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Australian cyclists at the Tour de France

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Australian cyclists have ridden in the Tour de France since 1914.[1] In the 1980s, Phil Anderson became the first Australian cyclist to win a stage and wear the yellow jersey. Cadel Evans has been the only Australian cyclist to win the yellow jersey by winning the 2011 Tour de France.

History

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Evans wearing the yellow jersey during a Criterium in Surhuisterveen after the 2011 Tour de France

Australian cyclists have competed in the Tour de France since 1914 with Don Kirkham and Iddo Munro being the first representatives.[1][2] Australian participation was sporadic until the 1980s. Two notable Australian riders before the 1980s were Hubert Opperman and Russell Mockridge, a gold medallist from the 1952 Olympic Games.[3]

In the 1980s, Phil Anderson, Allan Peiper and Neil Stephens heralded Australian cyclists increased focus on the Tour.[3] In 1991, the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) established a road cycling program under Head Coach Heiko Salzwedel. This program lead to the development of many future Australian touring cyclists including Robbie McEwen, Patrick Jonker, Michael Rogers and Henk Vogels.[4][5][6] In conjunction with the AIS road cycling team, the AIS track cycling program under the guidance of Charlie Walsh was developing endurance track riders including Stuart O'Grady, Bradley McGee and Brett Lancaster.[7] Cadel Evans who won the Tour in 2011 was an AIS mountain bike scholarship holder in the lead up to the 2000 Sydney Olympics.[8] By 2010, there were 11 Australian cyclists on the Tour.[9] In 2011, Orica–GreenEDGE was launched with financial support from Australian Gerry Ryan and made their debut at the 2013 Tour de France. Cadel Evans became Australia's first and only winner of the Tour in 2011.[1]

In November 2014, Cycling Australia announced its Tour de France Team of the Century to recognize Australia's first participation in the Tour. The team comprised nine riders: Cadel Evans and Phil Anderson (general classification), Richie Porte and Michael Rogers (domestiques), Robbie McEwen (sprinter), Bradley McGee and Mark Renshaw (sprint lead out riders), Simon Gerrans (all rounder) and Hubert Opperman (team captain).[10]

Special Broadcasting Service has broadcast the Tour to Australian television viewers since 1991.[11]

Statistics

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Anderson at the 1993 Tour de France

Overall statistics at end of 2023 Tour de France[12][13]

Leading Australian cyclists

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Australian cyclists that have competed in five or more Tour de France as of the 2023 Tour.[12]

Cyclist Tours Individual
Stage Wins
Team Time Trial
Stage Wins
Jerseys held Jerseys won
Stuart O'Grady 17 2 2 Yellow jersey 1998,[n 1] 2001 Green jersey 2004
Phil Anderson 13 2 0 Yellow jersey 1981, 1982 White jersey 1981, 1982 White jersey 1982
Robbie McEwen 12 12 0 Yellow jersey 2004 Green jersey 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 Green jersey 2002, 2004, 2006
Simon Gerrans 12 2 2 Yellow jersey 2013
Michael Rogers 11 1 0
Richie Porte 11 0 1
Mark Renshaw 10 0 0
Cadel Evans 9 2 0 Yellow jersey 2008, 2010, 2011, Polkadot jersey 2011 Yellow jersey 2011
Luke Durbridge 9 0
Adam Hansen 9 0 0
Simon Clarke 8 1 1
Neil Stephens 7 1 0
Michael Mathews 7 3 0 Green jersey 2017 Green jersey 2017
Baden Cooke 6 1 0 Green jersey 2003 Green jersey 2003
Stephen Hodge 6 0 0
Brett Lancaster 6 0 1
Patrick Jonker [n 2] 5 0 0
Bradley McGee 5 2 0 Yellow jersey 2003
Allan Peiper 5 0 1 White jersey 1984
Caleb Ewan 5 5 0

List of Australian cyclists

[edit]
DNS Denotes a rider who did not start, followed by the stage before which he withdrew
DNF Denotes a rider who did not finish, followed by the stage in which he withdrew
DSQ Denotes a rider who was disqualified from the race, followed by the stage before which this occurred

Table includes dual national Australian cyclists.

