Artificial psychology
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Artificial psychology (AP) has had multiple meanings dating back to 19th century, with recent usage related to artificial intelligence (AI).
In 1999, Zhiliang Wang and Lun Xie presented a theory of artificial psychology based on artificial intelligence. They analyze human psychology using information science research methods and artificial intelligence research to probe deeper into the human mind.[1][2]
Main Theory
[edit]Dan Curtis (b. 1963) proposed AP is a theoretical discipline.[citation needed] The theory considers the situation when an artificial intelligence approaches the level of complexity where the intelligence meets two conditions:
Condition I
- A: Makes all of its decisions autonomously
- B: Is capable of making decisions based on information that is
- New
- Abstract
- Incomplete
- C: The artificial intelligence is capable of reprogramming itself based on the new data, allowing it to evolve.
- D: And is capable of resolving its own programming conflicts, even in the presence of incomplete data. This means that the intelligence autonomously makes value-based decisions, referring to values that the intelligence has created for itself.
Condition II
- All four criteria are met in situations that are not part of the original operating program
When both conditions are met, then, according to this theory, the possibility exists that the intelligence will reach irrational conclusions based on real or created information. At this point, the criteria are met for intervention which will not necessarily be resolved by simple re-coding of processes due to extraordinarily complex nature of the codebase itself; but rather a discussion with the intelligence in a format which more closely resembles classical (human) psychology.
If the intelligence cannot be reprogrammed by directly inputting new code, but requires the intelligence to reprogram itself through a process of analysis and decision based on information provided by a human, in order for it to overcome behavior which is inconsistent with the machines purpose or ability to function normally, then artificial psychology is by definition, what is required.
The level of complexity that is required before these thresholds are met is currently a subject of extensive debate. The theory of artificial psychology does not address the specifics of what those levels may be, but only that the level is sufficiently complex that the intelligence cannot simply be recoded by a software developer, and therefore dysfunctionality must be addressed through the same processes that humans must go through to address their own dysfunctionalities. Along the same lines, artificial psychology does not address the question of whether or not the intelligence is conscious.
As of 2022, the level of artificial intelligence does not approach any threshold where any of the theories or principles of artificial psychology can even be tested, and therefore, artificial psychology remains a largely theoretical discipline. Even at a theoretical level, artificial psychology remains an advanced stage of artificial intelligence.
References
[edit]- ^ Wang, Zhiliang (2007). "Artificial Psychology". In Smith, Michael J.; Salvendy, Gavriel (eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4557. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 208–217. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73345-4_25. ISBN 9783540733454. S2CID 13060657.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Zhiliang Wang; Lun Xie (July 1999). "Artificial psychology: An attainable scientific research on the human brain". Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials. IPMM'99 (Cat. No.99EX296). Vol. 2. pp. 1067–1072 vol.2. doi:10.1109/IPMM.1999.791528. ISBN 0-7803-5489-3. S2CID 58482917.
Further reading
[edit]- Holstein, Hans Jürgen; Stålberg, Lennart (1974). Homo Cyberneticus: Artificial psychology and generative micro-sociology. Sociografica.
- Lu, Quan; Chen, Jing; Meng, Bo (2006). "Web Personalization Based on Artificial Psychology". In Feng, Ling; Wang, Guoren; Zeng, Cheng; Huang, Ruhua (eds.). Web Information Systems – WISE 2006 Workshops. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4256. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 223–229. doi:10.1007/11906070_22. ISBN 9783540476641.
- Crowder, James A.; Friess, Shelli (2012). Artificial psychology: the psychology of AI (PDF). Proceedings of the 3rd annual international multi-conference on informatics and etics. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.170.
- Artificial psychology: an attainable scientific research on the human brain. (1999). Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials. IPMM’99 (Cat. No.99EX296), Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials, 1999. IPMM ’99. Proceedings of the Second International Conference On, 1067. doi:10.1109/IPMM.1999.791528