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Ali Jawad Zaidi

Syed Ali Jawad Zaidi (10 March 1916 – 6 December 2004) was an Indian Urdu poet, scholar, and author of over 80 books in several languages.[1] He was also an Indian independence activist,[2] lawyer and later, a civil servant,[3] but is best known for his work in Urdu literature.[4]

He was an authority on marsiyago poetry of Uttar Pradesh,[5] including the poets Mir Anis and Mirza Ghalib,[6] and wrote on both poetry and prose, including research and analytical works.

He has received several awards for his contributions to literature and other fields.

Early life and education

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Zaidi was born in the village Karhan, Uttar Pradesh, then in Azamgarh district (now Mau district) in eastern Uttar Pradesh, the eldest of six children in a zamindar family of Mohammadabad-Gohna, Azamgarh. He was born at his maternal grandfather's home in Karhan. Belonging to a Saiyid family and being the eldest son in his family, he was sent to the local Arabic madarsa to gain education and proficiency in Islamic theology and religious matters.

When Zaidi was 11 years old, his father died. His early formal education took place in Mahmudabad, the princely state. He then graduated from Government Jubilee College, Lucknow and an LLB from Lucknow University).[7]

Indian independence activism

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During his graduation and later while doing his LLB, he came into contact with leaders of the Indian independence movement, which he joined in the late 1930s. He wrote revolutionary poetry while he led the student's movement along with other student leaders such as Shankar Dayal Sharma, who later went on to become the president of India. His poetry drew praise from Sarojini Naidu, and he was subsequently elected as the secretary-general of the All India Student's Federation. He remained the secretary-general of the All India Students Federation during the Quit India Movement (1942) launched by Mahatma Gandhi.[8]

His poems were proscribed by the British Colonial Government for inciting rebellion against the British Raj. The British government issued an arrest warrant in order to stop him from organising student rallies and mobilising students against the Raj. He continued his work underground, organising students throughout India. He was later arrested at Nagpur, and was sentenced to jail for anti-British activity and sent to serve his term at the Nagpur Central Prison and later transferred to the Benares Central Jail.

He was laid to rest at the Malka Jahan burial grounds, Lucknow, India, with full state honours provided to an Indian freedom fighter.

Government service

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With India's independence, Zaidi ended his active involvement in politics. He joined the Information Department of the Government of Uttar Pradesh and was a deputy director there until he was inducted into the Indian Information Service and posted to Srinagar.

Although he had taken up Government Service for a full-time job, and chosen that as a career, he remained active in arts and cultural activities in Jammu and Kashmir, organising and conducting the annual Kashmir festival during the summer months. He was appointed as the secretary general of the Society of Arts and Culture, Government of Jammu and Kashmir.

In the early 1960s he was transferred to Delhi and posted with the Press Information Bureau in Delhi and Mumbai. His final posting was in Tehran and he retired from active Government service as Joint Director, News Services, All India Radio in August 1978.

Zaidi was a secularist and nationalist. He was a member of the Inder Kumar Gujral Committee for promotion of Urdu.[9]

He also worked as the editor of Naya Daur, an Urdu monthly digest, and Al-Ilm, a monthly published from Mumbai. Naya Daur ran a series on his memoirs on a monthly basis for a time[when?], as well as a special issue in his memory of Ali Jawad Zaidi (Nov/Dec issue, 2004) after his death. He also did some translation work (into English) for the Sahitya Akademi.

He travelled extensively in India and abroad, often working with heads of state and other high-ranking officials.[10] He was friends with Darshan Singh[11] of the Sawan Kirpal Ruhani Mission.[12]

Writing career

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Throughout his years with the government, Zaidi continued writing.[13] Seven of his books[which?] have won State Government Awards[which?]. He was the author of over 80 books in Urdu,[14] English, Hindi and Persian. Many of his works are now reference material for research students. He has been the subject of research scholars, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees have been awarded to four students[which?] for research done on his life and works.[citation needed]

He was president of the Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy, Lucknow and as the president of the Zainabbiya Institute of Islamic Studies, Mumbai, and was on the board of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi and the Sangeet and Natya Akademi, New Delhi and other social, literary and cultural organizations. He was also an advisor to the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

His books are included in the U.S. Library of Congress.[15]

Amongst his notable works are Qasida Nigaran-e-Uttar Pradesh (in 2 Volumes), Uttar Pradesh ke Marsiyago (in 2 Volumes) & Do Adabi School, which have been published in Urdu-speaking Pakistan[16] as well. These books along with his History of Urdu Literature[17][18] (English),[19] Mirza Ghalib – Ek Parichay (Hindi), Mir Anis, are unique[how?] in their approaches to their subjects.

Zaidi was a member of the progressive Urdu literature movement,[20] other members of which included Ali Sardar Jafri and Kaifi Azmi. His poetic contemporaries included Majaz, Faiz, and Qurratulain Hyder.

