Jump to content

Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Anti-Terror Law of 2020)

Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020
Congress of the Philippines
  • An Act to Prevent, Prohibit and Penalize Terrorism, Thereby Repealing Republic Act No. 9372, Otherwise Known as the "Human Security Act of 2007"
CitationRepublic Act No. 11479
Territorial extentPhilippines
Passed bySenate of the Philippines
PassedFebruary 26, 2020 (19–2–3)
Passed byHouse of Representatives of the Philippines
PassedJune 5, 2020 (168–36–29)
Signed byRodrigo Duterte
SignedJuly 3, 2020
EffectiveJuly 18, 2020
Legislative history
First chamber: Senate of the Philippines
Bill titleAnti-Terrorism Act of 2020
Bill citationSenate Bill No. 1083
Introduced byTito Sotto, Ping Lacson, Imee Marcos, et al.
IntroducedSeptember 30, 2019
Voting summary
  • 19 voted for
  • 2 voted against
  • 1 absent
  • 2 present not voting
Second chamber: House of Representatives of the Philippines
Bill titleAnti-Terrorism Act of 2020
Bill citationHouse Bill No. 6875
Received from the Senate of the PhilippinesMay 30, 2020
Member(s) in chargeNarciso Bravo Jr. (Masbate–1st), Raul Tupas (Iloilo–5th), et al.
Voting summary
  • 168 voted for
  • 36 voted against
  • 29 abstained
Repeals
Human Security Act of 2007
Status: In force

The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, officially designated as Republic Act No. 11479, is a counter-terrorism law intended to prevent, prohibit, and penalize terrorism in the Philippines.[1] The law was passed by the 18th Congress and signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 3, 2020, effectively replacing the Human Security Act of 2007 on July 18, 2020.[2][3]

A total of 37 petitions were filed before the Supreme Court of the Philippines challenging the law's constitutionality, making it the most assailed piece of legislation in Philippine history. On December 9, 2021, the Court announced that apart from two unconstitutional portions of the law, all other challenged provisions thereof are declared not unconstitutional.[4]

Overview

[edit]

Definition of terrorism

[edit]

The Act defines terrorism as:

  • Engaging in acts intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to any person or endangers a person's life;
  • Engaging in acts intended to cause extensive damage or destruction to a government or public facility, public place, or private property;
  • Engaging in acts intended to cause extensive interference with, damage, or destruction to critical infrastructure;
  • Developing, manufacturing, possessing, acquiring, transporting, supplying, or using weapons; and
  • Releasing dangerous substances or causing fire, floods or explosions when the purpose is to intimidate the general public, create an atmosphere to spread a message of fear, provoke or influence by intimidation the government or any international organization, seriously destabilize or destroy the fundamental political, economic, or social structures in the country, or create a public emergency or seriously undermine public safety[1]

The definition states that "advocacy, protest, dissent, stoppage of work, industrial or mass action, and other similar exercises of civil and political rights" shall not be considered as terrorist acts only if they "are not intended to cause death or serious physical harm to a person, to endanger a person's life, or to create a serious risk to public safety."

Creation of Anti-Terrorism Council

[edit]

The law also creates a presidentially-appointed body, the Anti-Terrorism Council (ATC), which would designate the persons who could be arrested as "terrorists."[5]

Because of other provisions of the law. these persons could be detained for up to 24 days (14 days with a possible 10-day extension),[6] and would not be automatically compensated for wrongful imprisonment as they originally were under the Human Security Act of 2007.[7]

Warrantless arrest

[edit]

The law allows suspects to be detained without a judicial warrant of arrest for 14 days and can be extended by 10 more days, and placed under surveillance for 60 days, that can also be extended by up to 30 days, by the police or military.[6] But an analyst argues that this provision is essential for counterterrorism to "allow more time for investigators to get valuable information from the terror suspect. A longer detention period can also provide ample time to facilitate interrogation. It can also incapacitate the suspected terrorist from wreaking havoc. Most importantly, longer preventive detention can lawfully hold suspect when usual criminal charges cannot be filed for some technical considerations."[8]

Removal of safeguard against wrongful detention

[edit]

The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 also removes a section under the Human Security Act of 2007 which is meant to safeguard against the wrongful accusation and detention of suspects. Previously, if a person imprisoned under the HSA were found to actually not be guilty, that person would be compensated for wrongful detention, with the cost "automatically charged against the appropriations of the police agency or the Anti-Terrorism Council that brought or sanctioned the filing of the charges against the accused."[7]

Under the new law, a wrongfully detained person would have to file a suit against the government in order to get any remuneration for having been wrongfully accused.[7]

Background

[edit]
Main article: Terrorism in the Philippines

Branding of "rebel groups" in Philippine history

[edit]

Conflicts with ideologically motivated groups, both armed and unarmed have frequently been labeled "terrorists," "rebels," and "bandits" throughout the Philippines' history.[9][10]

Groups branded "insurrectos" during the colonial era and World War II

[edit]

During the colonial era, forces fighting for Filipino independence, such as those under Diego Silang, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, and Macario Sakay were intentionally labeled "insurrectos" and "bandits" in order to de-legitimize and downplay their cause.[10][11] In the 1930s, the Hukbalahap of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP-1930) was one of the most active guerrilla forces fighting for Filipino freedom during World War II, but it found itself in conflict with the newly independent Philippine government after the war, until it was effectively defeated in the 1950s.[12]

Opposition groups during the Marcos administration

[edit]

A new communist organization, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), was formed in 1969, and although it was still small, the Philippine government used its formation to take advantage of the cold war red scare in the United States to increase the influx of defense support funds from the US.[13][14][15]: "43"  A 1968 Philippine senate investigation into the Jabidah massacre, in which Muslim recruits were supposedly massacred in Corregidor to prevent them from blowing the cover on a botched Military operation resulted in the rise of multiple secessionist movements in the Muslim-majority areas in western Mindanao Island, including the Muslim Independence Movement, the Bangsamoro Liberation Organization.[16] President Ferdinand Marcos cited the new communist and moro separatist movements among his reasons for declaring martial law in 1972, but also used his powers to "emasculate all the leaders" of the political opposition, allowing him to hold authoritarian power over the Philippines for more than two decades.[17]

