Aranama language

Aranama
Aranama
Tamique
Native to	Texas
Ethnicity	Aranama, Tamique
Extinct	late 19th century
Language family	unclassified
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xrt
Linguist List	xrt
Glottolog	aran1265

Aranama (Araname), also known as Tamique, is an extinct unclassified language of Texas, USA. It was spoken by the Aranama and Tamique peoples at the Franciscan mission of Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. It is only known from a two-word phrase from a non-native speaker: himiána tsáyi 'give me water!'.^[1] Variations on the name are Taranames, Jaranames ~ Xaranames ~ Charinames, Chaimamé, Hanáma ~ Hanáme.^[2]

Known words

In 1884, Albert Gatschet recorded one word and a two-word phrase from "Old Simon," a Tonkawa man who also served as an informant for the Karankawa language, of which a short vocabulary was recorded. According to Old Simon, the words were from a language that he referred to as "Hanáma" (or "Háname"):^[3]^: 193

himiyána ‘water’
Himiána tsýi! ‘Give me water!’

Lexical comparison

Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024):^[4]

language	give me	water
Aranama	tsaʹyi	himiyaʹna
Coahuilteco^[5]	-a·xa	wan
Solano^[6]	sieh	apam
Tonkawa^[7]	k-e·ke-w	ʔa·x
W. Atakapa^[8]	hiʹ-mic	ka(u)ʹkau
Karankawa^[9]	baHúšb^[a]	klej
Cotoname^[6]		aʹx̣
Comecrudo^[6]	ayemaʹ 'give'	aʹx̣

Notes

^ H stands for the unclear and putative value of <h> in French and Spanish sources.

References

^ Swanton, John Reed (1940). "Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico". Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 127: 1–145. hdl:10088/15429.
^ Craig H. Roell, "NUESTRA SENORA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO DE ZUNIGA MISSION," Handbook of Texas Online [1], accessed July 12, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
^ Mithun, Marianne (2017). "Language Isolates". In Campbell, Lyle (ed.). Language Isolates of North America. Routledge Language Family Series. London: Routledge. pp. 193–228. doi:10.4324/9781315750026. ISBN 9781315750026.
^ Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648. doi:10.1515/9783110712742-061. ISBN 978-3-11-071274-2.
^ Troike, Rudolph C. 1996. "Sketch of Coahuilteco, a language isolate of Texas". In Ives Goddard (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17: Languages, 644–665. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
^ ^a ^b ^c Swanton, John R. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office.
^ Hoijer, Harry; Thomas R. Wier (editor). 2018. Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
^ Gatschet, Albert S. & John R. Swanton. 1932. Dictionary of the Atakapa language accompanied by text material. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 108). Washington: Government Printing Office.
^ Grant, Anthony P. 1994. Karankawa linguistic materials. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 19(2). 1–56.

[10] H stands for the unclear and putative value of <h> in French and Spanish sources.

[1] Swanton, John Reed (1940). "Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico". Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 127: 1–145. hdl:10088/15429.

[2] Craig H. Roell, "NUESTRA SENORA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO DE ZUNIGA MISSION," Handbook of Texas Online [1], accessed July 12, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

[Mithun-2017-3] Mithun, Marianne (2017). "Language Isolates". In Campbell, Lyle (ed.). Language Isolates of North America. Routledge Language Family Series. London: Routledge. pp. 193–228. doi:10.4324/9781315750026. ISBN 9781315750026.

[Zamponi_2024-4] Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648. doi:10.1515/9783110712742-061. ISBN 978-3-11-071274-2.

[5] Troike, Rudolph C. 1996. "Sketch of Coahuilteco, a language isolate of Texas". In Ives Goddard (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17: Languages, 644–665. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

[Swanton_1940-6] Swanton, John R. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office.

[7] Hoijer, Harry; Thomas R. Wier (editor). 2018. Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

[8] Gatschet, Albert S. & John R. Swanton. 1932. Dictionary of the Atakapa language accompanied by text material. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 108). Washington: Government Printing Office.

[9] Grant, Anthony P. 1994. Karankawa linguistic materials. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 19(2). 1–56.

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v t e Native American tribes in Texas
Federally recognized tribes	Alabama–Coushatta Kickapoo Traditional Tribe Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
Indigenous languages	Araname^† Atacapan^† Borrado^† Caddo Coahuiltecan^† Cotoname^† Garzan^† Pakawan^† Solano^† Tamaulipecan Tanpachoan^† Tiwa Tonkawan^† Wichita^†
Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today)	Adai^≠ Anxau^≠ Apache (Lipan Apache^°, Querecho^><) Aranama^≠ Atakapa^≠ (Akokna, Akokisa, Bidai, Deadose) Caddo^* (Eyeish, Hasinai, Hainai, Kadohadacho, Nabedache, Nabiti, Nacogdoche, Nacono, Nadaco, Nanatsoho, Lower Nasoni, Neche, Nechaui) Cherokee, Texas^°* Coahuiltecan^≠ (Ervipiame, Pajalat, Payaya, Sijame, Xarames) Comanche^* Decose^≠ Emet^≠ Jumanos^≠ Karankawa^≠ (Copano^≠) Kohani^≠ Mayeye^≠ Pachal^≠ Pacoa^≠ Paguame^≠ Pampopa^≠ Papanac^≠ Pastia^≠ Pasxa^≠ Patiri^≠ Pulacuam^≠ Sana^≠ Saracuam^≠ Semonam^≠ Tamique^≠ Teyas^° Tilijae Tomoacas Tonkawa^* Wichita and Affiliated Tribes^* (Kichai, Taovaya, Tawakoni, Waco, Wichita proper) Yojuane^≠
Related topics	Sam Houston and Native American relations
^† extinct language / ^≠ extinct tribe / ^>< early, obsolete name of Indigenous tribe / ^° people absorbed into other tribe(s) / ^* headquartered in Oklahoma today

Known words

Lexical comparison

See also

Notes

References