Battle of Tonlé Sap
| Battle of Tonlé Sap | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Khmer–Cham wars | |||||||
.jpg) Relief at Bayon temple | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Khmer Empire | Champa | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Tribhuvanadityavarman | Jaya Indravarman IV | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
The Battle of Tonlé Sap[2] (French: Bataille de Tonlé Sap) took place between Champa and the Khmer Empire in 1177.
Background
[edit]Under Suryavarman II (reigned 1113–1150), the Khmer kingdom united internally,[3] and the largest temple of Angkor, Angkor Wat, dedicated to the god Vishnu, was built in a period of 37 years. In the east, his campaigns against Champa and Annam were unsuccessful,[4] though he did sack Vijaya in 1145 and depose Jaya Indravarman III.[5] The Khmers occupied Vijaya until 1149, when they were driven out by Jaya Harivarman I.[6] Suryavarman II sent a mission to the Chola dynasty of south India and presented a precious stone to the Chola emperor Kulothunga Chola I in 1114.[7][8]
Another period followed, in which kings reigned briefly and were violently overthrown by their successors. Finally in 1177, the Angkor capital was raided and looted in a naval battle on the Tonlé Sap lake by a Cham fleet under king Jaya Indravarman IV,[1] and Tribhuvanadityavarman, ruler of Angkor, was killed.[9][10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Golzio 2021, p. 29.
- ^ The Bayon bas-relief depicts a battle on the Tonlé Sap lake, Angkor Thom
- ^ Higham 2004, p. 113.
- ^ Higham 2004, p. 114.
- ^ Maspero 2002, p. 75–56.
- ^ Coedès 1968, p. 160.
- ^ Kulke & Rothermund 1998, p. 125.
- ^ Prakash & Lombard 1999, p. 29–30.
- ^ Maspero 2002, p. 78.
- ^ Coedès 1968, p. 164.
Bibliography
[edit]- Aymonier, Etienne (1893). The History of Tchampa (the Cyamba of Marco Polo, Now Annam Or Cochin-China). Oriental University Institute.
- Coedès, George (1968). Vella, Walter F. (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- Golzio, Karl-Heinz (2021). "The rise of the Angkorian Empire in reality and in the imagination of the 11th century: How it became the paramount power". Journal of Global Archaeology: 1–38. doi:10.34780/a11-ef6n.
- Higham, Charles (2004). The Civilization of Angkor. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24218-0.
- Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (1998). A History of India. Routledge. ISBN 0-41515-482-0.
- Maspero, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom. White Lotus Co., Ltd.
- Prakash, Om; Lombard, Denys (1999). Commerce and Culture in the Bay of Bengal, 1500-1800. Manohar.