While martial law decimated the leadership of the political opposition, it radicalized otherwise "moderate" young people of the time, leading to the rapid growth of the Communist Party of the Philippines' New People's Army.[18] In western Mindanao, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) became the dominant voice of Muslim separatism after the burning of Jolo in 1974.[19] In northern Luzon, the murder of Macli-ing Dulag for his opposition to the Marcos administration's Chico River Dam project became a rallying cry which inspired the formation of militant groups such as the Cordillera People's Liberation Army (CPLA).[20]

On the other hand, the martial law saw the creation of human rights advocacy groups across the whole political spectrum, with civil society groups such as the Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties and the Free Legal Assistance Group were joined even by church groups such as the National Council of Churches in the Philippines, Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines, and Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, and by business groups such as the Makati Business Club, in actively fighting the proliferation of human rights abuses during the period.[21]

Conflicts after 1986

[edit]

After Marcos was removed from power through the mostly-peaceful People Power revolution of 1986, the Reform the Armed Forces Movement launched numerous coups to overthrow the government,[22] while conflicts continued with the MNLF, MILF, CCP, and smaller groups like the CPLA. Ideological differences in the CCP resulted in various groups who rejected its adherence to Maoist orthodoxy splitting into more than a dozen smaller groups, including the Revolutionary Workers' Party of the Philippines.[23]

Red-tagging

[edit]
Main article: Red-tagging in the Philippines

In recent years, international organizations including the United Nations,[24] Amnesty International,[25] and Human Rights Watch[26] have called attention to the continued practice of red-tagging as a political tactic to stifle dissent in the Philippines. The practice, under which individuals or groups are labeled "communist" or "terrorist" regardless of their actual beliefs or affiliations,[27] has been noted for frequently targeting human rights organizations,[28] church or religious groups,[29][30] health worker unions,[31] the academe,[32][33] and the mainstream media.[34]

Religious extremist terrorism

[edit]

Brothers Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani and Khadaffy Janjalani split from the MNLF in 1991 and established their own group, the Abu Sayyaf, which eventually became infamous for bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, extortion,[35] rape, child sexual assault, forced marriage,[36] drive-by shootings, extortion and drug trafficking.[37] On July 23, 2014, Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon swore an oath of loyalty to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[38] In September 2014, the group began kidnapping people for ransom, in the name of ISIL.[39][40]

However, in the leadup to the passage and signing of the Anti-Terror Act of 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte said that his administration would focus on "communists." He called the Abu Sayyaf "terrorists of no value," saying "Actually the number one threat to the country, hindi Abu Sayyaf, hindi mga terorista of no value. Itong high-value targets itong mga komunista" ("Actually the number one threat to the country is not the Abu Sayyaf Group, not terrorists of no value. The high-value targets are the communists").[41]

Legislative history

[edit]

Human Security Act of 2007

[edit]
Main article: Human Security Act

The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 repeals the Human Security Act of 2007, making changes to some of the provisions as well as the definitions under terrorism.[42] Senator Panfilo Lacson, one of the principal authors of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, said that the Human Security Act of 2007 was a "dead letter law" because it has been "severely underutilized" as it only resulted in a single convicted felon and had only one proscribed organization: the Abu Sayyaf.[43]

Senate Bill No. 1083

[edit]

The bill was prepared by the Committees on National Defense and Security; Peace, Unification and Reconciliation; and Finance with the following as authors:[44]

It was approved by the Senate on February 26, 2020[45] with the following 19 voting in the affirmative:[46]

Two senators dissented:[46]

House Bill No. 6875

[edit]

The bill was introduced by the following representatives and filed on May 30, 2020.[47] Out of the 71 original authors, 15 members had their names stricken out as the authors of the controversial bill.[48] The bill was approved on final reading on June 3, 2020, as an adoption of the earlier version approved by Senate.[45] An additional 5 withdrew their authorship afterwards.[49]

