Anna Lockhart Flanigen
Anna Lockhart Flanigen | |
|---|---|
 Anna Lockhart Flanigen, photographed in the 1870s, from an 1899 publication | |
| Born | January 26, 1852 Philadelphia |
| Died | February 19, 1928 Philadelphia |
| Other names | Annie L. Flanigan |
| Occupation(s) | Chemist, college professor |
Anna Lockhart Flanigen (January 26, 1852 – February 19, 1928) was an American scientist. She was one of the first two women students at the University of Pennsylvania, and later taught chemistry at Mount Holyoke College.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Flanigen was born in Philadelphia, the daughter of William C. Flanigan and Jane Adams Flanigan. (Her family name is spelled variously in sources as Flanigen, Flanigan, Flanagan; she used the first spelling in publications.)[2]
Flanigen attended the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania. She enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania's Towne Scientific School as a "special student" in 1876,[2] along with Gertrude Klein Pierce;[3] they were the first women students at Penn.[4][5] They were allowed to take courses but were considered ineligible for a degree, instead receiving "certificates of proficiency" in 1878.[6] Flanigen pursued further studies in Berlin and London,[7] worked with William Ramsay, and returned to Penn to complete a Ph.D. in 1906.[8][9] Her doctoral thesis under Edgar Fahs Smith was titled "The electrolytic precipitation of copper from an alkaline cyanide electrolyte" (1906).[10]
Career
[edit]Flanigen taught physics and chemistry at Penn after college, and worked as a chemist and assayer at the Keystone Watch Case Company from 1883 to 1898.[2][4] She was secretary of the New Century Guild of Working Women when it formed in Philadelphia in 1886.[11] She attended the Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics in 1903.[12] She was an assistant professor of chemistry at Mount Holyoke College from 1903[13] to 1910.[7]
Personal life
[edit]Flanigen died in 1928, in Philadelphia, aged 76 years.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ "First women students at Penn". Penn Today. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
- ^ a b c A Record of the Class of 1878 of the College University of Pennsylvania, 1878 to 1898 (J. B. Lippincott Company 1899): 54-55.
- ^ "Mrs. Easby Dies, First Penn Coed". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1953-10-09. p. 48. Retrieved 2021-09-28 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Mallon, Linda; Sama, Anita (2002-03-11). Franklin's Daughters: Profiles of Penn Women. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-0-8122-1813-8.
- ^ Molloy, Ruth B. (1957-02-17). "Penn's First Coeds". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 166. Retrieved 2021-09-28 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Haas, Kimberly (June 11, 2021). "Women's Work: Female Science Pioneers in 19th Century Philadelphia". Hidden City Philadelphia. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
- ^ a b Mount Holyoke College, The Llamarada (1910 yearbook): 20.
- ^ Davis, Heather A. (March 4, 2010). "First women students at Penn". Penn Today. Archived from the original on 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
- ^ "Penn Turns Out Student Army". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1906-06-14. p. 11. Retrieved 2021-09-28 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Flanigen, Anna Lockhart (1906). The electrolytic precipitation of copper from an alkaline cyanide electrolyte ... Philadelphia, Pa.: The John C. Winston co.
- ^ "A Boon for Bachelors". The Times. 1886-02-08. p. 1. Retrieved 2021-09-28 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference. Lake Placid Conference on Home Economics. July 1903. p. 62.
- ^ College, Mount Holyoke (1903). Annual Report of the President ... p. 6.
- ^ "Anna L. Flanigen". The Morning Post. 1928-02-21. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-09-28 – via Newspapers.com.
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