents and their families.
In 1996, California law enforcement, the Federal Trade Commission, and the United States Justice Department utilize two training videos created by Bet Tzedek to prevent home equity fraud.
In 1997, three members of Bet Tzedek's staff and Board contribute to the Mayor's Blue Ribbon Committee on Slum Housing, whose suggestions are adopted by the L.A. City Council as the most thorough code program ever implemented locally.
In 1998, Bet Tzedek brought a major class-action suit with pro bono counsel against 16 European-based insurance companies who refused to honor insurance policies purchased by Jews who perished in the Holocaust. [citation needed] Bet Tzedek continues to assist survivors with issues centered in the governments of former Nazi nations.
In 1999, Bet Tzedek represents over 100 tenants residing in an abandoned downtown building, utilizing local statutes to clear titles and eliminate millions of dollars in liens. This legal action paves the way for a new owner to acquire and renovate the building.
In 2000, Bet Tzedek launches the Kinship Care Project, aimed at aiding relative caregivers who serve as custodians, legal guardians, or adoptive parents to minors. The organization assists in accessing healthcare and education while also facilitating the formalization of custodial relationships. Concurrently, in the same year, Bet Tzedek, along with pro bono counsel, achieves victory in an eight-week trial to reclaim the rights to the life story of Irene Gut Opdyke, a "righteous gentile" who saved numerous Jews during World War II.
In 2001, it was reported that 61% of Los Angeles apparel contractors were violating wage and hour laws.[7] Bet Tzedek opened the Employment Rights Project in the San Fernando Valley in response to the growing numbers of “working poor” in Los Angeles, who remained in poverty despite working full-time as garment workers, day laborers, domestics, car wash employees, and gardeners.
In 2002, Bet Tzedek investigated the city's most-convicted slumlord, discovering multiple fraudulent practices. After filing a lawsuit, Bet Tzedek obtained a major settlement requiring the slumlord to pay $1 million to the City of L.A. and submit to ongoing monitoring of his business practices by Bet Tzedek.[8]
In 2003, Bet Tzedek engages in international litigation for the first time by representing victims of Nazi persecution within the German court system, advocating for Holocaust survivors appealing denials of restitution payments. Concurrently, in California, State Treasurer Phil Angelides collaborates with Bet Tzedek to persuade U.S. banks to waive wire transfer fees for payments to indigent survivors.
In 2004, Bet Tzedek helped pass a new state law and established a new legal precedent protecting garment workers, ensuring the safety and proper treatment of hundreds of thousands of workers in L.A. alone.[9]
In 2004, Bet Tzedek collaborates with the city of Los Angeles in opposing the "Landlord's Solution," which seeks to permit landlords to evict tenants who refuse intrusive requests for information aimed at disrupting their tenancy. The Superior Court concurs and upholds a law that prohibits such practices. Simultaneously, Bet Tzedek resolves a case on behalf of garment workers employed by a contractor to a national retailer. Notably, due to a new state law, this settlement marks the first instance where a retailer agrees to compensate workers for labor violations committed by a manufacturer. Bet Tzedek played a crucial role in advocating for the passage of this law.[9][10]
In 2012, Bet Tzedek moved from its longtime headquarters in Los Angeles' historically Jewish Fairfax District to a new headquarters on Wilshire Boulevard in Koreatown. The move was motivated in part because Bet Tzedek's services were no longer being provided primarily to Jews, and because the organization desired a more centralized location.[11]
Services and programs
[edit]Bet Tzedek's services include legal advice, counseling and representation at trials, administrative hearings, and appeals.[12] Bet Tzedek also offers educational programs to clients and other service providers. Services at Bet Tzedek are provided through the following programs:
Previous categories of areas of focus
[edit]Consumer fraud
[edit]Bet Tzedek's Consumer Protection Unit litigates consumer fraud cases in a variety of areas, including home equity fraud, telemarketing, automobile financing, and health care marketing, and door-to-door sales. Additionally the Consumer Protection Unit provides educational programs throughout Los Angeles County to help residents recognize and avoid fraud. Bet Tzedek also collaborates with various law enforcement agencies and legal services providers to target the most notorious scam artists.[13]
Employment rights
[edit]Bet Tzedek's Employment Rights Project advocates on behalf of a variety of low-wage workers, including Day Laborers, domestic workers, and those working in the garment, construction, car wash, restaurant and janitorial industries. The Project represents low-wage workers, regardless of their immigration status, who have been illegally denied wages that they have earned.[14] Client services range from brief advice, counseling and informal advocacy, to representation in hearings before the California Labor Commissioner and litigation in state and federal courts.[14]
Family Caregiver Project
[edit]
AARP and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that 4.3 million adults in the State of California provide unpaid care to an adult relative or friend.[15] The total value of familycaregiving is estimated at $276 billion. Caregivers usually do not quit their jobs, or leave their personal relationships, to offer care to their relatives. The Family Caregiving Project at Bet Tzedek responds by providing expert legal counsel, advice and representation to English, Spanish and Chinese speaking adults who care for a loved-one afflicted with Alzheimer's disease, dementia or other debilitating illnesses.
Director of the Bet Tzedek Legal Services Family Caregiver Project, Janet Moris, serves caregivers throughout Los Angeles County with essential education, referrals and legal services. Bet Tzedek Legal Services staff make presentations to over 2,000 family members, social workers, and service professionals annually.[15]
Government benefits
[edit]Bet Tzedek represents clients on a range of state and federal government benefits, including Social Security, Medi-Cal, Medicare, SSI/SSDI (Disability), in-home supportive services, veterans' benefits, CalWORKS, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps), WIC, and Adoption Assistance, KinGAP.[16] Bet Tzedek represents clients in appeals, helps clients to apply for benefits, and identifies appropriate programs.
