Anne Hazen McFarland
Anne Hazen McFarland | |
|---|---|
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| Born | Anne Hazen McFarland October 10, 1868 Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | December 13, 1930 (aged 62) Tallahassee, Florida, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupations |
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| Spouses |
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| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Andrew McFarland |
Anne Hazen McFarland (née, McFarland; after first marriage, Cromwell; after second marriage, Sharpe; October 10, 1868 – December 13, 1930[1]) was an American physician and medical journal editor who specialized in the treatment of mental illness in women. She criticized the contemporary idea that gynecological disorders caused insanity and nervousness in women.
Early life and education
[edit]Anne Hazen McFarland was born October 10, 1868,[a] in Lexington, Kentucky. She was the daughter of Dr. George Clinton and Elizabeth Eliott (Bush) McFarland, also a native of Kentucky. Both the McFarland and Bush families were represented in the Revolutionary War. She was the granddaughter of Andrew McFarland, M. D., LL. D.,[2] for many years Superintendent of the Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane. George McFarland, after a service in the Civil War, practiced medicine in Kentucky from 1866 until 1880.[3]
At the age of 12, along with her parents, Anne Hazen McFarland went to live with her grandfather, Andrew McFarland, at Jacksonville, Illinois, who was a celebrated specialist in the treatment of the insane, and founder of Oak Lawn Retreat, also in Jacksonville.[2] In time, her father became Assistant Physician of the Oak Lawn Sanitarium.[3]
McFarland graduated from the Jacksonville Female Academy (later MacMurray College) after a four-year course in 1887, and later took a course in bookkeeping and stenography at the University of Kentucky. Andrew McFarland saw in his granddaughter the elements from which his theory for the fitness of women for the care of the female insane could be tested, and after a preliminary study under the direction of her father and her grandfather, in 1888, she entered the Woman's Medical College of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. After three courses of medical lectures, she graduated with honors on March 30, 1891.[2][3]
Career
[edit]After graduation from medical school, McFarland began working as Medical Superintendent of the Oak Lawn Sanitarium, fulfilling her grandfather's wish that she make a special study of the care of the insane.[3][2] She was a specialist in the department of nervous system disease. She removed a fibroid tumor in a case of acute mania, in June, 1893; and performed four operations upon the heads of epileptics, with two negative results, one improved, and the last cured.[2] McFarland was a critic of contemporary notions that gynecological disorders caused insanity and nervousness in women. She "ridiculed the gynecological hypothesis as 'dull' and as serving the economic interests of physicians 'who otherwise should have to take to a change of occupation to earn a livelihood.'"[4] In 1914, she was appointed the medical examiner for the women's department of Armour and Company.[5]
McFarland wrote many papers upon various subjects, among them being "Treatment of the Insane", Transactions Illinois State Medical Society, 1892; "The Lunacy Law of Illinois", ibid., 1893; "Treatment of the insane", n.p., n.d.;[6] "The Relations of Operative Gynecology to Insanity", Medical Review, June, 1893; "Nervous Men, Nervous Women", The Woman's Medical Journal, 1895;[7] and "Nervous Troubles among Women", read before the Physical Culture Club, Springfield, Illinois. For a number of years, she served as associate editor of Woman's Medical Journal,[8] published at Toledo, Ohio, which at the time, was the only woman's medical journal in the world.[2][3]
McFarland was a member of the Illinois State Medical Society; Morgan County Medical Society, Brainard District Medical Society, the Capital Medical Society, and the American Medical Society. She was also a member and secretary of the Illinois Queen Isabella Medical Association.[2][3]
Personal life
[edit]One June 10, 1896, McFarland married Vincent Carroll Cromwell, in Jacksonville, Illinois. They lived at Cromwell place in Lexington, Kentucky,[8] until the death of Vincent Cromwell in 1899. On January 2, 1901, also in Jacksonville, she married J. Thompson Sharpe of Port Elizabeth, New Jersey, whose father and grandfather were both physicians. After his marriage, J. Sharpe became the business manager of the Oak Lawn Sanitarium. McFarland had two sons: Vincent Carroll Cromwell, born August 25, 1897; and Maskell McFarland Sharpe, born January 6, 1902. [3]
