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August 1905

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August 9, 1905: Russian and Japanese delegates open peace negotiations in U.S. at Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Indian tribal delegates approve constitution for proposed 46th U.S. state, Sequoyah

August 1, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • Japan established its own government on the recently-captured Russian island of Sakhalin.[1]
  • Tsar Nicholas II of Russia held a council of the grand dukes, cabinet ministers, and other officials to make plans to create the Duma, Russia's first representative legislature.[1]

August 2, 1905 (Wednesday)

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August 3, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • The Governor of Louisiana ordered the state naval reserve to seize two U.S. Coast Guard cutters outside of New Orleans. The ships had been directed to enforce a quarantine against people leaving the state during a yellow fever epidemic.[1] One cutter was seized the next day, while the other sailed away.

August 4, 1905 (Friday)

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August 5, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • The peace conference representatives of Russia and Japan met for the first time as the guests of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt at his home in Oyster Bay, New York.[1] From there, they sailed on U.S. Navy ships for the meeting site at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The peace envoys of Russia and Japan arrived on August 8, where they were welcomed by the Governor of New Hampshire.

August 6, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • In a gunbattle in New York City's Chinatown section, three Chinese residents were shot dead and several others severely injured.[1]

August 7, 1905 (Monday)

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picture1
picture2
King Oscar and Crown Prince Gustaf

August 8, 1905 (Tuesday)

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August 9, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • The peace conference between Russia and Japan began at Portsmouth. The next day, Japan presented its terms for peace and the Russian representatives telegraphed the information to Tsar Nicholas.[1]
  • Born: Leo Genn, English stage, film, TV and radio actor; in London (d. 1978)

August 10, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • U.S. President Roosevelt addressed a large crowd of mining union members at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.[1]

August 11, 1905 (Friday)

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  • The Russian Council appointed by Tsar Nicholas II met at Peterhoff and approved a plan for a national Duma, the first representative assembly in the Empire.[1]

August 12, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • Russia's Tsar sent his counterproposal to Japan regarding peace conditions, and the conference began to consider the 12-point agenda. The Russians agreed to three of the 12 conditions on August 14, and two more on August 15.[1]
  • Leopold II of Belgium opened the Antwerpen-Central railway station.
  • The first running took place of the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb in England, the world's oldest motorsport event to be staged continuously on its original course.

August 13, 1905 (Sunday)

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August 14, 1905 (Monday)

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  • Judge Frank Plumley, the American arbitrator of France's claims against Venezuela, allowed $636,212 of more than eight million dollars worth of demands.[1]
  • Polish novelist Henryk Sienkiewicz was sentenced to house arrest indefinitely after being convicted of signing and publishing a manifesto protesting the Russification of schools within the Governorate of Warsaw.[1]
  • Died: Simeon Solomon, 64, controversial British painter who achieved posthumous fame

August 15, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • Mexican-American prospector Pablo Valencia got lost in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona with no water. Enduring almost eight days of dehydration, Valencia wandered until he was discovered on August 23 by anthropologist William J. McGee and McGee's Papago Indian assistant, Jose.[2] McGee would later recount Valencia's ordeal in a paper, "Desert Thirst as Disease".[3]
  • Japanese troops landed on Russian soil, coming ashore at Siberia after crossing the Strait of Tartary.[1]

August 16, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • The Sultan of Morocco refused the French ministers demands for the release of an Algerian chief, as well as for indemnity for French financial losses.[1]
  • Born: Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician and cryptologist who reconstructed Germany's Enigma machine during World War II (d. 1980)
  • Died: Lyman Hall, 46, President of Georgia Tech since 1896

August 17, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • Negotiations between Russia and Japan broke down over disagreements with the remaining seven Japanese conditions for peace. The conference adjourned the next day, but agreed to meet again on August 22.[1]

August 18, 1905 (Friday)

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  • Russian Tsar II proclaimed the creation of the Russia's first representative assembly, to be selected by indirect vote.[1]

August 19, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • President Roosevelt invited one of the Russian peace envoys, Baron Rosen, to discuss with him the necessity to make peace.[1]

August 20, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen formed the first chapter of Tongmenghui, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the Manchu dynasty.
  • Lord Curzon resigned as Viceroy of India, and the Earl of Minto was appointed as his successor.[1]
  • Born:
  • Died: Canadian Senator David Wark, 101, the longest-lived legislator in the world, Senator for the province of New Brunswick for 38 years since the founding of the Dominion of Canada in 1867

August 21, 1905 (Monday)

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  • The Sequoyah Constitutional Convention took place in Muskogee in the U.S. Indian Territory and approved a constitution for the proposed State of Sequoyah, seeking admission as the only Native American majority state in the U.S.[4] Delegates from the Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw and Seminole nations drafted the document, which was approved overwhelmingly in a November 7 referendum. Instead, President Roosevelt proposed the joining of the Indian Territory with the white-ruled Oklahoma Territory, and the Oklahoma Enabling Act would unify the two territories effective June 16, 1906, with Oklahoma admitted as the 46th U.S. state on November 16, 1907.
  • Died: Mary Mapes Dodge, 74, American children's author known for the novel Hans Brinker, or The Silver Skates

