Anne Spencer, Countess of Sunderland (1683–1716)
The Countess of Sunderland | |
|---|---|
 The Countess of Sunderland, by Sir Godfrey Kneller, c. 1710 | |
| Born | Lady Anne Churchill 27 February 1683 |
| Died | 15 April 1716 (aged 33) |
| Buried | Brington, Northamptonshire |
| Noble family | Churchill (by birth) Spencer (by marriage) |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Issue |
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| Father | John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough |
| Mother | Sarah Jenyns |
| Occupation | Lady of the Bedchamber |
Anne Churchill, later Anne Spencer, Countess of Sunderland (27 February 1683 – 15 April 1716),[1][2][3][a] was an English court official and noble. She once held the office of Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Anne.[6][7]
Anne Churchill was a daughter of a duke, younger sister of a duke and a mother of another duke, but her highest title was only a countess by marriage.[8]
Early life
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Anne Churchill was the third daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and Sarah Jenyns. She was named after Anne, Queen of Great Britain, then Princess Anne of Denmark, who was Anne Churchill's godmother. Anne Churchill was also goddaughter of Anne Digby, the Countess of Sunderland (her future mother-in-law).[5] As her father was created a sovereign prince by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I, Anne was also a princess of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the Principality of Mindelheim.[9] Lady Sunderland also looked after Anne and her sister Henrietta when they were little children, when Sarah had to perform her duty at court. Lady Sunderland was also the one who witnessed when Anne had her first tooth.[10]
Marriage
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After the eldest sister Henrietta Churchill got married in 1698, Sarah began arranging the marriage between her beloved daughter Anne and the young widower Charles Spencer. Charles was the son of the Countess of Sunderland, a friend of Sarah. With this idea, Sarah could be credited with the foundation of the Spencer-Churchill family. Although the Countess of Sunderland supported the marriage, Sarah was hesitant over the match. Politically, the marriage of Anne Churchill and Charles Spencer was a good match, as Charles Spencer was a rising Whig star in Parliament. But on personal level, Sarah found him unattractive, as his face had one giant smallpox scar. Her husband also disagreed with the match.[11] As a result, the courtship between Charles Spencer and Anne Churchill dragged on for almost two years.[12] On the other hand, the Duchess of Marlborough thought Charles Spencer did not love her daughter enough. But the Countess of Sunderland told Sarah that the beauty and sweetness of Anne had won her son's heart, and the Earl also gave Sarah a rash promise that Charles Spencer should be ruled by Marlborough in all things political. Finally, Sarah gave way and persuaded her husband to give permission to the marriage.[13]
On 2 January 1700, Anne Churchill married to Charles Spencer. The Princess Anne gave her goddaughter a gift of 5,000 pounds, as she did to Anne Churchill's elder sister Henrietta.[14][12][15] Despite Sarah's misgivings, the marriage of her daughter and Charles Spencer was a happy one: Anne was a wonderful wife, and Charles loved her dearly.[16]
Children
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Anne and her husband had six children, two girls and four boys:[8]
- Robert Spencer (2 December 1700 – 12 September 1701).
- Robert Spencer, 4th Earl of Sunderland (24 October 1701 – 27 November 1729).
- Lady Anne Spencer (1702 – 19 February 1769). Married William Bateman, 1st Viscount Bateman. Anne Spencer was a favourite of Caroline of Ansbach, Queen of Great Britain. She was hated by her maternal grandmother.[17]
- Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (22 November 1706 – 20 October 1758). He inherited the title Duke of Marlborough from his maternal aunt, Henrietta Churchill, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough as his maternal grandfather's eldest male heir, through the claim of his mother. Through Charles, Anne Churchill was the ancestress of Winston Churchill.[18]
- Hon. John Spencer (13 May 1708 – 19 June 1746). Father of John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer. Compared to his elder brother Charles, John was very beloved by Sarah and was inherited his grandmother's fortune.[19] Thanks to a special remainder, when his brother became Duke of Marlborough John was inherited the estates of Spencer family.[20] Through John, Anne Churchill was ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales via the current heir apparent of the British throne, William, Prince of Wales.[18][21][22]
- Lady Diana Spencer (1710 – 27 September 1735). Married John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford.
