Aurelio Tolentino
Aurelio Tolentino | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Aurelio Tolentino depicted in a 1915 publication of "Ang Buhok ni Ester" | |
| Born | Aurelio Tolentino y Valenzuela October 15, 1869 |
| Died | July 5, 1915 (aged 45) |
| Occupation(s) | Poet, journalist and playwright |
| Spouse | Natividad Hilario |
Aurelio Tolentino y Valenzuela (October 15, 1869[1] – July 5, 1915) was a Kapampangan playwright, poet, journalist, and revolutionary.[2] His works at the turn of the 20th century depicted his desire to see Philippine independence from its colonizers. He was arrested twice, first by the Spaniards and later by American forces.[3] He wrote and directed the anti-imperialist play Nápun, Ngéni at Búkas (Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas; Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow), which led to his arrest in 1903.[4]
Early life and career
[edit]
Tolentino was born in Santo Cristo, Guagua, Pampanga, he was the third and youngest child of Leonardo Tolentino and Patrona Valenzuela. Tolentino received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and read law at the University of Santo Tomas.[5]
Later in his life, Aurelio Tolentino moved to Tondo, Manila, where he became a court desk official.
Later career
[edit]In Tondo, he met Andres Bonifacio, one of the founders of Katipunan and eventual leader of the Philippine revolution against Spain. Tolentino would eventually become an early member of the Katipunan. He accompanied Bonifacio in their search for a secret headquarters in the mountains of Morong province (now Rizal) in preparation for the start of the Philippine Revolution.[4]
Tolentino was arrested shortly after the start of the war and was detained for nine months. He took part in the revolutionary campaigns of Gen. Vicente Lukban after his release.[4] He continued to support the cause for Philippine sovereignty and became one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence in Kawit, Cavite, in 1898.[6]
When Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States, Tolentino formed Junta de Amigos, a secret organization composed of former Katipuneros to fight for independence from the Americans. Later, he attempted to reorganize the Revolutionary Army but was unsuccessful, in part due to the surrender of Emilio Aguinaldo.[5] This led Tolentino to shift his focus from warfare to propaganda.[6] He edited several anti-US newspapers in Tagalog and Kapampangan, some of which were closed down by the American authorities.
On May 14, 1903, his now famous verse drama, Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas, premiered at Manila's Teatro Libertad. The script called for tearing of the American flag, which was seen by some Americans in the audience. After the show, he was promptly arrested for sedition and rebellion. He was pardoned in 1912 by Governor General W. Cameron Forbes partly due to pressure from Washington.
After his release, he continued to write for the theater. Among his later works is Ang Bagong Cristo, a proletarian interpretation of the story of Christ.
Tolentino also founded the first worker's cooperative in the Philippines, Samahang Hanapbuhay ng Mahihirap, as well as El Parnaso Filipino, a school for the promotion of Tagalog literature.[5][7]
Death
[edit]Tolentino died on July 5, 1915, in Manila. He was buried in the Manila North Cemetery. His remains were transferred to his hometown in Guagua in 1921, where it is interred under a commemorative monument.[6]
In popular culture
[edit]- The Little Theater of the Cultural Center of the Philippines is named after Aurelio Tolentino.
- Tolentino was portrayed by Francis Magalona in the 1997 TV series, of ABS-CBN's Bayani
- Tolentino was portrayed by VJ Mendoza in the 2013 TV series, Katipunan.
- Tolentino's life was the subject of the 2017 rock opera Aurelio Sedisyoso, staged by Tanghalang Pilipino at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Ocampo, Ambeth (September 20, 2019). "Aurelio Tolentino's handwritten autobiography". Inquirer.net. INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- ^ "150th birth anniversary of Aurelio Tolentino". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. October 9, 2017. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ Tantingco, Robby (January 4, 2010). "Tantingco: Guagua and Aurelio Tolentino". Sunstar. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ a b c Noel Sales, Barcelona (May 16, 2009). "Aurelio Tolentino and His Play Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas". Bulatlat. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ a b c Barcelona, Noel Sales (May 16, 2009). "Aurelio Tolentino and His Play Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas". Bulatlat.com. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
- ^ a b c Tantingco, Robby. "Guagua and Aurelio Tolentino". Sunstar. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014.
- ^ "Birth anniversary of revolutionary hero Aurelio Tolentino". Manila Bulletin. October 13, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Agbayani, Susan Claire (August 30, 2017). "Who was Aurelio Tolentino and why should we care? | BusinessWorld". Business World. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
External links
[edit]- Works by Aurelio Tolentino at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Aurelio Tolentino at the Internet Archive
- Works by Aurelio Tolentino at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1869 births
- 1915 deaths
- Writers from Pampanga
- People from Tondo, Manila
- People from Guagua
- Kapampangan people
- Filipino male dramatists and playwrights
- Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni
- University of Santo Tomas alumni
- People of the Philippine Revolution
- People of the Philippine–American War
- Members of the Philippine Independent Church
- Burials at the Manila North Cemetery