Year Cyclist Team Highlights Final Position
1914 Don Kirkham Phebus-Dunlop 17
Iddo Munro Phebus-Dunlop 20
1928 Hubert Opperman Ravat–Wonder–Dunlop 18
Percy Osborn Ravat–Wonder–Dunlop 38
Ernest Bainbridge Ravat–Wonder–Dunlop DNF – 15
1931 Hubert Opperman Australia/Switzerland 12
Richard Lamb Australia/Switzerland 35 Red jersey
Ossie Nicholson Australia/Switzerland DNF – 3
Frankie Thomas Australia/Switzerland DNF – 3
1952 John Beasley Luxembourg/Australia DNF – 2
1955 John Beasley Luxembourg/International DNF – 3
Russell Mockridge Luxembourg/International 64
1967 Bill Lawrie[n 3] Team Great Britain DNS – 7
1974 Donald Allan Frisol 103
1975 Donald Allan Frisol 85
1981 Phil Anderson Peugeot–Esso–Michelin held Yellow jersey after stage 5 10
1982 Phil Anderson Peugeot–Shell–Michelin won stage 2, held Yellow jersey after stages 2–10

held White jersey after stages 2–21

5 White jersey
1983 Phil Anderson Peugeot–Shell–Michelin 9
1984 Phil Anderson Panasonic–Raleigh 10
Allan Peiper Peugeot–Shell–Michelin 95
1985 Phil Anderson Panasonic–Raleigh 5
Allan Peiper Peugeot–Shell–Michelin 86
1986 Phil Anderson Panasonic–Merckx–Agu 39
1987 Phil Anderson Panasonic–Isostar 27
Allan Peiper Panasonic–Isostar DNF – 21
Shane Sutton ANC–Halfords–Lycra DNF – 13
Květoslav Palov[n 4] ANC–Halfords–Lycra 103
1988 Michael Wilson Weinmann–La Suisse–SMM Uster 50
1989 Michael Wilson Helvetia–La Suisse 69
Phil Anderson TVM 38
Stephen Hodge Paternina–Marcos Eguizabal 83
1990 Phil Anderson TVM 71
Stephen Hodge ONCE 34
Allan Peiper Panasonic–Sportlife won stage 2 (TTT) DNF – 8
1991 Phil Anderson Motorola won stage 10 45
Stephen Hodge ONCE 67
1992 Phil Anderson Motorola 81
Stephen Hodge ONCE 93
Neil Stephens ONCE 74
Allan Peiper Tulip 126
1993 Phil Anderson Motorola 84
Neil Stephens ONCE DNF – 13
1994 Phil Anderson Motorola 69
Neil Stephens ONCE 52
Stephen Hodge Festina 83
Patrick Jonker[n 2] Novemail–Laser Computer DNF – 14
1995 Neil Stephens ONCE 60
Stephen Hodge Festina 64
1996 Neil Stephens ONCE 49
Patrick Jonker[n 2] ONCE 12
Scott Sunderland Loto 101
1997 Neil Stephens Festina won stage 17 54
Patrick Jonker[n 2] Rabobank 62
Robbie McEwen Rabobank 117
Henk Vogels GAN 99
Stuart O'Grady GAN 109
1998 Robbie McEwen Rabobank 63
Stuart O'Grady GAN won stage 14, held Yellow jersey after stages 4–6 [n 1] 54
Neil Stephens Festina–Lotus DNF – 6
Patrick Jonker[n 2] Rabobank 34
1999 Robbie McEwen Rabobank won stage 20 122
Stuart O'Grady Crédit Agricole held Green jersey after stages 9–11 94
Patrick Jonker[n 2] Rabobank 97
Henk Vogels Crédit Agricole 121
Jay Sweet BigMat–Auber 93 DNF – 15
2000 Robbie McEwen Farm Frites 113
Stuart O'Grady Crédit Agricole DNF – 7
2001 Stuart O'Grady Crédit Agricole won stage 5 (TTT), held Yellow jersey after stages 3–6 & 8–9,