Countess of Sunderland
[edit]
On 28 September 1702, Anne's father-in-law, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, passed away; Charles and Anne therefore became Earl and Countess of Sunderland.[23] After her older sister Henrietta Godolphin, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, died, the title Duke of Marlborough was inherited by Anne's son, Charles Spencer, 5th Earl of Sunderland.[24][25]
Death
[edit]She died at the age of 33 on 15 April 1716, and was buried on 24 April in Brington, Northamptonshire.[26]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Green 1967, pp. 48.
- ^ Hibbert 2001, pp. 26.
- ^ National Portrait Gallery 1898, pp. 415.
- ^ Field 2003, pp. 39.
- ^ a b Campbell 1933, pp. 97.
- ^ Field 2003, pp. 97.
- ^ Green 1967, pp. 79.
- ^ a b Noble 1806, pp. 373.
- ^ Lediard, Thomas (1743). The life of John, Duke of Marlborough : Prince of the Roman empire. London : Printed for J. Wilcox ... pp. 339–340.
- ^ Massey 1999, pp. 20.
- ^ Campbell 1933, pp. 125.
- ^ a b Field 2003, pp. 89.
- ^ Campbell 1933, pp. 126.
- ^ Campbell 1933, pp. 126–127.
- ^ Kronenberger 1958, pp. 78.
- ^ Field 2003, pp. 92.
- ^ Fleming 1975, pp. 87.
- ^ a b Daniels, Janet (12 February 2009). "Churchill's Spencer Ancestry". International Churchill Society. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
- ^ Fleming 1975, pp. 87–88.
- ^ Rowse 1958, pp. 20.
- ^ Fleming 1975, pp. 88.
- ^ Rowse 1958, pp. n19.
- ^ Morrill, John S. "Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland | Whig politician, Tory leader, diplomat | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Doyle 1886, pp. 480.
- ^ Cokayne 1887, pp. 255–256.
- ^ Edwards 1864, pp. 371.
Bibliography
[edit]- Campbell, Kathleen Winifred (1933). Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. London, T. Butterworth.
- Cokayne, George Edward (1887). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Vol. 5. Harvard University. London, G. Bell & sons.
- Doyle, James Edmund (1886). The Official Baronage of England: Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885, with Sixteen Hundred Illustrations. Vol. 2. Longmans, Green. p. 480.
- Edwards, Edward (1864). Libraries and Founders of Libraries. Trübner.
- Field, Ophelia (2003). The Favourite: Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. London : Sceptre. ISBN 978-0-340-76808-2.
- Fleming, Kate (1975). The Churchills. New York : Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-22222-3.
- Green, David Brontë (1967). Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. New York, Scribner.
- Hibbert, Christopher (2001). The Marlboroughs: John and Sarah Churchill, 1650-1744. London: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-88677-7.
- Kronenberger, Louis (1958). Marlborough's duchess; a study in worldliness. New York, Knopf.
- Massey, Victoria (1999). The first Lady Diana. London House. ISBN 978-1-902809-01-4.
- National Portrait Gallery (1898). Historical and Descriptive Catalogue of the Pictures, Busts, &c. in the National Portrait Gallery ... London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 415.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Noble, Mark (1806). A Biographical History of England, from the Revolution to the End of George I's Reign: Being a Continuation of the Rev. J. Granger's Work ; Consisting of Characters Disposed in Different Classes; and Adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of Engraved British Heads ; Interspersed with a Variety of Anecdotes, and Memoirs of a Great Number of Persons. Vol. 2. W. Richardson.
- Rowse, A. L. (Alfred Leslie) (1958). The Churchills: from the Death of Marlborough to the Present. New York, Harper.
- Wolseley, Garnet Wolseley (1894). The Life of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, to the Accession of Quenn Anne. London, R. Bentley and son.
External links
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Media related to Anne Churchill, Countess of Sunderland at Wikimedia Commons
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