McFarland was a member of the Rector's Aid Society, the Home Economics Club, and the Country Club,[3] as well as an honorary member of “The Fortnightly.”[2] She was also a Colonial Dame and a Daughter of the American Revolution. In religion, she affiliated with the Trinity Episcopal Church.[3]
Style and themes
[edit]McFarland read a paper, "The Lunacy Law of Illinois", at the Annual Meeting of the Illinois State Medical Society in 1893.[9] The Journal of the American Medical Association reported on it, saying:—[10]
McFarland strongly condemned the existing law, and called attention to the fact that many insane patients who might be easily cured if placed in an asylum at an early stage of the disease were rendered incurably insane through the delay, and the excitement connected with their commitment. She paid her respects to the sensational newspaper reporter who gets committed to an insane asylum for the purpose of writing up alleged abuses. She made a strong plea for a new law which should be more humane in its conditions. Her conclusions are: that the provisions of the present law relating to the commitment of patients to hospitals for the insane seem to be based on the theory that insanity is a crime rather than a disease. That strict forms of legal commitment are followed by a diminution of recent cases and a disproportionate increase of the chronic class, and an increasing tendency to look upon hospitals for the insane as places of illegal detention. That every State should have a law empowering judges to send patients to insane asylums for observation in case of doubt of their sanity. That voluntary commitment should be provided for by the law. That the lunacy law of New York should be adopted by the Illinois legislature.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Northwestern University alumni news. v.10 (1930:Oct.-1931:July)". Issues for Oct. 1, 1943-July 1, 1950 Have Title:northwestern Alumni News: 48 volumes. hdl:2027/ien.35556027642511. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Watson 1896, p. 216.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bateman & Selby 1906, p. 941.
- ^ Theriot, Nancy M. (1993). "Women's Voices in Nineteenth-Century Medical Discourse: A Step toward Deconstructing Science". Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 19 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1086/494860. JSTOR 3174743. OCLC 939015565. S2CID 145004127.
- ^ American Medical Women's Association. Branch no. 2. 1914, p. 113.
- ^ New Hampshire State Library 1904, p. 826.
- ^ Nevada Humanities Committee 1985, p. 165.
- ^ a b Medical Women's National Association 1896, p. 179.
- ^ Illinois State Medical Society 1893, p. 478-.
- ^ American Medical Association 1893, p. 612.
Attribution
[edit]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: American Medical Association (1893). Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 20 (Public domain ed.). American Medical Association.- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: American Medical Women's Association. Branch no. 2. (1914). Official Bulletin. Vol. 3–8 (Public domain ed.). Chicago: American Medical Women's Association. Branch no. 2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bateman, Newton; Selby, Paul (1906). Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois. Vol. 2 (Public domain ed.). Munsell Publishing Company.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Illinois State Medical Society (1893). Transactions of the ... Annual Meeting. Vol. 43 (Public domain ed.).
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Medical Women's National Association (1896). The Woman's Medical Journal. Vol. 5 (Public domain ed.). Toledo, Ohio: Recorder Publishing Company.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: New Hampshire State Library (1904). Author List of the New Hampshire State Library, June 1, 1902 ... (Public domain ed.). J. B. Clarke Company.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Watson, Irving Allison (1896). Physicians and Surgeons of America: (Illustrated). A Collection of Biographical Sketches of the Regular Medical Profession (Public domain ed.). Republican Press Association.
Bibliography
[edit]- Nevada Humanities Committee (1985). Halcyon. Nevada Humanities Committee.
External links
[edit]- 1868 births
- 1930 deaths
- 19th-century American writers
- 19th-century American women writers
- 19th-century American women physicians
- 19th-century American physicians
- Transylvania University alumni
- Northwestern University alumni
- Physicians from Lexington, Kentucky
- American magazine editors
- American women magazine editors
- Medical journal editors
- University of Kentucky alumni
- American neurologists
- American women neurologists
- Daughters of the American Revolution people
- American women non-fiction writers
- Members of the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America