Cotton Merchants' Gate

The Cotton Merchants' Gate (Arabic: باب القطانين Bāb al-Qaṭṭānīn) is one of the gates of the al-Aqsa Compound (al-Ḥaram ash-Sharīf). It is by the western esplanade of the compound and leads to the Cotton Merchants' Market, a sūq, it is also called the Gate of the Cotton Merchants' Market (وباب سوق القطانين Bāb Sūq al-Qaṭṭānīn).^[1]^[2] Its intricate eastern façade makes it one of the most recognizable and "the grandest of the Haram gates".^[3]

History

It was built under the supervision of Tankiz in 1336, during the time of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluk Sultanate.^[4] The 14th-century historian al-ʿUmarī explained that the gate was constructed in order to link the compound with the sūq's market street, ^[5] which was also built by Tankiz around that time: in 1336-37.^[2]

Description

There are ten descending steps to reach the gate.^[4]

Its eastern façade faces the inside of the compound and features a recess with a semi-dome.^[3] The semi-dome has a gently pointed arch, and its voussoir has ablaq (alternating) masonry of red and beige bricks. It also contains five rows of muqarnas.^[6]

Between the semi-dome and the door is a trefoil-shaped arch,^[6] with ablaq patterns in black and beige bricks. Above the door is a straight stone lintel, which is composed of three external pieces. There used to be a small window in the trefoil arch's tympanum, but the window was blocked in 1927.^[4]

Environs

Ablution Gate is nearby and to the south. These are the closest gates to the Dome of the Rock, with the Fountain of Qaytbay near the gates.

Immediately north of the gate is the Khātūniyya Madrasa, and even farther north is the Arghūniyya Madrasa. North of the madrasas is the Iron Gate.

References

^ Hawari, Mahmoud (2007). Ayyubid Jerusalem (1187-1250): An Architectural and Archaeological Study (in Arabic). Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1-4073-0042-9. the street of the Gate of the Cotton Merchants' Market Bāb Sūq al-Qaṭṭānīn
^ ^a ^b "Suq al-Qattanin". I2UD. Bab Suq al-Qattanin Gate: view from inside the Haram
^ ^a ^b Galor, Katharina; Bloedhorn, Hanswulf (2013). The Archaeology of Jerusalem. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11195-8. Bab al-Qattanin is the grandest of the Haram gates
^ ^a ^b ^c "Bab al-Qattanin". Institute for International Urban Development (I2UD).
^ Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton; et al. (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by World of Islam Festival Trust. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-905035-33-8. In short, all the indications are that Bāb al-Qaṭṭānīn is an original Mamluk construction, 'recently constructed and newly opened' in al-ʿUmarī's words, to link the new market-street with the Haram.
^ ^a ^b "Bab al-Qattanin". Archnet.

External links

Photos of the Cotton Merchants' Gate at the Manar al-Athar photo archive

31°46′41″N 35°14′03″E / 31.77798°N 35.23420°E / 31.77798; 35.23420

[1] Hawari, Mahmoud (2007). Ayyubid Jerusalem (1187-1250): An Architectural and Archaeological Study (in Arabic). Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1-4073-0042-9. the street of the Gate of the Cotton Merchants' Market Bāb Sūq al-Qaṭṭānīn

[i2ud-market-2] "Suq al-Qattanin". I2UD. Bab Suq al-Qattanin Gate: view from inside the Haram

[Yale13-3] Galor, Katharina; Bloedhorn, Hanswulf (2013). The Archaeology of Jerusalem. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11195-8. Bab al-Qattanin is the grandest of the Haram gates

[i2ud-4] "Bab al-Qattanin". Institute for International Urban Development (I2UD).

[5] Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton; et al. (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem by World of Islam Festival Trust. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-905035-33-8. In short, all the indications are that Bāb al-Qaṭṭānīn is an original Mamluk construction, 'recently constructed and newly opened' in al-ʿUmarī's words, to link the new market-street with the Haram.

[Archnet-6] "Bab al-Qattanin". Archnet.

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