Andrew Zondo
Andrew Sibusiso Zondo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1966/1967 |
| Died | 9 September 1986 (aged 19) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Known for | Amanzimtoti bombing |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | Retaliation for the government extrajudicially killing anti-apartheid activists |
| Conviction(s) | Murder |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Details | |
| Date | 23 December 1985 |
| Country | South Africa |
| Location(s) | Amanzimtoti, Natal |
| Killed | 5 |
| Injured | 161 |
| Weapon | Bomb |
Andrew Sibusiso Zondo (1966–67 – 9 September 1986) was a South African Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) operative.[1] He detonated a bomb at Sanlam Centre in Amanzimtoti on 23 December 1985, killing five people.
Early life
[edit]Andrew Sibusiso Zondo was born in 1966–67. He grew up at KwaMashu Township near Durban, and attended Ngazane Lower Primary School, Phakama Higher Primary and latterly Nhlakanipho High School in KwaMashu. Zondo did not complete high school.
Zondo developed an interest in politics at an early age. He joined the ANC when he was 16 years old, and went into exile. He initially wanted to further his studies in exile but ultimately trained as a guerrilla in Angola for the purpose of fighting South Africa's apartheid government.[2]
Amanzimtoti bombing
[edit]On 20 December 1985, the South African security forces carried out a raid in Lesotho, killing nine anti-apartheid activists. In retaliation, Durban MK operatives including Zondo placed a limpet mine at the Amanzimtoti Sanlam shopping centre on 23 December 1985. Two adults and three children were killed, and 161 other people were injured.[1]
Irma Bencini (48) was one of those killed. Her stepdaughter, Debbie Scott, an Amanzimtoti resident, later said "I remember that day when we were all excitedly preparing for Christmas. I went to the then OK Bazaar near Sanlam Centre and my stepmother said she needed to go into the nearby supermarket. Within a few minutes I heard a loud bang and realized she was in danger. I rushed to the scene and found her body. She died instantly… My dad Mario has never been the same since then, and that incident will forever haunt us. Surely Zondo knew that planting a bomb in a supermarket was going to kill innocent people".[3]
Oliver Tambo, the former president of the ANC, said that the killing of civilians was against ANC policy, and accordingly he disapproved of the bombing, but understood the reasons for its being carried out.[4]
Death
[edit]Zondo was later captured on 29 December 1985 by the South African security forces.[5] He was prosecuted, found guilty and sentenced to death. He was executed in Pretoria on 9 September 1986. The judge that sentenced him to death was Judge Johan Theron, often incorrected cited as Judge Ramon Leon (who was the judge that originally found him guilty of the murders - after Zondo admitted to an accomplice that he was "disappointed in the body count, wishing it to have been higher")[6] Two co-accused were acquitted in court but later extrajudicially executed by the Security Branch.[7]
Legacy
[edit]The Lovu Primary School was renamed Andrew Zondo Primary School[8] in honour of Zondo as a cadre of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK). This move was vehemently opposed by political opposition parties in South Africa on the basis that as a convicted killer, he was a bad example to young children.[9]
Kingsway Road in Amanzimtoti was also renamed after Zondo.[10] This development also drew criticism from political opposition parties.[11] Their argument was that it was morally unjustifiable to honour a person who was a killer of innocent victims.
General Siphiwe Nyanda, former Chief of Staff of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), asked about Zondo's legacy, said "The fact that Andrew Zondo was engaged in such an act, [it] does not make him an outcast in our own vocabulary. He is still our hero, he is still a hero, I agree."[12]
In 2022 a sign post in Amanzimtoti which carries his name was vandalised by two white male citizens as a female counterpart recorded the video.
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Andrew Zondo" (PDF). SABC TRC. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "I hadn't intended to kill anyone -- Zondo". City Press. 27 November 2005. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ Roets, Ernest (23 December 2015). "Andrew Zondo, the Amanzimtoti bomb and the ANC's tainted heroes". Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) operations report". Nelson Mandela Organisation. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Andrew Zondo is executed". South African Online History. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ Yeld, John (22 November 2006). "Writer in Cape High Court war of words". Independent Newspapers. IOL. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ "1986: Andrew Sibusiso Zondo and two other ANC cadres". Executed Today. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Andrew Zondo Primary School". Schools South Africa. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "New name for Amanzimtoti primary school". Independent Newspapers. IOL. 17 July 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Old and New Street Names in The EThekwini Municipal Area". Ethekwini Municipality. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ "Honouring a killer?". Independent Newspapers. IOL. 21 April 2007. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
- ^ Roets, Ernest. "The Amanzimtoti bombing thirty years on". Politicsweb. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1960s births
- 1986 deaths
- 1980s massacres in South Africa
- 20th-century executions by South Africa
- Bombers (people)
- Executed mass murderers
- Executed South African people
- People convicted of murder by South Africa
- South African mass murderers
- South African murderers of children
- South African revolutionaries
- South African people convicted of murder
- Terrorism in South Africa
- UMkhonto we Sizwe personnel
- Executed activists
- Executed revolutionaries
- People executed by South Africa by hanging