August 22, 1905 (Tuesday)

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August 23, 1905 (Wednesday)

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Knabenshue on his dirigible (in Toledo, Ohio)
  • A. Roy Knabenshue introduced the dirigible to the skies of New York City, piloting the lighter-than-air vehicle within view of hundreds of hundreds of thousands of spectators. The airship lifted off from Central Park at 2:12 in the afternoon and, flying at an altitude of 5,000 feet (1,500 m) passed over East 23rd Street ten minutes later, traveling over 59th Street before turning around 11 minutes later, and landed at 2:44.[6][7][8]
  • Born: Constant Lambert, British composer, co-founder and music director of the Royal Ballet; in Fulham, London (d. 1951 from pneumonia and diabetes)

August 24, 1905 (Thursday)

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August 25, 1905 (Friday)

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  • Theodore Roosevelt became the first U.S. President to travel underwater, after boarding the Navy submarine USS Plunger.[8]
  • A flash flood killed 18 people in the mining towns of Tabasco and Berwind, Colorado .[8]
  • Born: Saint Faustina Kowalska, Polish Roman Catholic nun, canonized in 2000; in Glogowiec (d. 1938)

August 26, 1905 (Saturday)

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Amundsen with the crew of the Gjøa
  • Near Point Barrow at the U.S. Territory of Alaska, the crew of the Norwegian ship Gjøa, led by Roald Amundsen, made the breakthrough of finding the long-sought "Northwest Passage" from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.[9] Amundsen would write later, "The North-West Passage had been accomplished-- my dream from childhood. This very moment it was fulfilled. I had a peculiar sensation in my throat; I was somewhat overworked and tired, and I suppose it was weakness on my part, but I could feel tears coming to my eyes."[10]

August 27, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • Influenced by educator Sergei Trubetskoy, Tsar Nicholas II issued a decree restoring autonomy to Russia's universities, restoring the autonomy that had been taken away from them in 1884. As part of the reform, students were allowed to hold meetings on university grounds for the first time in more than 20 years.[11]
  • Han Kyu-seol was appointed as the new Prime Minister of the Korean Empire, and the last before Korea would be turned into a protectorate of Japan. He would be fired on November 17, shortly after Korea and Japan signed the treaty of protection.

August 28, 1905 (Monday)

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  • The sinking of the American steamship Peronic killed 28 of the crew off the coast of Florida.[8]
  • Born: Sam Levene, Russian-born American stage and film actor; as Scholem Lewin (d. 2000)

August 29, 1905 (Tuesday)

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  • The largest steamship in the world was launched from the then-German port of Stettin (now Szeczin in Poland), with Kaiser Wilhelm II presiding.[8]
  • Born:

August 30, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • A solar eclipse took place, with greatest visibility in North Africa.[8]
  • Baseball star Ty Cobb made his major league debut at the age of 18, appearing for the Detroit Tigers after being called up from the Augusta (Georgia) Tourists in the South Atlantic League.[12]

August 31, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • The imperial government of China issued an order restoring commercial relations with the U.S. and prohibiting Chinese citizens from further participation in the boycott of American goods that had started on December 22, 1904.[13]
  • Born: Isadore "Dore" Schary, American playwright and screenwriter, later president of MGM Pictures; in Newark, New Jersey (d. 1980)
  • Died: Francesco Tamagno, 54, Italian operatic tenor, died of a heart attack.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y The American Monthly Review of Reviews (September 1905) pp. 283–286
  2. ^ "An Extraordinary Case of Recovery from Desert Thirst", Mining Reporter (September 27, 1906) p. 312
  3. ^ "Surveyors to Campers: 1854 to the Present", by Bill Broyles and Gayle Harrison Hartmann, in Last Water on the Devil's Highway: A Cultural and Natural History of Tinajas Altas, ed. by Bill Broyles, et al. (University of Arizona Press, 2014) p. 141
  4. ^ "Sequoyah Convention," by Richard Mize, in Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture online, Oklahoma Historical Society
  5. ^ Ian Collard, Ellerman Lines Remembering a Great British Company (The History Press, 2014) p. 199
  6. ^ "What Airship Did Today in Its Long Flight", New York Evening World, August 23, 1905, p. 1
  7. ^ "Ship Sails in Airy Sea— All City Looks Upward— Traffic in Stagnation as Knabenshue Frisks in Clouds", New York Tribune, August 24, 1905, p. 1
  8. ^ a b c d e f The American Monthly Review of Reviews (October 1905) pp. 410–413
  9. ^ Marilyn Landis, Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme (Chicago Review Press, 2001) p.149
  10. ^ Lloyd Spencer Davis, A Polar Affair (Pegasus Books, 2019)
  11. ^ Sergei Pushkarev, Self-government and Freedom In Russia (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
  12. ^ Walter Triebel, Road-Tripping the South Atlantic League: A Guide to the Teams, Ballparks and Cities (McFarland, 2015) p. 53
  13. ^ Hongshan Li, U.S.- China Educational Exchange: State, Society, and Intercultural Relations, 1905–1950 (Rutgers University Press, 2007)
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