held Green jersey after stages 8–19

54
Bradley McGee Française des Jeux 83
2002 Stuart O'Grady Crédit Agricole 77
Bradley McGee Française des Jeux won stage 7 109
Baden Cooke Française des Jeux 127
Robbie McEwen Lotto–Adecco won stages 3 & 20, held Green jersey after stages 10 & 13–20 130 Green jersey
2003 Stuart O'Grady Crédit Agricole 90
Robbie McEwen Lotto–Domo held Green jersey after stages 2–5 & 18–19 143
Bradley McGee FDJeux.com won prologue, held Yellow jersey after prologue & stages 1–2

held Green jersey after prologue

133
Baden Cooke FDJeux.com won stage 2 held Green jersey after stages 7–17 & 20 140 Green jersey
Matthew Wilson FDJeux.com DNF – 11
Michael Rogers Quick-Step–Davitamon 42
Nick Gates Lotto–Domo DNF – 16
2004 Stuart O'Grady Cofidis – Le Crédit par Téléphone won stage 5, held Green jersey after stages 6–7 61
Bradley McGee Française des Jeux DNF – 5
Baden Cooke Française des Jeux 139
Matthew Wilson Française des Jeux 144
Michael Rogers Quick-Step–Davitamon 22
Robbie McEwen Lotto–Domo won stages 2 & 9, held Yellow jersey after stage 3

held Green jersey after stages 3–5 & 8–20

122 Green jersey
Nick Gates Lotto–Domo DNF – 1
Scott Sunderland Alessio–Bianchi 96
Allan Davis Liberty Seguros 98
2005 Stuart O'Grady Cofidis – Le Crédit par Téléphone 77
Bradley McGee Française des Jeux 105
Baden Cooke Française des Jeux 142
Simon Gerrans Ag2r 126
Michael Rogers Quick Step 41
Robbie McEwen Davitamon–Lotto won stages 5, 7 &13 134
Matt White Cofidis 123
Luke Roberts Team CSC 123
Allan Davis Liberty Seguros–Würth 84
Cadel Evans Davitamon–Lotto 8
2006 Stuart O'Grady Team CSC 91
Michael Rogers T-Mobile Team 9
Simon Gerrans AG2R Prévoyance 79
Cadel Evans Davitamon–Lotto 4
Robbie McEwen Davitamon–Lotto won stages 2, 4 & 6 held Green jersey after stages 2 & 4–20 116 Green jersey
2007 Stuart O'Grady Team CSC DNF – 8
Michael Rogers T-Mobile Team DNF – 8
Simon Gerrans AG2R Prévoyance 94
Cadel Evans Predictor–Lotto won stage 13 2
Robbie McEwen Predictor–Lotto won stage 1, held Green jersey after stage 1 DSQ – 8
Heinrich Haussler[n 5] Gerolsteiner 129
Brett Lancaster Team Milram DNF – 5
2008 Stuart O'Grady Team CSC Saxo Bank 109
Simon Gerrans Crédit Agricole won stage 15 79
Cadel Evans Silence–Lotto held Yellow jersey after stages 10–14 2
Robbie McEwen Silence–Lotto 122
Brett Lancaster Team Milram 129
Baden Cooke Barlowoeld DNF – 12
Mark Renshaw Crédit Agricole DNF – 15
Trent Lowe Garmin–Chipotle 77
Adam Hansen Team Columbia 108
Heinrich Haussler[n 5] Gerolsteiner 126
2009 Stuart O'Grady Team Saxo Bank 124
Cadel Evans Silence–Lotto 30
Brett Lancaster Cervélo TestTeam 127
Mark Renshaw Team Columbia–HTC 149
Michael Rogers Team Columbia–HTC 103
Matthew Lloyd Silence–Lotto 46
Heinrich Haussler[n 5] Cervélo TestTeam 97
2010 Stuart O'Grady Team Saxo Bank 149
Cadel Evans BMC Racing Team held Yellow jersey after stage 8 26
Brett Lancaster Cervélo TestTeam 159
Michael Rogers Team Columbia–HTC 37
Matthew Lloyd Omega Pharma–Lotto 47
Simon Gerrans Team Sky DNS – 9
Robbie McEwen Team Katusha 165
Adam Hansen Team HTC–Columbia DNS – 2
Mark Renshaw Team Columbia–HTC DSQ – 12
Luke Roberts Team Milram 103
Wesley Sulzberger FDJ 152
2011 Stuart O'Grady Leopard Trek 78
Simon Gerrans Team Sky 96
Cadel Evans BMC Racing Team won stage 4, held Yellow jersey after stages 20–21,