  • Raneo E. Abu – Batangas, 2nd District
  • Cyrille "Beng" F. Abueg-Zaldivar – Palawan, 2nd District
  • Maria Fe R. Abunda – Eastern Samar, Lone District, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49]
  • Resurreccion M. Acop – Antipolo, 2nd District
  • Michael Edgar Y. Aglipay – Party List – DIWA
  • Marlyn "Len" B. Alonte – Biñan, Lone District, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Cristal S. Bagatsing – Manila, 5th District, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Robert Ace S. Barbers – Surigao del Norte, 2nd District
  • Julienne "Jam" A. Baronda – Iloilo City, Lone District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Joseph Sto. Niño B. Bernos – Abra, Lone District
  • Rozzano Rufino B. Biazon – Muntinlupa, Lone District, Principal author, later disowned bill as it "only copied Senate version". Withdrew authorship June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Lianda B. Bolilia – Batangas, 4th District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49]
  • Juan Pablo "Rimpy" P. Bondoc – Pampanga, 4th District
  • Narciso "Bong" Recio Bravo, Jr. – Masbate, 1st District
  • Jorge "PATROL" Bustos – Party List – PATROL
  • Argel Joseph T. Cabatbat – Party List – MAGSASAKA, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Manuel DG. Cabochan III – Party List – MAGDALO, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Arnold "Noli" D. Celeste – Pangasinan, 1st District
  • Ma. Theresa V. Collantes – Batangas, 3rd District
  • Anthony Peter "Onyx" D. Crisologo – Quezon City, 1st District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Manuel Jose "Mannix" M. Dalipe – Zamboanga City, 2nd District
  • Francisco G. Datol Jr. – Party List – SENIOR CITIZENS
  • Presley C. De Jesus – Party List – PHILRECA
  • Adriano A. Ebcas – Party List – AKO PADAYON PILIPINO
  • Evelina G. Escudero – Sorsogon, 1st District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Conrad M. Estrella III – Party List – ABONO
  • Ria Cristina G. Fariñas – Ilocos Norte, 1st District, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Danilo "Dan" S. Fernandez – Laguna, 1st District
  • Lawrence "Law" H. Fortun – Agusan del Norte, 1st District, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Pablo John F. Garcia – Cebu, 3rd District
  • Ciriaco B. Gato Jr. – Batanes, Lone District
  • Ruwel Peter S. Gonzaga – Davao de Oro, 2nd District
  • Aurelio "Dong" D. Gonzales, Jr. – Pampanga, 3rd District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Neptali M. Gonzales II – Mandaluyong, Lone District
  • Michael B. Gorriceta – Iloilo, 2nd District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Ferdinand L. Hernandez – South Cotabato, 2nd District, withdrew authorship on June 4, 2020[49]
  • Bernadette "BH" Herrera-Dy – Party List – BH, withdrew authorship on June 4, 2020[49]
  • Wilton "Tonton" Tan Kho – Masbate, 3rd District
  • Loren Legarda – Antique, Lone District, requested name be removed after being "mistakenly" referred to as coauthor[48]
  • Dahlia A. Loyola – Cavite, 5th District
  • Rodante D. Marcoleta – Party List – SAGIP
  • Ruth Mariano-Hernandez – Laguna, 2nd District, withdrew authorship on June 2, 2020[49][48]
  • Francisco Jose "Bingo" F. Matugas II – Surigao del Norte, 1st District
  • John Marvin "Yul Servo" C. Nieto – Manila, 3rd District, withdrew authorship on June 8, 2020[49]
  • Jericho Jonas "Koko" Bendigo Nograles – Party List – PBA
  • Henry S. Oaminal – Misamis Occidental, 2nd District
  • Joseph Stephen "Caraps" S. Paduano – Party List – ABANG LINGKOD
  • Wilter "Sharky" Wee Palma II – Zamboanga Sibugay, 1st District
  • Alberto "Bobby" Dapidran Pacquiao – Party List – OFW FAMILY
  • Eddiebong G. Plaza – Agusan del Sur, 2nd District
  • Roberto "Robbie" Villanueva Puno – Antipolo, 1st District
  • Strike Bautista Revilla – Cavite, 2nd District
  • Michael Odylon L. Romero – Party List – 1-PACMAN
  • Ferdinand Martin Gomez Romualdez – Leyte, 1st District
  • Xavier Jesus D. Romualdo – Camiguin, Lone District
  • Rogelio Neil P. Roque – Bukidnon, 4th District
  • Hector S. Sanchez – Catanduanes, Lone District
  • Vilma Santos-Recto – Batangas, 6th District
  • Edgar Mary S. Sarmiento – Samar, 1st District
  • Deogracias Victor "DV" Savellano – Ilocos Sur, 1st District
  • Rowena "Niña" O. Taduran – Party List – Party List ACT-CIS
  • Samier A. Tan – Sulu, 1st District
  • Sharee Ann T. Tan – Samar, 2nd District, withdrew authorship on June 3, 2020[49][48]
  • Jose "Ping-Ping" I. Tejada – North Cotabato, 3rd District, withdrew authorship on June 7, 2020[49]
  • John Reynald Marcelo Tiangco – Navotas, Lone District
  • Jocelyn P. Tulfo – Party List – Party List ACT-CIS
  • Raul "Boboy" C. Tupas – Iloilo, 5th District
  • Vicente "Ching" S.E. Veloso – Leyte, 3rd District
  • Luis Raymund "LRay" Favis Villafuerte, Jr. – Camarines Sur, 2nd District
  • Camille A. Villar – Las Piñas, Lone District
  • Eric Go Yap – Party List – Party List ACT-CIS

The House of Representatives voted 173–31 in favor of the bill, with 29 abstentions, but was corrected to 168–36 a day after to reflect corrections and retractions from members. The members voted in the plenary and via Zoom and recorded in their "All Members" Viber community[48]

Republic Act No. 11479: Signing of the law

[edit]

The law was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 3, 2020, in the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and comes as part of the Philippines continued fight against terrorism in its borders.[50] Proponents of the law have cited the siege of Marawi in 2017 as well as criminal activities from the Islamic State-linked Abu Sayyaf group, New People's Army Communist Rebels, and other supposed emerging threats to peace and public safety.[51] According to Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra, the law took effect on July 18, 2020, 15 days after it was published in the website of the Official Gazette.[52][53] The Department of Justice released the law's implementing rules and regulations on October 16, 2020.[54]

Proposal for repeal

[edit]

In 2022, Kabataan party-list Rep. Raoul Manuel, ACT Teachers party-list Rep. France Castro, and Gabriela women’s party-list Rep. Arlene Brosas filed a bill in Congress that sought to repeal the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, which supposedly violates the Philippines' international commitment to uphold human rights.[55]

[edit]
Atty. Howard Calleja et, al. vs. Executive Secretary et, al.
CourtSupreme Court of the Philippines en banc
Full case name
Atty. Howard M. Calleja, et al. Vs. Executive Secretary, et al./Rep. Edcel C. Lagman Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Melencio S. Sta. Maria, et al. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Baya Muna Party-List Representative Carlos Isagani T. Zarate, et al. Vs. President Rodrigo Duterte, et al./Rudolf Philip B. Jurado Vs. The Anti-Terrorism Council, et al./Center for Trade Union and Human Rights (CTUHR), et al. Vs. Hon. Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Christian S. Monsod, et al. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Sanlakas, Represented by Marie Marguerite M. Lopez Vs. Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Federation of Free Workers (FFW-NAGKAISA) here represented by its National President Atty. Jose Sonny Matula, et al Vs. Office of the President of the Republic of the Philippines, et al./Jose J. Ferrer, Jr. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN) Secretary General Renato Reyes, Jr., et al. Vs. H.E. Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Antonio T. Carpio, et al. Vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al./Ma. Ceres P. Doyo, et al. Vs. Salvador Medialdea, et al./National Union of Journalist of the Philippines, et al. Vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al./Kabataang Tagapagtanggol ng Karapatan Represented by Its National Convener Bryan Ezra C. Gonzales, et a. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Algamar A. Latiph, et al. Vs. Senate, represented by its President, Vicente C. Sotto, et al./The Alternative Law Groups, Inc. (ALG) Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Bishop Broderick S. Pabillo, et al. Vs. President Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./General Assembly of Women for Reforms, Integrity, Equality, Leadership and Action (GABRIELA) Inc., et al. Vs. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, et al./Lawrence A. Yerbo Vs. Offices of the Honorable Senate President and Honorable Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines/Hendy Abendan of Center for Youth Participation and Development Initiatives, et al. Vs. Hon. Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Concerned Online Citizens represented and Joined by Mark L. Averilla, et al. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Concerned Lawyers for Civil Liberties (CLCL) Members Rene A.V. Saguisag, et al. Vs. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, et al./Beverly Longid, et al. Vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al./Center for International Law (CENTERLAW), Inc., et al. Vs. Senate of the Philippines, et al./Main T. Mohammad, et al. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Brgy. Maglaking, San Carlos City, Pangasinan, et al. Vs. Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines, et al. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./University of the Philippines (UP)-System Faculty Regent Dr. Ramon Guillermo, et al. Vs. H.E, Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Philippine Bar Association Vs. The Executive Secretary, et al./Balay Rehabilitation Center, Inc. (BALAY), et al. Vs. Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Itegrated Bar of the Philippines, et al. Vs. Senate of the Philippines, et al./Coordinating Council for People's Development and Governance, Inc. (CPDG), et al. Rodrigo R. Duterte, et al./Philippine Misereor Partnership, Inc., et al. Vs. Executive Secretary Salvador C. Medialdea, et al./Pagkakaisa ng Kababaihan Para sa Kalayaan (KAISA KA), et al. Vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al./Anak Mindanao (AMIN) Party-List representative Amihilda Sangcopan, et al. Vs. The Executive Secretary, Hon. Salvador Medialdea, et al./Haroun Alashid Alonto Lucman, Jr., et al. Vs. Salvador C. Medialdea, et al.
DecidedDecember 7, 2021 (2021-12-07)
CitationG. R. No. 252578 et, al.
Questions presented
Constitutionality of Republic Act No. 11479 or the Anti-Terror Act of 2020
Ruling
PonenteJustice Rosmari Carandang
Supreme Court declared the assailed legislation partly constitutional.
Court membership
Judges sittingAlexander Gesmundo, Estela Perlas Bernabe, Marvic Leonen, Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa, Ramon Paul Hernando, Rosmari Carandang, Amy Lazaro-Javier, Henri Jean Paul Inting, Rodil Zalameda, Mario Lopez, Samuel Gaerlan, Ricardo Rosario, Jhosep Lopez, Japar Dimaampao, Midas Marquez
Concur/dissentJustices Gesmundo, Perlas-Bernabe, Leonen, Caguioa, Lopez, Gaerlan, Lopez.

