American Youth Congress
 AYC leaders Jack R. McMichael, William W. Hinckley and Joseph Cadden before the House Un-American Activities Committee, 1939 | |
| Abbreviation | AYC |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1935 |
| Dissolved | 1940 |
| Purpose | Youth rights advocacy |
| Location | |
| Affiliations | World Youth Congress Movement |
The American Youth Congress (AYC) was an early youth voice organization composed of young people from across the United States who gathered to discuss the problems facing youth as a whole in the 1930s. It met several years in a row, including one notable meeting on the lawn of the White House.[citation needed] The delegates are known to have caused a disturbance when they attempted to access the United States Congress.[citation needed] At the time, United States citizens were not legally considered adults until the age of 21, and so the group focused on the under-discussed economic exploitation of adolescents and children.
The formation of the AYC is seen as a precursor to the establishment of the National Youth Administration. Both the AYC and the NYA are notable for the support lent them by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.
Affiliated with the World Youth Congress Movement, the AYC hosted the 1938 Second World Youth Congress at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York.
History
[edit]
The American Youth Congress, or AYC, was formed in 1935 to advocate for youth rights in U.S. politics, and was responsible for introducing the American Youth Bill of Rights to the U.S. Congress. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's relationship with the AYC eventually led to the formation of the National Youth Administration (NYA).[1] While speaking of the NYA in the 1930s, Eleanor Roosevelt expressed her concerns regarding ageism, stating that "I live in real terror when I think we may be losing this generation. We have got to bring these young people into the active life of the community and make them feel that they are necessary."[2]
On July 4, 1936, the AYC issued the Declaration of the Rights of American Youth. The document addressed several issues, chief among them being the inalienable rights they believed were due to young people, and the economic problems which most affected them.[3] Its Chairman in 1937 was William W. Hinckley, a member of the Communist-led Psychologists League.[4] By 1939 the movement claimed 4,697,915 members in 513 affiliated organizations nationwide.
In 1939, the Dies Committee subpoenaed leaders of the AYC, who, in addition to serving the AYC, also were members of the Young Communist League. Eleanor Roosevelt was in attendance at the hearings and afterward invited the subpoenaed witnesses to board at the White House during their stay in Washington D.C. That same year, Joseph P. Lash, one of First Lady Roosevelt's boarders during the hearings, described his 1937 defection from the Socialist Party in the Communist weekly, New Masses. Another officer, Abbott Simon, who was also a staff member of the Communist Party USA publication, Champion, slept for two weeks in Lincoln's bed during the hearings.
On February 10, 1940, members of the AYC, as guests of First Lady Roosevelt, attended a picnic on the White House lawn where they were addressed by President Roosevelt from the South Portico. Appealing to them to condemn not merely the Nazi regime but also all other dictatorships, Roosevelt was reportedly booed by the group.[5][6] Afterwards, many of the same youth picketed the White House as representatives of the American Peace Mobilization.[7]
Later in 1940, despite Eleanor Roosevelt's defense of the organization, published under the title "Why I still believe in the Youth Congress," the American Youth Congress was disbanded.[8]
See also
[edit]- World Youth Congress Movement
- One World Youth Project
- National Youth Administration
- Youth participation
- Youth movements
- National Commission on Resources for Youth
References
[edit]- ^ Black, A., Hopkins, J. et al. (2003) "American Youth Congress," Archived October 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt. Hyde Park, New York: Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site. Retrieved 7/30/07.
- ^ (nd) "National Youth Administration," Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt Glossary. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. Retrieved 7/30/07.
- ^ The full text of the declaration is found at [1] Archived 2009-12-24 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Harris, B. (in press). "Down with Fascism, Up with Science": Activist Psychologists in the U.S., 1932-1941. History of Psychology.
- ^ Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Address to the Delegates of the American Youth Congress. Washington, D.C., February 10, 1940"
- ^ "National Affairs: Surprise Party". TIME. Time Magazine. July 22, 1940. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- ^ "Guide to the American Youth Congress Records". NYU Libraries.
- ^ "Eleanor Roosevelt, "Why I Still Believe in the Youth Congress," in New Deal Network: Selected Writings of Eleanor Roosevelt, originally published in Liberty, (April 1940): 30-32". Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2005.
- California Legislature, Joint Fact Finding Committee, Fourth Report, Un-American Activities in California, 1948: Communist Front Organizations; (Sacramento, CA, 1948) p. 180.
- John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, (New York: Devin-Adair, 1948)
External articles
[edit]- Eleanor Roosevelt, Why I Still Believe in the Youth Congress
- The Student Movement of the 1930s, Joseph P. Lash, Interview.
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