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Christus, der ist mein Leben, BWV 95

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Christus, der ist mein Leben
BWV 95
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
Thomaskirche, Leipzig
Occasion16th Sunday after Trinity
Chorale
Performed12 September 1723 (1723-09-12): Leipzig
Movements7
Vocal
Instrumental
  • horn
  • 2 oboes d'amore
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • violoncello piccolo
  • continuo

Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Christus, der ist mein Leben (Christ, he is my life),[1] BWV 95 in Leipzig for the 16th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 12 September 1723.

History and text

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Bach wrote the cantata in his first year at Leipzig for the 16th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 12 September 1723.[2] The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Ephesians, praying for the strengthening of faith in the congregation of Ephesus (Ephesians 3:13–21), and from the Gospel of Luke, the raising from the dead of the Young man from Nain (Luke 7:11–17). In Bach's time the story pointed immediately at the resurrection of the dead, expressed as a desire to die soon. As Salomon Franck expressed in his text for cantata Komm, du süße Todesstunde, BWV 161, composed in Weimar in 1715, the unknown poet concentrates on a desire to die, in hope to be raised like the young man from Nain.[2] The poet includes four stanzas from four different chorales.[3] Two chorale stanzas are already presented in the first movement, "Christus, der ist mein Leben" (Jena 1609)[4] and Martin Luther's "Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin" (1524),[5] a paraphrase of the canticle Nunc dimittis. Movement 3 is Valerius Herberger's "Valet will ich dir geben",[6] and the closing chorale is the fourth stanza of Nikolaus Herman's "Wenn mein Stündlein vorhanden ist".[7]

Scoring and structure

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The cantata in seven movements is scored for three vocal soloists (soprano, tenor and bass), a four-part choir, horn, two oboe d'amore, two violins, viola, violoncello piccolo and basso continuo.[2]

  1. Chorale and recitative (tenor): Christus, der ist mein Leben / Mit Freuden, ja mit Herzenslust / Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin
  2. Recitative (soprano): Nun, falsche Welt
  3. Chorale (soprano): Valet will ich dir geben
  4. Recitative (tenor): Ach könnte mir doch bald so wohl geschehn
  5. Aria (tenor): Ach, schlage doch bald, selge Stunde
  6. Recitative (bass): Denn ich weiß dies
  7. Chorale: Weil du vom Tod erstanden bist

Music

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A week before, Bach had included three stanzas from a chorale in Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz, BWV 138. In this cantata he includes four stanzas from four different funeral hymns.[8] The first three movements combine three of them, first stanzas throughout. The first chorale on a melody by Melchior Vulpius[9] is embedded in a concerto of oboes and strings in syncopated motifs in parallels of thirds and sixths. The melody in the soprano is reinforced by the horn. The line "Sterben ist mein Gewinn" (Death is my reward) is slower than the others, in a tradition observed already by Johann Hermann Schein.[2] The recitative alternates between secco and accompagnato, with the same accompanying motifs as in the chorale. The second chorale on Luther's melody[10] is graced by an independent violin part, and every line is preceded by an entry of the horn. A secco recitative leads to the third chorale,[11] which is sung by the soprano alone like an aria, accompanied for the first line only by the continuo, but for the rest of the text by the oboes, playing an obbligato melody in unison.[2]

The only aria of the cantata is dominated by the oboes and accompanied by pizzicato in the strings which symbolizes funerary bells, according to John Eliot Gardiner.[8] The closing chorale[12] is again enriched by a soaring additional violin part.[2][8]

Recordings

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References

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  1. ^ Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 95 – Christus, der ist mein Leben". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). Vol. 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 450–452. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.
  3. ^ Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 19 BWV 95 Christus, der ist mein Leben". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  4. ^ "Christus, der ist mein Leben / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  5. ^ "Mit Fried und Freud / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  6. ^ "Valet will ich dir geben / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  7. ^ "Wenn mein Stündlein vorhanden ist / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  8. ^ a b c Gardiner, John Eliot (2006). Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 8, 27, 51, 95, 99, 100, 138 & 161 (Media notes). Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website). Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Christus, der ist mein Leben". bach-cantatas.com. 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  10. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Mit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  11. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Valet will ich dir geben". bach-cantatas.com. 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  12. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Wenn mein Stündlein vorhanden ist". Bach Cantatas Website. 2005. Retrieved 4 October 2011.

Sources

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