The law is currently being challenged in the Supreme Court by multiple groups. Oral arguments began on February 2, 2021, after it was initially delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[56]

37 petitions were filed before the Supreme Court.[57]

Citation Petition
G.R. No. 252578 Howard Calleja, et al. (includes the De La Salle Brothers led by former Education Secretary Br. Armin Luistro and other civic groups) vs. Executive Secretary, et al.[58]
G.R. No. 252579 Representative Edcel Lagman (Albay's 1st district) vs. Salvador Medialdea, et al.
G.R. No. 252580 Melencio Sta. Maria, et al. (Far Eastern University Institute of Law professors) vs. Salvador Medialdea, et al.
G.R. No. 252585 Carlos Isagani Zarate, et al. (Makabayan Bloc) vs. Rodrigo Duterte, et al.
G.R. No. 252613 Former Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC) chief Rudolf Jurado vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al.
G.R. No. 252623 Center for Trade Union and Human Rights, et al. vs. Rodrigo Duterte, et al.
G.R. No. 252624 Christian Monsod, et al. (with Felicitas Arroyo, Framers of the Constitution with Ateneo and Xavier law professors, the Ateneo Human Rights Center, Jesuit priest Albert Alejo and the labor federation Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa (SENTRO)) vs. Salvador Medialdea, et al.[59]
G.R. No. 252646 SANLAKAS party-list vs. Rodrigo Duterte, et al.
G.R. No. 252702 Federation of Free Workers (FFW), et al. (labor groups Nagkaisa Labor Coalition (Nagkaisa) and Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU)) vs. Office of the President, et al.[60]
G.R. No. 252726 José Ferrer Jr. vs. Salvador Medialdea, et al.
G.R. No. 252733 Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan), et al. (includes 44 leaders and the National Union of Peoples Lawyers (NUPL), Movement Against Tyranny, and Karapatan) vs. Rodrigo Duterte, et al.[61]
G.R. No. 252736 Retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio, et al. (Retired Supreme Court Associate Justice and former Ombudsman Conchita Carpio-Morales with University of the Philippines law professors) vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al.[62]
G.R. No. 252741 Columnist Ma. Ceres Doyo, et al. (Senators Kiko Pangilinan and Leila de Lima, former senators Serge Osmeña and Bobby Tañada, Quezon City representative Kit Belmonte, former Quezon representative Erin Tañada, framers of the constitution Florangel Braid and Ed Garcia, journalists Maria Ressa, Chay Hofileña, Jo-Ann Maglipon, John Nery, former human rights commissioner Etta Rosales, human rights lawyer Chel Diokno—represented by the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG)) vs. Salvador Medialdea, et al.
G.R. No. 252747 National Union of Journalists of the Philippines, et al. (artists and cultural workers) vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, et al.[63]
G.R. No. 252755 Kabataang Tagapagtanggol ng Karapatan, et al. (16 youth groups including student organizations from De La Salle University, Ateneo de Manila University, University of the Philippines Diliman, and University of Santo Tomas, represented by young lawyer Dino de Leon) vs. Executive Secretary
G.R. No. 252759 Algamar Latiph, et al. (Bangsamoro residents) vs. Senate, et al.[64]
G.R. No. 252765 Alternative Law Groups, Inc. (ALG) (a coalition of 18 legal resource non-governmental organizations) vs. Medialdea[65]
G.R. No. 252767 Manila Bishop Broderick Pabillo, San Carlos, Negros Occidental Bishop Gerardo Alminaza, United Church of Christ in the Philippines Bishop Emergencio Padillo and 17 others vs. Duterte, et al.[66]
G.R. No. 252768 Gabriela vs. Duterte, et al.
UDK 1663 Lawrence Yerbo vs. Offices of the Honorable Senate President and Speaker
G.R. No. 252802 Henry Abendan and other University of the Philippines Cebu students vs. Medialdea
G.R. No. 252809 Concerned Online Citizens led by Mark Averilla (popularly known as Macoy Dubs) vs. Medialdea [67]
G.R. No. 252903 Concerned Lawyers For Civil Liberties members including former Vice-president Jejomar Binay and former Senator Rene Saguisag vs. Duterte, et al.
G.R. No. 252904 Int'l Indigenous Peoples Movement for Self-Determination & Liberation global coordinator Beverly Longid, former ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly member Samira Gutoc, et al. vs. Anti-Terrorism Council
G.R. No. 252905 Center for International Law, Inc., Vera Files, Lyceum of the Philippines University College of Law faculty, et al. vs. Senate
G.R. No. 252916 Suspected Abu Sayyaf Group members Main Mohammad, Jimmy Bla and Nazr Dilangalen, and Philippine Alliance of Human Advocates vs. Executive Secretary
G.R. No. 252921 Several Sangguniang Kabataan officials led by Lemuel Gio Fernandez Cayabyab of Barangay Magtaking, San Carlos, Pangasinan vs. Duterte
G.R. No. 252984 Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines, et al. vs. Medialdea, et al.
G.R. No. 253018 University of the Philippines Faculty Regent Dr. Ramon Guillermo, et al. vs. Rodrigo Duterte et, al.
G.R. No. 253100 Philippine Bar Association Inc. vs. The Executive Secretary, et, al.
G.R. No. 253118 Balay Rehabilitation Center Inc. et, al. vs. Rodrigo Duterte, et, al.
G.R. No. 253124 Integrated Bar of the Philippines et, al. vs, Senate of the Philippines et, al.
G.R. No. 253242 Coordination Council for People's Development and Governance Inc. (CPDG) et, al. vs. Rodrigo Duterte, et al.
G.R. No. 253252 Philippine Misereor Partnership Inc. et, al. vs, Rodrigo Duterte et, al.
G.R. No. 253254 Pagkakaisa ng Kababaihan Para sa Kalayaan (KAISA KA) et, al. vs. Anti Terrorism Council et, al.
UDK 16714 Anak Mindanao Partylist (AMIN) et, al. vs, Medialdea et, al.
G.R. No. 253420 Haroun Alrashid Alonto Lucman, et, al. vs, Medialdea, et, al.