held Polkadot jersey after stages 4–5

1 Yellow jersey
Mark Renshaw HTC–Highroad 163
Richie Porte Saxo Bank–SunGard 72
Matthew Goss HTC–Highroad 142
2012 Stuart O'Grady Orica–GreenEDGE 97
Cadel Evans BMC Racing Team 7
Mark Renshaw Rabobank DNF – 11
Richie Porte Team Sky 34
Matthew Goss Orica–GreenEDGE 120
Matthew Lloyd Lampre–ISD DNS – 10
Simon Gerrans Orica–GreenEDGE 79
Baden Cooke Orica–GreenEDGE 117
Michael Rogers Team Sky 23
Jonathan Cantwell Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank 137
Brett Lancaster Orica–GreenEDGE DNF – 15
Adam Hansen Lotto–Belisol 81
2013 Stuart O'Grady Orica–GreenEDGE won stage 4 (TTT) 161
Cadel Evans BMC Racing Team 39
Richie Porte Team Sky 19
Matthew Goss Orica–GreenEDGE won stage 4 (TTT) 152
Simon Gerrans Orica–GreenEDGE won stages 3 & 4 (TTT), held Yellow jersey after stages 4–5 80
Michael Rogers Saxo–Tinkoff 16
Brett Lancaster Orica–GreenEDGE won stage 4 (TTT) 154
Adam Hansen Lotto–Belisol 72
Rohan Dennis Garmin–Sharp DNS – 9
Cameron Meyer Orica–GreenEDGE won stage 4 (TTT) 130
Simon Clarke Orica–GreenEDGE won stage 4 (TTT) 68
2014 Richie Porte Team Sky 23
Simon Gerrans Orica–GreenEDGE DNS – 17
Michael Rogers Tinkoff–Saxo won stage 16 26
Simon Clarke Orica–GreenEDGE 113
Mark Renshaw Omega Pharma–Quick-Step 142
Adam Hansen Lotto–Belisol 64
Luke Durbridge Orica–GreenEDGE 122
Mathew Hayman Orica–GreenEDGE DNF – 10
Heinrich Haussler[n 5] IAM Cycling DNF – 18
Zak Dempster NetApp–Endura 151
2015 Richie Porte Team Sky 48
Simon Gerrans Orica–GreenEDGE DNS – 3
Michael Rogers Tinkoff–Saxo 36
Mark Renshaw Etixx–Quick-Step DNF – 18
Adam Hansen Lotto–Soudal 114
Luke Durbridge Orica–GreenEDGE 151
Michael Matthews Orica–GreenEDGE 152
Zak Dempster NetApp–Endura DNF – 12
Rohan Dennis BMC Racing Team won stages 1 & 9, held Yellow jersey, White jersey & Green jersey after stage 1 101
Nathan Haas Cannondale–Garmin DNF – 17
2016 Leigh Howard IAM Cycling 172
Richie Porte BMC Racing Team 5
Rohan Dennis BMC Racing Team DNS – 16
Mark Renshaw Team Dimension Data DNF – 9
Adam Hansen Lotto–Soudal 100
Simon Gerrans Orica–BikeExchange DNS – 13
Luke Durbridge Orica–BikeExchange 112
Mathew Hayman Orica–BikeExchange 135
Michael Matthews Orica–BikeExchange won stage 10 110
2017 Richie Porte BMC Racing Team DNF – 9
Mark Renshaw Team Dimension Data DNF – 9
Adam Hansen Lotto–Soudal 113
Michael Matthews Team Sunweb won Stage 14, Stage 16, held Green jersey from Stage 17 to finish 69 Green jersey
