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Battle of Sabha

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For the 2019 battle, see Battle of Sabha (2019).
Battle of Sabha
Part of the Fezzan campaign of the Libyan Civil War
Battle of Sabha is located in Libya
Sabha
Sabha
Battle of Sabha (Libya)
Date19–22 September 2011
Location
Sabha, Libya
Result Anti-Gaddafi victory
Belligerents

Libya Anti-Gaddafi forces

NATO NATO command[1]

Libya Armed forces of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Commanders and leaders
Libya Bashir Ahwaz Libya Massoud Abdelhafid[2]
Strength
Unknown 300[3]
Casualties and losses
18 killed[4] 19 killed[5]
150 captured[3]

The Battle of Sabha was a part of the Libyan Civil War and took place between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for the control of the desert oasis city of Sabha. It was the second conflict in the city since the start of the war after the 2011 Sabha clashes.

Background

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Sabha is located by an oasis in the Libyan Desert and is home to an important military base.[6] Much of its population comprises migrants from Chad, Niger, and Sudan.[7] These migrants had been brought to Libya by Gaddafi in the 1980s and given employment and stipends by the regime to ensure their support. In addition, the city is home to a large number of members of the Qadhadhfa tribe, to which Gaddafi belonged.[8] As a result, the city was regarded as a stronghold of pro-Gaddafi sentiment as the anti-regime protests that began across Libya in February 2011 turned into civil war.[6] As the conflict progressed, however, many of the migrants went north to fight against the rebels, draining Gaddafi's major base of support in the city. Those who remained behind were mostly armed young locals and members of the Awlad Suleiman tribe. The Awlad Suleiman bear strong resentment against the regime. Shortly after Gaddafi seized power, members of the tribe were accused of plotting to overthrow him. Many tribesmen were executed and imprisoned as a result.[7]

Earlier in the conflict, there was a local uprising in the city. Gaddafi's men crushed this uprising, resulting in a temporary peace during which many pro-Gaddafi forces fled to the city after the massive rebel gains of late August, turning the city into a bastion of sorts.[9]

Lead-up to the battle

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Main article: Fezzan campaign – Sabha

In late August there were reports of clashes around the city. Gaddafi loyalists retained control of the city.[10][11] Gaddafi's men were reinforced by troops from elsewhere in the country while the rebels found themselves running low on ammunition and other supplies.[12]

Anti-Gaddafi forces continued to approach the city in early September,[13] with a spokesperson saying that they were fighting at Sabha with "equipment that they did not have".[14][15] British forces claimed that they had conducted a series of air strikes on pro-Gaddafi targets in and around Sabha, destroying two armoured cars and six tanks among other things.[16][17]

Rebel assault on the city

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On 19 September, spokesman for the NTC Ministry of Defence, Col. Ahmed Bani, announced at a press conference that NTC fighters managed to capture Sabha airport and fort. There was no immediate independent verification of his claims.[18]

On 20 September, NTC forces entered the city of Sabha, taking the city center with little resistance.[19] A CNN reporter accompanied NTC forces, confirming the reports.[20][21] An NTC military spokesman in Benghazi said Sabha Airport was under the control of anti-Gaddafi fighters, but fighting was continuing in some quarters of the city proper, particularly in the district of al-Manshiya.[22][23]

Although Sabha was assumed by many to be a pro-Gaddafi stronghold, CNN's Ben Wedeman reported that NTC forces were greeted with cheers from large parts of the local population as they entered the city, and many residents he talked to claimed they had supported the revolution against Gaddafi from the beginning but were unable to demonstrate due to the strong loyalist presence in the city.[24]

On 21 September, the NTC announced that almost the whole of Sabha was under their control, with widespread defections from pro-Gaddafi elements helping to end the battle, and NTC forces were encountering only sporadic resistance from few individuals.[25] Loyalists were still resisting in the Al Manshiya district.[26]

On 22 September, opposition forces cleared the last remaining pockets of resistance in the city. Journalists in the city stated that only a few rogue snipers remained.[4]

Aftermath

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On 22 September near Sabha, NTC forces discovered two warehouses containing thousands of blue barrels marked with tape saying "radioactive" and plastic bags of yellow powder sealed with the same tape.[27][28] The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) stated, "We can confirm that there is yellowcake stored in drums at a site near Sabha ... which Libya previously declared to the IAEA. ... The IAEA has tentatively scheduled safeguards activities at this location once the situation in the country stabilises."[29]

There were rumours about Gaddafi fleeing the town before it was captured by the rebels. Military spokesman Ahmad Bani said that the NTC authorities were investigating the claims.[30]

References

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  1. ^ "Nato takes control of enforcing Libya no-fly zone". 25 March 2011. Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  2. ^ Ruth Sherlock and Richard Spencer in Tripoli (10 September 2011). "All eyes on the desert as the hunt for Gaddafi continues". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Libya's NTC claims vital Sabha victory". Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Libya conflict: Anti-Gaddafi fighters take Sabha". BBC News. 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  5. ^ Lucas, Ryan (20 September 2011). "Libyans flee Sirte as Khadafy foes close in". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Battles rage in western Libya". ABC News. 13 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  7. ^ a b Hadeel al-Shalchi, Maggie Michael (12 June 2011). "Libyan forces fight rebels on several fronts". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  8. ^ Shashank Joshi (13 June 2011). "Libya: Illusion of momentum as Nato campaign drags on". BBC. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  9. ^ "Press digest". The Times. Malta. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  10. ^ "Libya rebels in "fierce" fight for Sabha--spokesman". Reuters. 23 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  11. ^ "Libya's revolutionary fighters enter Qaddafi hometown Sirte, fight his loyalists". Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  12. ^ "Libyan war 'not over' as Gadhafi's son killed in battle, rebels say". CNN. 17 September 2011. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  13. ^ Michael Ofori Amanfo Boateng. "Libya group seeks return of Gadhafi son". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  14. ^ "Telstra BigPond News and Weather". Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  15. ^ "Cameron, Sarkozy in Libya For Gains". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  16. ^ Michael Ofori Amanfo Boateng. "Libya fighters hit Gaddafi strongholds". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  17. ^ "NATO airstrikes pound pro-Gadhafi targets". CBC News. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  18. ^ "Libyan forces say they have captured part of Sabha". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  19. ^ Libya 20/9: Phát hiện tung tích 2 con trai Gaddafi Archived 30 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Vietnamese)
  20. ^ "Alleged Gadhafi message says his system cannot be overthrown; rebels enter Sabha". Archived from the original on 3 December 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  21. ^ "CNN Ben Wedeman report from Sabha". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  22. ^ "Tue, 20 Sep 2011, 02:17 GMT+3 – Libya". Al Jazeera. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  23. ^ "Factbox: Latest developments in the Libyan conflict". Reuters. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  24. ^ Wedeman, Ben (20 September 2011). "Government forces enter Libya's Sabha, to cheers". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  25. ^ "Al Jazeera Live Blog". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  26. ^ NTC claims victory in Sabha; new cabinet within 10 days Archived 1 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ "Libya military site yields possible radioactive material". CNN. 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  28. ^ Libya's Ex-PM Held As Chemical Weapons Found Archived 24 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Dahl, Fredrik; Angus MacSwan (22 September 2011). "Raw uranium stored near Libya's Sabha – IAEA". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
  30. ^ "Libyan NTC Forces Say Control All Of Sabha". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.

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