On December 9, 2021, the Supreme Court announced that except for the qualifier to the proviso in Section 4 of R.A. No. 11479, i.e., "… which are not intended to cause death or serious physical harm to a person, to endanger a person's life, or to create a serious risk to public safety" and the second method for designation in Section 25 paragraph 2 of the same law, i.e., "Request for designation by other jurisdictions or supranational jurisdictions," the rest of the challenged provisions of the law are declared not unconstitutional. It further advised the parties and the public to await the publication of the decision and the separate opinions for the explanation of the votes.[4]

Challenges to allegations of violating the anti-terror law

[edit]

In 2021, the Olongapo Regional Trial Court acquitted Japer Gurung and Junior Ramos, Indigenous Aeta residents of Zamboanga, in the first known anti-terror law case, ruling that the accusations were the result of mistaken identities.[68]

In November 2023, the prosecutor's office in Santa Rosa City in Laguna rejected a complaint against human rights worker Hailey Pecayo and other activists over the alleged violation of the anti-terror law.[69] In the same month, a prosecutor in Antipolo, Rizal, dismissed anti-terror law charges against human rights activists Kenneth Rementilla and Jasmine Rubia.[70]

In November 2023, Windel Bolinget and three other Indigenous rights workers of the Cordillera People's Alliance filed a case before the Baguio Regional Trial Court challenging their designation as terrorists by the Anti-Terrorism Council.[71]

Responses and reactions

[edit]

International

[edit]

United States

[edit]

On July 15, 2020, 50 members of the United States Congress urged Ambassador Jose Manuel Romualdez to request the Government of the Philippines to consider repealing the "oppressive and unnecessary legislation".[72][73] The 50 representatives are:

United Nations

[edit]

On June 30, 2020, at the 44th regular session of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet has criticized the then proposed bill saying it could have a "chilling effect" on human rights work in the country and called for restraint on signing the bill from President Duterte.[74]

In November 2023, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change Ian Fry urged the government to repeal the Anti-Terrorism Act and abolish the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict. Fry also suggested that the government set up a "truth and reconciliation process to deal with the harm that has been caused by the military to members of the community."[75]

Amnesty International

[edit]

Nicholas Bequelin, Amnesty International's Asia-Pacific Regional Director, has said upon hearing news of the law being signed:

"This law's introduction is the latest example of the country's ever-worsening human rights record. Once again, this shows why the UN should launch a formal investigation into ongoing widespread and systematic violations in the country."[76]

Greenpeace

[edit]

The Southeast Asia office of Greenpeace urged the repeal of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 due to its "sweeping definition of terrorism" which it said could be abused to stifle dissent.[77]

Others

[edit]

The Washington Post called the bill's enactment as "another nail in the coffin of the Philippines' waning democracy."[78] The Diplomat has stated that the law "takes aim at dissent."[79] While Al Jazeera notes that the law is "poised to cause more terror."[80] Various international artists have expressed dissent against the legislation, including Taylor Swift.[81][82] Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg also joined the petition against anti-terrorism law.[83] German Climate change denier and right-wing activist Naomi Seibt condemn Greta Thunberg's opposition to the anti-terror law for attacking the Philippine Government and give a support to the anti-terrorism act.

Local

[edit]
Neri Colmenares, speaking at a mobilization against the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, December, 2021

Commission on Human Rights

[edit]

The Philippine Commission on Human Rights in June 2020 aired concerns that the passage of the draft law was being railroaded in Congress.[84] It described the draft law as "highly intrusive" and open to abuse by state forces.[84]

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

[edit]

On July 2, 2020, the Bangsamoro Parliament passed a resolution urging President Rodrigo Duterte to veto the anti-terrorism bill, arguing that it would lead to abuses and would unfairly target Muslim Filipinos who have historically faced religious discrimination.[85] After the passage of the bill into law, Chief Minister Murad Ebrahim released a statement saying that Bangsamoro regional government fully respects President Duterte's decision to sign the bill into law and that it would seek representation in the Anti-Terrorism Council.[86] In response, presidential spokesperson Harry Roque pointed out that the law does not provide for a council seat for the Bangsamoro regional government although the same law mandates the council to coordinate with the autonomous region's government.[87]

Philippine Independence Day protests

[edit]