Luke Durbridge Orica–Scott DNF – 2
Mathew Hayman Orica–Scott 151
Damien Howson Orica–Scott 88
Simon Clarke Cannondale–Drapac 86
Jay McCarthy Bora–Hansgrohe 94
2018 Richie Porte BMC Racing Team won stage 3 (TTT) DNF – 9
Mark Renshaw Team Dimension Data DNF – 11
Simon Gerrans BMC Racing Team won stage 3 (TTT) 107
Michael Matthews Team Sunweb DNS – 5
Luke Durbridge Mitchelton–Scott 118
Mathew Hayman Mitchelton–Scott 108
Michael Hepburn Mitchelton–Scott 117
Damien Howson Mitchelton–Scott DNF – 16
Simon Clarke EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale 100
Heinrich Haussler Bahrain–Mérida 125
Rory Sutherland UAE Team Emirates 106
2019 Richie Porte Trek-Segafredo 11
Michael Matthews Team Sunweb 67
Michael Hepburn Mitchelton–Scott 146
Luke Durbridge Mitchelton–Scott 109
Jack Haig Mitchelton–Scott 38
Rohan Dennis Bahrain-Mérida DNF – 12
Caleb Ewan Lotto–Soudal won stages 11, 16 & 21 132
Simon Clarke EF Education First 61
2020 Richie Porte Trek-Segafredo 3
Caleb Ewan Lotto–Soudal won Stage 3 & 11 144
2021 Richie Porte Ineos Grenadiers 38
Caleb Ewan Lotto–Soudal DNS – 4
Michael Matthews Team Bike Exchange 79
Luke Durbridge Team Bike Exchange 100
Simon Clarke Team Qhubeka NextHash 123
Miles Scotson Groupama–FDJ DNF – 11
Jack Haig Team Bahrain Victorious DNF – 3
Ben O'Connor AG2R Citroën Team Won Stage 9 4
Lucas Hamilton Team BikeExchange DNF – 13
Harry Sweeny Lotto–Soudal 85
2022 Simon Clarke Israel–Premier Tech won Stage 5 COV-15
Caleb Ewan Lotto–Soudal 135 Red jersey
Ben O'Connor AG2R Citroën Team DNS-10
Jack Haig Team Bahrain Victorious DNF-5
Luke Durbridge Team BikeExchange–Jayco COV-10
Michael Matthews Team BikeExchange–Jayco won Stage 14 78
Nick Schultz Team BikeExchange–Jayco 23
Michael Storer Groupama–FDJ 35
Chris Hamilton Team DSM 38
2023[20] Simon Clarke Israel–Premier Tech 109
Caleb Ewan Lotto–Dstny DNF-13
Matthew Dinham Team DSM 58
Luke Durbridge Team Jayco–AlUla 130
Alex Edmondson Team DSM 146
Jack Haig Team Bahrain Victorious 28
Chris Hamilton Team DSM 46
Chris Harper Team Jayco–AlUla 16
Jai Hindley Bora–Hansgrohe won stage 5, held Yellow jersey 7
Ben O'Connor AG2R Citroën Team 17
Nick Schultz Israel–Premier Tech 39
Sam Welsford Team DSM 144
2024[21] Luke Durbridge Team Jayco–AlUla 123
Jarrad Drizners Lotto–Dstny 139
Jack Haig Team Bahrain Victorious 31
Chris Harper Team Jayco–AlUla DNS-16
Jai Hindley Bora–Hansgrohe 18
Michael Matthews Team Jayco–AlUla 89

