Arisarum vulgare

Arisarum vulgare
	Inflorescences of Arisarum vulgare
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Araceae
Genus:	Arisarum
Species:	A. vulgare
Binomial name
	Arisarum vulgare; Targ.Tozz.
	Rough native distribution of Arisarum vulgare

Arisarum vulgare, common name the friar's cowl or larus, is an herbaceous, perennial, rhizomatous plant in the genus Arisarum belonging to the family Araceae.

Description

Arisarum vulgare reaches on average 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) of height. The leaves of this geophyte plant are basal only, wide, ovate to arrow-shaped, with a petiole 12–15 centimetres (4.7–5.9 in) long. The stems are erect and unbranched, usually mottled and grow directly from the underground rhizome. A single leaflike bract (spathe) forms a purplish-brown or olive green striped tube about 5 inches long, with an open upper part helmet or hood-shaped curved forward. It encloses a fleshy greenish clublike spike (spadix) bent forward, protruding from the tube and bearing at the bottom minute purple violet flowers. The 20 male flowers are located above the four to six female, with sterile flowers completely missing. The flowering period extends from October through May. The sexes are united in the same individual plant. Pollination is granted by insects (entomophily). The fruits are greenish berries of about 1 centimetre (0.39 in)long.

Distribution

Arisarum vulgare is native to the Mediterranean Basin, from the Caucasus in the east to the southeastern Iberian Peninsula in the west, where it introgresses with Arisarum simorrhinum.^[1]^[2]

Habitat

Arisarum vulgare prefers grassy fields and rocky scrubland, forests and wasteland, mainly in shady and cool places and in moist soils, at an altitude of 0–800 metres (0–2,625 ft) above sea level.

Subspecies

The main described subspecies are the following:

Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. subsp. vulgare (above described)
Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz. subsp. simorrhinum (Durieu) Maire & Weiller

In Arisarum vulgare subsp. simorrhinum the flower stem is much shorter than the petioles. Bract and spadix are erect. The latter is thickened at the tip.

Gallery

Botanical drawing of Arisarum vulgare, Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1873)
Plants of Arisarum vulgare
Plants of Arisarum vulgare
Close-up on Arisarum vulgare
Leaf of Arisarum vulgare
Young Arisarum vulgare

Synonyms

Arisarum arisarum (L.) Huth
Arisarum australe Rich.
Arisarum azoricum Schott
Arisarum balansae Schott
Arisarum crassifolium Schott
Arisarum forbesii Schott
Arisarum incurvatum Holmboe
Arisarum jacquinii Schott
Arisarum latifolium Bubani
Arisarum latifolium Hill
Arisarum libani Schott
Arisarum serpentrium Raf.

Arisarum sibthorpii Schott
Arisarum subalpinum Kotschy ex Engl.
Arisarum veslingii Schott
Arum arisarum L.
Arum arisarum Lour.
Arum calyptrale Salisb.
Arum incurvatum Lam.
Arum libani Schott
Balmisa vulgaris (Targ.Tozz.) Lag.
Calyptrocoryne cochinchinensis (Blume) Schott
Typhonium cochinchinense Blume^[3]

References

^ "Arisarum vulgare" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Synonyms in EOL^{[permanent dead link]}

Herbaro virtual
Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia - Edagricole – 1982 - Vol. II, pag. 629
Tutin, T.G. et al. - Flora Europaea, second edition - 1993

External links

[1] "Arisarum vulgare" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 2 May 2021.

[2] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[3] Synonyms in EOL^{[permanent dead link]}

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