More than 1,000 students and human rights activists gathered inside the UP Diliman campus on June 12, 2020, coinciding on 122nd Independence Day from Spanish colonial rule, dubbed it as "Grand Mañanita".[88] They called for the government to "junk" the proposed bill stating fears that it would curtail basic human rights and freedom of speech and dissent. The rally was held despite a government ban on mass gatherings under the general community quarantine in Metro Manila and other parts of the country because of the pandemic. Protesters could be seen wearing masks and practicing social distancing.[89][90] Similar demonstrations were held by activists in various cities such as Baguio, Legazpi, and Cebu City. Demonstrations were also held at other universities such as the De La Salle University in Manila.[90] Activist Mae Paner also present at the event, dressed up like Metro Manila Police Chief Debold Sinas who was faced controversy over his birthday celebration on May 8, 2020, which the police called it "Mananita".[88][91]

Churches and religious organizations

[edit]

The National Council of Churches in the Philippines, a fellowship of ten Philippine Protestant denominations, denounced the bill as "a travesty against God's will as it gives the government, or even just a few persons in the Anti-terrorism Council, the absolute power that determines what course people's lives will take by putting forward a very vague definition of terrorism."[92] The Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches had likewise expressed reservations about the bill, saying "We firmly believe this Act imperils the rights of Filipinos and sense of dignity which, having its origin in God, our laws are called to uphold and protect." The PCEC specifically cited "vague definitions of terrorism, and the extended period of warrantless detention, which opens the way to serious abuses of a person's rights and dignity" as reasons for concern.[93]

Others

[edit]

The National Federation of Peasant Women (Amihan) have said that the rising cases of red-tagging in the country confirm the prevalent criticisms against the controversial legislation.[94] The Association of Major Religious Superiors in the Philippines (AMRSP), which brings together the heads of men and women religious orders in the country, have expressed their dissent against the law, which they say may "assault human dignity and human rights."[95] Various Filipino artists have also expressed disappointment and dissent against the signing of the bill.[96][97] Members of the Filipino art community have also expressed their dissent.[98] But Dr. Rommel C. Banlaoi, chair of the Philippine Institute for Peace, Violence and Terrorism[99] defends the need to have a new Philippine anti-terrorism law as threats of terrorism in the Philippines have escalated even during the COVID-19 pandemic.[100] Nonetheless, Dr. Banlaoi encourages those opposed to the anti-terrorism law to continue what they are doing in order to remain vigilant and to ensure human rights protection during the implementation of the said law.[citation needed]

Celebrities, including former Miss Universe titlists Gloria Diaz, Pia Wurtzbach, and Catriona Gray, voiced their opposition to the bill.[101]

Youth

[edit]

The UP Diliman also took a knee in solidarity with Black Lives Matter and the fight against police brutality[102] after George Floyd was murdered by the police officer while being arrested for allegedly using a counterfeit bill in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[103]

Seven protesters from University of the Philippines, who were condemning the controversial anti-terror bill, and one bystander were arrested in Cebu City in June 2020 for alleged violations of general community quarantine guidelines.[104][105][106] Dubbed as "Cebu 8", the detainees were jailed for 3 days.[107] PNP Central Visayas denied the allegations that they used excessive force to disperse the anti-terror bill protests.[108]

