Armillaria limonea
| Armillaria limonea | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Physalacriaceae |
| Genus: | Armillaria |
| Species: | A. limonea
|
| Binomial name | |
| Armillaria limonea (G.Stev.) Boesew. (2001)
| |
Armillaria limonea is a species of mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. This plant pathogen species is one of four Armillaria species that have been identified in Aotearoa New Zealand the others are A. novae-zelandiae, A. hinnulea, A. aotearoa).[1]
In Aotearoa New Zealand the Te Reo name is harore, the English vernacular name is lemon honeycap, and the diseases caused by Armillaria species are called root rot.[2][3][4]
Description
[edit]It was originally described as Armillariella limonea by Greta Stevenson: "Pileus 8-13 cm diam., lemon yellow, sprinkled thickly at centre and more sparsely towards the margin with dark brown, tufted scales, dry, convex at first with strongly down-rolled margin, becoming almost plane with a waved edge; flesh firm, white. Gills sinuately decurrent, moderately crowded, creamy white becoming stained pinkish fawn. Stipe 10-15 x 1-1.5 cm, light brown above substantial floccose ring, shading to brown or olive green below, velutinate, sometimes with a few tufted scales, solid, tough, slightly bulbous at base. Spores 7-8 x 5-6.5 µm, non-amyloid, moderately thick-walled; print white".[5]
The pileus of A. limonea can sometimes be bioluminescent.[6]
Distribution
[edit]Endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand and found in the North Island and northern South Island.[7]
It is reported that Armillaria limonea has been eaten without adverse reaction although others say that it is bitter and not edible.[8][6]
Hosts and disease symptoms
[edit]The Biota of New Zealand database provides an updated lists the of native and introduced plants associated with or host to A. limonea.[9] Most records of root rot disease attributed to Armillaria species (recognised by the presence of rhizomorphs and fan-like mycelial sheets under bark) do not differentiate between A. limonea and A. novae-zealandiae.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hood, I. A.; Ramsfield, T. D. (2016). "Armillaria aotearoa species nova". New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 46 (1): 2. Bibcode:2016NZJFS..46....2H. doi:10.1186/s40490-016-0058-y. ISSN 1179-5395.
- ^ Buchanan, P.; Stewart, G.; Jacob, H (2017). Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa. Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research. pp. 24–27. ISBN 978-1-77550-336-1.
- ^ Ridley, G.S. "A System for the Development of English Language Names for Agarics and Boletes in New Zealand (and Australia?)" (PDF). Australasian Mycologist. 23 (1): 27–30.
- ^ Hood, I.A. (1989). "Armillaria root disease in New Zealand Forests" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 19 (2/3): 180–197.
- ^ Stevenson, Greta (1964). "The Agaricales of New Zealand: V". Kew Bulletin. 19 (1): 1–59. doi:10.2307/4108283. JSTOR 4108283.
- ^ a b Buchanan, P.; Stewart, G.; Jacob, H (2017). Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa. Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research. pp. 24–27. ISBN 978-1-77550-336-1
- ^ Ridley, G.; Horne, D. (2006). A Photographic Guide to Mushrooms and Other Fungi of New Zealand. Upstart Press. ISBN 9781990003769.
- ^ Hall, Ian R.; New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, eds. (1998). Edible and poisonous mushrooms: an introduction. Christchurch, N.Z: Crop & Food Research. ISBN 978-0-478-10806-4.
- ^ ""Biota of New Zealand. Names and Classification of Bacteria, Fungi, Land Invertebrates and Plants. Armillaria limonea (G. Stev.) Boesew. 1977"".
- ^ Gadgil, Peter D. (2005). Fungi on trees and shrubs in New Zealand. Fungal diversity research series. Hong Kong: Fungal Diversity Press. ISBN 978-962-86765-9-0.