Holocaust reparations
[edit]Bet Tzedek Legal Services is the only agency in the world that offers free assistance to Holocaust survivors applying for reparations, pensions and other benefits from Germany and other European countries. Bet Tzedek has also worked on other survivor issues, including Holocaust-era insurance coverage, the effect of reparations on eligibility for public benefits, and the waiver of wire transfer fees for survivors who receive reparations.[17]
Housing
[edit]The Housing Law Project provides legal assistance to tenants in Los Angeles County facing eviction actions and illegal housing conditions. The elderly and persons with disabilities are the focus of much of the service because they are often targeted for eviction in order to circumvent the rent stabilization laws and bring in new tenants at higher rents. The project's attorney represents these clients, develops solutions to systematic housing legal problems, and recruits, trains, and supervises a network of volunteer attorneys.[18]
Sydney M. Irmas Housing Conditions Project
[edit]Bet Tzedek's Sydney M. Irmas Housing Conditions Project is underwritten by a grant from the Irmas Family Foundation to help low-income families secure safe, affordable housing. In 2001, the Irmas Project brought landmark litigation on behalf of tenants' rights group Inquilinos Unidos against one of the most notorious landlords in Los Angeles. The lawsuit was later joined by the Los Angeles City Attorney's office, and the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher served as pro bono counsel on the suit. This case represented a landmark victory in the battle against landlords who subject their tenants to substandard health and safety conditions and set a significant precedent in the ability of tenants' groups to successfully prosecute owners attempting to hide behind a web of business identities.[19]
Eviction Defense Project
[edit]The Eviction Defense Project at Bet Tzedek Legal Services provides advice, counsel and representation those in need of assistance. Bet Tzedek accepts eviction cases on an individual basis, and screens all cases for merit. Annually, Bet Tzedek serves as counsel for 100 families who face illegal eviction from their apartments, with a success rate of over 90 percent.[19]
Kinship care
[edit]Bet Tzedek Legal Services created the Kinship Care Project in 2002 to address the needs of the more than 88,000 children in Los Angeles County who live with their grandparents. The Kinship Care Project offers a variety of services to grandparents and others who are raising their young family members.[20] For the last five years, Bet Tzedek has offered free legal services to these families.[20]
Bet Tzedek's Kinship Care Project is unique in Los Angeles County, as no other service provider focuses on this population. Additionally, Bet Tzedek Legal Services published Southern California's first comprehensive guide for relative caregivers, Caring for a Relative's Child.[21] The guide is available in both English and Spanish, and is the primary resource of its kind used by social workers throughout Los Angeles County.[20]
Nursing Home Advocacy Project
[edit]The Nursing Home Advocacy Project (NHAP) has been a signature program that has shaped the development of Bet Tzedek's elderlaw practice. The project was established in response to a need for effective legal assistance for residents of nursing homes.[22] Today, Bet Tzedek works to improve the quality of care for the institutionalized elderly and provides legal protection against abuse and neglect through advice, education, advocacy, and litigation. Among the many milestones in NHAP's history are:
- Comprehensive legislation to reform admissions and discharge practices and financial responsibility and billing practices by nursing homes.[22]
Senior legal services
[edit]For more than two decades, Bet Tzedek has served the legal needs of low-income seniors in Los Angeles. Bet Tzedek is the exclusive provider of free legal services to low-income seniors through contracts with the City and County of Los Angeles.[23] Bet Tzedek staff address legal issues that affect seniors such as consumer fraud and elder abuse, nursing homes and residential care facilities, public benefits, family and kinship caregiver needs, and housing. Bet Tzedek staff regularly meet with clients at more than 30 senior centers in Greater Los Angeles County. In addition to providing one-on-one services, Bet Tzedek has developed four new legal clinics designed to help seniors help themselves. Each clinic provides an overview of a particular legal issue and guides seniors in the preparation of the appropriate legal documents.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "In Search of Fairfax: Bet Tzedek". In Search of Fairfax. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ "748 F.2d 503". law.resource.org. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ Refael, Tabby (2022-04-28). "Thirty Years Later: Rising From the Ashes of the 1992 Riots". Jewish Journal. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ Archives, L. A. Times (1994-01-27). "Quake Aid A Resource Guide : DISASTER ASSISTANCE". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ Levin, Myron (1995-05-03). "Nursing Care Chain Is Accused of Neglect : Health: Advocacy group pickets headquarters of Golden State Health Centers, which runs 10 facilities in the L.A. area". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ Richardson, Lisa; Marquis, Julie (1995-03-31). "Families Suing Nursing Home in Death of 2 Patients : Courts: They contend neglect at Town and Country Manor prolonged suffering of an elderly man and woman. The Santa Ana facility says it provided proper care". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ Lobaco, Gina. Thirtieth Annual Report Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine (PDF). Bet Tzedek Legal Services. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ Mitchell, John L. (2002-03-26). "Slumlord Agrees to Settle Suit, Pay DWP $1 Million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ a b "News Brief". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- ^ "A Tribute to Pro Bono 2004" (PDF). The State Bar of California. 2004.
- ^ Nita Lelyveld, "Legal aid group Bet Tzedek graduates to new headquarters", Los Angeles Times, September 9, 2012.
- ^ Bet Tzedek Programs Archived June 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ Consumer Fraud Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b Employment Rights Project Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b Family Caregiver Project Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ Public Benefits Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ Holocaust Reparations Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ Equal Access Fund Projects. Retrieved on June 5, 2007.
- ^ a b Housing Archived May 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
- ^ a b c Kinship Care Program Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
- ^ Bettzedek.org Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Nursing Home Advocacy Project Archived June 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 5, 2007.
- ^ Free Legal Services for Seniors in Los Angeles County Archived May 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 5, 2007.