Anal dysplasia

Anal dysplasia is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes. It can be classified as low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).^[1] Most cases are not associated with symptoms, but people may notice lumps in and around the anus.^[2]

Causes

Anal dysplasia is most commonly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), a usually sexually-transmitted infection.^[3] HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States^[4] while genital herpes (HSV) was the most common sexually transmitted infection globally.^[5]

Diagnosis

References

^ Darragh, Teresa (October 2012). "The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology. Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 136 (10): 1266–1297. doi:10.5858/arpa.LGT200570. PMID 22742517.
^ Salit, Irving. "Fact Sheets: Anal dyspasia". Canadian Aids Treatment Information Exchange. Archived from the original on 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
^ Palefsky, Joel M.; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ralston, Mary L.; Jay, Naomi (February 1988). "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men". Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Stomatology, and Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
^ "CDC Fact Sheet - Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States" (PDF). CDC. February 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
^ Antonio C Gerbase; Jane T Rowley; Thierry E Merten (1998). "Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases". Lancet. 352: S2–S4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90001-0. PMID 9652711. S2CID 28976125.

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[1] Darragh, Teresa (October 2012). "The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology. Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 136 (10): 1266–1297. doi:10.5858/arpa.LGT200570. PMID 22742517.

[factsheetaids-2] Salit, Irving. "Fact Sheets: Anal dyspasia". Canadian Aids Treatment Information Exchange. Archived from the original on 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-02-22.

[3] Palefsky, Joel M.; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ralston, Mary L.; Jay, Naomi (February 1988). "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men". Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Stomatology, and Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2 March 2014.

[4] "CDC Fact Sheet - Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States" (PDF). CDC. February 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2014.

[lancet1998-5] Antonio C Gerbase; Jane T Rowley; Thierry E Merten (1998). "Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases". Lancet. 352: S2–S4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90001-0. PMID 9652711. S2CID 28976125.

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Causes

Diagnosis

See also

References