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b O'Grady has admitted that he had taken EPO prior to the 1998 Tour de France "I doped for 1998 Tour de France, confesses Australian cycling star Stuart O'Grady". The Advertiser. Adelaide. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Patrick Jonker is a dual Netherlands and Australian national but rode for Australia at 1992 and 1996 Olympic Games. "Patrick Jonker". Sports Reference – Olympic Sports. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  3. ^ Bill Lawrie in Tour de France is listed from Great Britain but was from Australia.
  4. ^ Květoslav Palov nationality is in dispute. Tour de France database listed him from Czech Republic but other sources indicate he had Australian citizenship. Bacon, Ellis (2004). Cycling anthology. Volume 2. London: Yellow Jersey Publishing. ISBN 9780224099561.
  5. ^ a b c d Heinrich Haussler, a dual German and Australian national, rode for German teams until 2010. "Haussler renounces German citizenship". Cycling News, 8 July 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2015.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Culbert, David (26 June 2013). "Tour de France: 45 riders make up Australia's proud history at Le Tour". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  2. ^ Fry, Craig. "John Beasley — Australia's oldest living Tour de France rider". Cycling Tips. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b Guinness, Rupert (2003). Guinness, Rupert. Aussie Aussie Aussie Oui Oui Oui! Australian Cyclists in the 100 years of the Tour de France. Sydney: Random House. ISBN 1740512456.
  4. ^ "Salzwedel: back to British Cycling". Eide Media website. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  5. ^ Bacon, Ellis; et al. (2014). The Cycling anthology. Volume 3. London: Yellow Jersey Press. ISBN 978-0956781482.
  6. ^ "Once Were Warriors". Bicycling Australia 2010. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  7. ^ "Reflecting On A 'Legend' : Charlie Walsh". Cycling Tips, March 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  8. ^ Traill, Jim. "Cadel Evans: A long ride to the top step". ABC Local Stories, 11 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  9. ^ "Passion, Performance and Powermeters". Cycling Tips, July 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  10. ^ "Cycling Australia announces Tour de France team of the century". Cycling News, 21 November 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  11. ^ "The world's greatest race, Tour de France on SBS". SBS Media Release, 16 June 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  12. ^ a b "Australia at the Tour de France". Tour de France website. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  13. ^ "Tour de France". Australian Cycling Memories website. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  14. ^ "The 10 Aussies riding the 2021 Tour de France". Bicycling Australia. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  15. ^ "Cadel Evans cycling collection". National Museum of Australia website. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  16. ^ "Lanterne Rouge". Cycling Tips, July 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  17. ^ Giuliani, Simone (25 July 2022). "Caleb Ewan: Most positive thing about Tour de France is that I finished". cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  18. ^ "Tour de France: Aussie Michael Matthews breaks Tour jinx to win 10th stage". ABC News. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  19. ^ "Australian veteran Simon Clarke wins Tour de France fifth stage in crowning achievement in 20-year career". ABC News. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  20. ^ Davies, Josh (28 June 2023). "The Australians racing the 2023 Tour de France". AusCycling. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  21. ^ "Australians at Tour de France 2024: Results, riders, teams, schedule, stages | Sporting News Australia". www.sportingnews.com. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
[edit]

Further reading

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  • O'Grady, Stuart and Homfray, Reece (2014), Battle Scars, Melbourne, Hardie Grant.
  • Evans, Cadel (2011). Cadel Evans : the long road to Paris, Melbourne, Hardie Grant. 2011.
  • McEwan, Robbie and Pickering, Edward (2011),One way road, Sydney, Ebury Press.
  • Guinness, Rupert (2009). What a ride from Phil Anderson to Cadel Evans : an Aussie pursuit of the Tour de France, Sydney, Allen and Unwin.
  • Curtis, Martin (2008), Russell Mockridge : the man in front, Melbourne, Melbourne Books.
  • Peiper, Allan with Sidwells, Chris (2005), A Peiper's tale, London, Sport & Publicity.
  • Guinness, Rupert (2003), Aussie Aussie Aussie Oui Oui Oui! Australian Cyclists in the 100 years of the Tour de France, Sydney, Random House Australia.
  • Anderson, Phil with Valentine-Anderson, Christi (1999), Philip Anderson : cycling legend, Melbourne, Lothian.
  • Opperman, Hubert (1977), Pedals, politics and people, Sydney, Haldane Publishing.
  • Sir Hubert Opperman interviewed by Mel Pratt in the Mel Pratt collection (1975), National Library of Australia
  • Burrowes, John (1960), My world on wheels : the posthumous autobiography of Russell Mockridge, London, Stanley Paul.