Following the protests against the controversial anti-terrorism bill, several cloned Facebook accounts have been created on the platform. It started with University of the Philippines Cebu on June 6, 2020, which was targeted by the newly created, dummy Facebook accounts.[109] The Facebook accounts later targeted residents in Metro Manila, Iloilo, Dumaguete, Cagayan de Oro City, and other areas where protests against the bill were held.[109][110][111] As a result, the hashtag #HandsOffOurStudents trended on Twitter, where netizens condemned the creation of fake accounts.[112] Department of Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra expressed concern over the matter and ordered the agency's cybercrime division to coordinate with the NBI and the PNP to investigate the matter.[113][114]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Republic Act No. 11479". Philippine Gazette. July 3, 2020. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Statement On Republic Act No. 11479". Office of the Presidential Spokesperson – Republic of the Philippines. July 3, 2020. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
  3. ^ Esguerra, Darryl John (July 3, 2020). "BREAKING: Duterte signs anti-terror bill into law". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "SC declares Anti-Terrorism Act constitutional except for 2 provisions". Manila Bulletin. December 9, 2021. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  5. ^ "Philippines: New Anti-Terrorism Act Endangers Rights". hrw.org (Human Rights Watch). June 5, 2020. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Geducos, Argyll Cyrus B. (June 24, 2020). "Palace: Duterte backs 14-day detention of terror suspects". Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Lischin, Luke (October 9, 2019). "The Trouble with the New Anti-Subversion Act Push for the Philippines". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  8. ^ Banlaoi, Rommel (June 5, 2020). "The Philippines New Anti-Terrorism Law: Fighting Terrorism With Justice". Eurasia Review. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  9. ^ Banlaoi, Rommel (2020). The Marawi Siege and Its Aftermath: The Continuing Terrorist Threats (First ed.). London: Cambridge Scholars Publishers. ISBN 978-1-5275-3824-5. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  10. ^ a b Ocampo, Ambeth R. (December 19, 2018). "Samar, the 'howling wilderness'". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  11. ^ "The War of 1898 and the U.S.-Filipino War, 1899–1902". United States Foreign Policy History and Resource Guide. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  12. ^ "A Short History of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas". Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  13. ^ Celoza, Albert F. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275941376.
  14. ^ Schirmer, Daniel B. (1987). The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance (1st ed.). Boston: South End Press. ISBN 978-0896082762. OCLC 14214735.
  15. ^ Kessler), Richard J. (1989). Rebellion and repression in the Philippines. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300044065. OCLC 19266663.
  16. ^ George, T. J. S. (1980). Revolt in Mindanao: The Rise of Islam in Philippine Politics. Oxford University Press. pp. 130–134.
  17. ^ Romero, Paolo (October 26, 2018). "Enrile apologizes to Martial Law victims, blames 'unlucid intervals'". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  18. ^ "A History of the Philippine Political Protest". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  19. ^ "ARMM gov: Martial Law killings a 'painful part of our history as Moros'". The Philippine Star. September 24, 2018. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  20. ^ Aureus, Leonor J., ed. (1985). The Philippine Press Under Siege II.
  21. ^ Claudio, Lisandro E. (2013). Taming people's power : the EDSA revolutions and their contradictions. Quezon City. ISBN 978-971-550-655-7. OCLC 864093220.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  22. ^ The final report of the Fact-Finding Commission : pursuant to R.ANo. 6832. Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: Bookmark. 1990. ISBN 971-569-003-3. OCLC 23880806.
  23. ^ Office of Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (November 8, 2016). "A Brief History of OPAPP and the Peace Process". PeaceGovPH. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  24. ^ Robles, Nathalie (May 3, 2019). "UN experts urge PH gov't to stop red-tagging". Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  25. ^ "Philippines: Stop 'Red-Tagging', Investigate Killings of Journalists". www.amnesty.org. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  26. ^ "Human Rights Watch expresses 'deep concern' over red-tagging in Cagayan de Oro". Rappler. February 23, 2019. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  27. ^ "Religious, rights groups fight 'red tagging' in Philippines". ucanews.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  28. ^ Navallo, Mike. "SC grants rights groups' bid for protection from 'red-tagging'". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  29. ^ Orellana, Faye (April 9, 2019). "Religious leaders slam government for red-tagging missionaries". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  30. ^ II, Paterno Esmaquel (March 13, 2019). "Christian group slams red-tagging of Aglipayan bishops". Rappler. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  31. ^ Carreon, Jire. "Stop red-tagging of health workers". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  32. ^ "Xavier University slams red-tagging of its faculty, immersion program". Rappler. March 2, 2019. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  33. ^ "UST condemns AFP's 'red-tagging'". varsitarian.net. October 3, 2018. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  34. ^ "Against "Red-tagging": Media Provide Needed Context | CMFR". cmfr-phil.org. January 18, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2019.
  35. ^ Rommel C. Banlaoi (2006). "Abu Sayyaf Group: From Mere Banditry to Genuine Terrorism". Southeast Asian Affairs. 2006 (1): 247–262. doi:10.1355/SEAA06O. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  36. ^ Barbara Mae Dacanay (April 21, 2002). "Abducted nurse marries Abu Sayyaf leader". Gulf News. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  37. ^ Martin, Gus (2012). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Sage Publications. p. 319.
  38. ^ "Senior Abu Sayyaf leader swears oath to ISIS". Rappler. August 4, 2014. Archived from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  39. ^ Philip Oltermann (September 24, 2014). "Islamists in Philippines threaten to kill German hostages". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  40. ^ Sherwell, Philip (May 23, 2016). "How Abu Sayyaf makes a business of beheadings as Islamist terror gang releases 'final message' hostage video". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  41. ^ "Duterte: Terrorism, communists top threat to PH". Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  42. ^ Santos, Ana P. (June 8, 2020). "Philippine anti-terrorism law triggers fear of massive rights abuses". Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  43. ^ Moaje, Marita (June 17, 2020). "Lacson, Esperon cite weaknesses of Human Security Act". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
  44. ^ "Senate S. No. 1083" (PDF). Republic of the Philippines Senate. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  45. ^ a b "PHILIPPINES: REJECT DANGEROUS ANTI-TERROR LAW" (PDF). Amnesty International. June 4, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  46. ^ a b Press Release (February 26, 2020). "Senate OKs bill repealing the Anti-Terrorism Law". Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  47. ^ "Eighteenth Congress, First Regular Session, House Bill No. 6875" (PDF). Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Yap, DJ (June 8, 2020). "20 lawmakers step back from terror bill". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Go to http://congress.gov.ph Archived June 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, do search for "6875", click 18th Congress, click "History"
  50. ^ Banlaoi, Rommel (July 4, 2020). "The New Philippine Anti-Terrorism Law: Fighting Terror to Protect Human Rights". Philippine Institute for Peace, Violence and Terrorism Research. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  51. ^ Merez, Arianne. "Duterte signs anti-terror bill into law despite growing opposition". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  52. ^ Pulta, Benjamin (July 17, 2020). "Anti-terror law takes effect July 18: DOJ". Philippine National Agency. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  53. ^ Aning, Jerome (July 18, 2020). "Antiterror law takes effect today without IRR". Cebu Daily News. Archived from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  54. ^ Hallare, Katrina (October 17, 2020). "DOJ releases IRR of anti-terror law". Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  55. ^ "3 party-list groups eye repeal of anti-terror law". INQUIRER.net. July 5, 2022. Archived from the original on October 11, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  56. ^ "LISTEN: Oral arguments on Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 at Supreme Court". GMA News Online. February 2, 2021. Archived from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  57. ^ "G.R. Nos. 252578, et al". Supreme Court of the Philippines. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020.
  58. ^ Navallo, Mike (July 4, 2020). "Anti-terror law faces first Supreme Court challenge". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  59. ^ Buan, Lian (July 8, 2020). "Constitution framers, Ateneo professors file 6th petition vs. anti-terror law". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  60. ^ Buan, Lian (July 16, 2020). "Labor groups file 9th petition vs. anti-terror law, slam 'guilt by association'". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  61. ^ Talabong, Rappler (July 19, 2020). "10th petition vs. anti-terror law assails violation of right to bail". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  62. ^ Nonato, Vince (July 23, 2020). "Unlimited Warrantless Arrests: Carpio, Morales, UP Law Ask SC To Nullify Anti-Terrorism Act". One News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  63. ^ Buan, Lian (July 23, 2020). "Senators, journalists, Moros follow suit: Petitions vs. anti-terror law now 15". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  64. ^ Nonato, Vince (July 27, 2020). "Muslim Stereotypes Lead To Mistaken Identity: Why Bangsamoro Lawyers Oppose The Anti-Terrorism Act". One News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  65. ^ Patag, Kristine Joy (July 24, 2020). "Law groups file 17th legal challenge vs. anti-terrorism law". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  66. ^ Lagrimas, Nicole-Anne C. (July 24, 2020). "Religious groups to Supreme Court: Declare anti-terror law unconstitutional". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  67. ^ Buan, Lian (July 29, 2020). "TikToker, viral angry Aling Marie file 21st petition vs. anti-terror law". Rappler. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  68. ^ Torres-Tupas, Tetch (July 19, 2021). "Olongapo court acquits 2 Aetas in first Anti-Terror Law case". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 26, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  69. ^ Bolledo, Jairo (November 23, 2023). "3 activists are latest to win cases of feared anti-terror law". Rappler. Archived from the original on December 13, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  70. ^ Laqui, Ian (November 23, 2023). "'Lack of probable cause': Rizal prosecutor junks Anti-Terror Law charges vs 2 activists". Philippine Star. Archived from the original on December 14, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  71. ^ Umil, Anne Marxze (November 23, 2023). "4 Cordillera rights defenders challenge 'terrorist' designation in court". Bulatlat. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  72. ^ "Letter to Philippines Ambassador re Anti-Terrorism Law" (PDF). Communications Workers of America. Washington DC: Congress of the United States. July 15, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
  73. ^ Manahan, Jervis. "'We stand with Filipinos': US lawmakers urge PH to repeal anti-terror law Archived July 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine", ABS-CBN. July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  74. ^ Ramos, Christia Marie (June 30, 2020). "UN human rights chief urges Duterte: 'Refrain from signing' anti-terror bill". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  75. ^ Punongbayan, Michael; Cariaso, Bella (November 16, 2023). "UN special rapporteur proposes abolition of NTF-ELCAC". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  76. ^ "Philippines: Dangerous anti-terror law yet another setback for human rights". www.amnesty.org. July 3, 2020. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  77. ^ "Greenpeace statement on the signing into law of the Anti-Terror Bill". Greenpeace Philippines. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  78. ^ Regino, Alec. "Opinion | Another nail in the coffin of the Philippines' waning democracy". Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  79. ^ Aspinwall, Nick. "The Philippines' Broad Anti-Terrorism Law Takes Aim at Dissent". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  80. ^ Batac, Marc. "The Philippines' anti-terror bill is poised to cause more terror". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  81. ^ "Taylor Swift lends voice to #JunkTerrorBill cause in PH". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  82. ^ Lino, Cha (June 5, 2020). "Darren Criss, Bretman Rock, other international celebs oppose anti-terror bill". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  83. ^ "Greta Thunberg Joins the Petition Against the "Anti-Terrorism Law" in the Philippines #JunkTerrorLaw". Weblyf. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  84. ^ a b Gavilan, Jodesz (June 2, 2020). "CHR brands anti-terror bill 'highly intrusive,' open to abuse". RAPPLER. Archived from the original on November 26, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  85. ^ "Bangsamoro Parliament appeals to President Duterte to veto Anti-Terrorism bill". Mindanao Daily Mirror. July 2, 2020. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  86. ^ Arguilas, Carolyn (July 5, 2020). "After rejecting anti-terror bill, Bangsamoro now wants to be part of Anti-Terrorism Council". MindaNews. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  87. ^ "No seat for Bangsamoro leaders in Anti-Terrorism Council – Roque". CNN PHilippines. July 6, 2020. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  88. ^ a b "LOOK: Activist Mae Paner dresses up as Sinas for 'Grand Mañanita' protest". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  89. ^ "Philippine protesters rally over controversial anti-terror bill". Reuters. June 13, 2020. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  90. ^ a b "Today's Paper: June 13, 2020". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  91. ^ "Sinas may not be sacked as NCRPO chief despite controversial birthday feast – PNP spox". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  92. ^ Aquino, Leslie Ann (July 5, 2020). "NCCP says Anti-Terrorism Law against God's will". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  93. ^ Sy Cua, Aric John (June 5, 2020). "Church group urges Duterte to veto terror bill". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  94. ^ "Constant red-tagging of activists confirms critiques of anti-terror law – peasant group". philstar.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  95. ^ "Philippine religious orders urge 'stay order' on controversial anti-terror law – Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. July 7, 2020. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  96. ^ "'Dear Duterte, may paki ka ba sa amin?': Celebrities, artists react to anti-terror law". Rappler. July 3, 2020. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  97. ^ Malasig, Jeline (June 10, 2020). "#ArtistsFightBack: Ely Buendia, Saab Magalona and other artists urge performers to oppose anti-terror bill". Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  98. ^ "BenCab and 100 more of CCP's 13 Artist awardees issue statement against Anti-Terror Law". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  99. ^ "Philippine Institute for Peace, Violence and Terrorism Research". Philippine Institute for Peace, Violence and Terrorism Research. July 22, 2020. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  100. ^ Erwin, Colcol (June 14, 2020). "Security analyst defends anti-terror bill, says terrorism threat rises during pandemic". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on July 21, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  101. ^ "Showbiz personalities sanib-puwersa sa pagtutol sa anti-terror bill | TV Patrol". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  102. ^ Lo, Barnaby (June 4, 2020). "Protest against "urgent" anti-terror bill in Philippines gets a boost from Taylor Swift". CBS News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  103. ^ "George Floyd: What happened in the final moments of his life". BBC News. May 30, 2020. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  104. ^ "7 Anti-Terror Bill protesters held in Cebu". ABS CBN News. June 5, 2020. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  105. ^ "7 protesters arrested in Cebu City". GMA News. June 5, 2020. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  106. ^ "8 arrested in Cebu anti-terror bill rally ordered released without bail". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  107. ^ Mayol, Ador Vincent S. (June 8, 2020). "'Cebu 8' in protest vs Anti-Terrorism Bill released from jail". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  108. ^ "PNP denies using excessive force, violating U.P. agreement in Cebu dispersal". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  109. ^ a b "Users report duplicate, dummy Facebook accounts in PH". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  110. ^ "Government probes 'cloned' Facebook accounts". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  111. ^ "Fake Facebook accounts ng ilang estudyante, alumni at faculty ng U.P. naglabasan | TV Patrol". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020 – via YouTube. "Naglabasan ang mga fake at duplicate accounts ng ilang mga UP Cebu students at mga alumni, pati miyembro ng faculty. Ikinabahala ito ng universidad; tiniyak naman ng pamunuan ng UP na nakipag-ugnayan na sila sa Philippine National Privacy Commission para tulungan ang mga na-biktima ng fake at dummy accounts. Mino-monitor umano ng National Privacy Commission ang nagsulputan pekeng accounts at ipina-abot sa pamunuan ng Facebook. Pati si Department of Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra, nabahala rin sa pangyayari ito. Ayon sa kalihim, agad niyang aatasan ng DOJ Office of Cybercrime na nakipag-ugnayan sa NBI at PNP Cybercrime Units para agad itong maimbestigahan."
  112. ^ "#HandsOffOurStudents trends as Filipinos call out fake accounts swarming Facebook". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  113. ^ "DOJ cybercrime office to probe dummy Facebook accounts". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  114. ^ "DOJ to probe sudden surge of fake Facebook accounts". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Terrorism_Act_of_2020&oldid=1223159329"