He was also a member of the Committee for Promotion of Urdu (appointed by the Government of India Resolution No. F. 15-25/72-L. 1 dated 5 May 1972)[21]

Confined to his home in Lucknow due to poor health and failing eyesight during his last years, he wrote using an amanuensis. He died on 6 December 2004.[22]

Awards

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The Government of India conferred on him the Padma Shri[23] in recognition of his contributions to Urdu literature.[24] (1988),[25][24] He also received a Tamra Patra award for his role in the freedom movement, and the Ghalib award[26]

Other awards included:

  • Anis Award in recognition of Expertise on Mir Anis
  • Ghalib Award in recognition of Expertise on Mirza Ghalib
  • Certificate of Honour presented by The Rotary Club, Lucknow
  • Awards presented to his various books by Governments and Literary Organizations are marked in the list of his books below.

In 1987, Zaidi asked government bodies and literary organizations not to consider his works for awards.[citation needed]

The Jawad Memorial Prize[27] was instituted in his remembrance in 2019 for awarding outstanding translations of Urdu works to English.[28]

List of published books

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(Books marked by an ‘*’ are award-winning books) authored by Saiyid Ali Jawad Zaidi

  1. Meri Gazalain 1959 * Poetry
  2. Teesha-e-Awaaz 1985 Poetry
  3. Uttar Pradesh Ke Marsiyago Research
  4. Do Adbi School 1970 * Critical Analysis
  5. Naath Nigari Uttar Pradesh mein Research & analysis
  6. Zabt Shuda Nazmein Collection of Proscribed Poems
  7. Urdu Main Qaumi Shairi Ke Sau Saal 1957 Criticism & analysis
  8. History of Urdu Literature 1993 Research & Analysis[29]
  9. Mir Anis (Tr. English) 1986 Biography
  10. Rang-e-sang 1944 Poetry
  11. Dayar-e-Sahar 1960 Poetry
  12. Naseem-e-Dasht-e-Arzoo 1980 * Poetry
  13. Inteqhab Ali Jawad Zaidi 1971 Poetry
  14. Silsila (Inteqhab) 1990 Poetry
  15. Warq Warq Zanjeer 1990 Poetry
  16. Dhoop Chaaon 1994 Poetry
  17. Urdu Main Shairi Ke Sau Saal (Muqqadame ke saath) 1981 Criticism & analysis
  18. Hamari Quami Shairi Criticism & analysis
  19. Taamiri Adab 1959 * Criticism & analysis
  20. Anwaar-e-Abu Al Kalaam 1959
  21. Hindustan Mein Islami Uloom Ke Marakaz 1972
  22. Fikr-o-Riyaz 1975 * Collection of Muqalaat
  23. Tareekh-e-Adab Urdu Ki Tadween 1976 Research
  24. Qasida Nigaran-e-Uttar Pradesh 1978 Research
  25. Tarrek Adab Ki Tadween (Vol II) 1983 Research
  26. Do Aadabi Ischool (Revised Edition) 1980 Critical Analysis
  27. Qasida Nigaran-e-Uttar Pradesh (Vol II) 1983 Research & analysis
  28. Masnavi Nigari 1985 Research & analysis
  29. Diwan-e-Ghani 1964 Research & analysis
  30. Zikr-o-Fikr Ghani 1966 Silsila Muqalaat
  31. Nasr Nigari Uttar Pradesh Mein Research & analysis
  32. Do aadabi Ischool (Pakistan edition) 1988 Critical Analysis
  33. Hindustan Mein Arabi Ki Taweej Research & analysis
  34. Kamal-e-Abu Kalam 1989 Collection of articles
  35. Mir Anis (Hindi) Biography
  36. Ghalib – Ek Parichay (Hindi) 1969 Biography
  37. Tareek-e-Mushaira[30] 1992 Research
  38. Malik Ram Ek Mutaalah 1987 Biography
  39. Islami Taraqqi Pasandi[31][32]
  40. Dehalvi Marsiyago – Vol I 1982 * Research & Analysis
  41. Dehalvi Marsiyago – Vol II 1987 * Research & Analysis
  42. Anis Ke Salaam 1981 Collection
  43. Rubiyaat-e-Anis 1985 Collection[33]
  44. Mir Anis[34] 1991 Collection & Short biography
  45. Jadeed Marsiye Ka Baani – Mir Zamir Laknawi
  46. Adbiyaat Kashmiri 1994
  47. Mahatma Gandhi (Urdu) 1986 Translation from English
  48. Diwan Shams Tabraizi Ki Seer (Urdu) Translation from Persian
  49. Islami Para Para
  50. Aap Se Miliye 1963 * Sketches
  51. Humsaaya 1985 Sketches
  52. Hum Qaabila 1990 Sketches
  53. Ehl-e-Qaabila Sketches
  54. Yaadon Ke Rahguzar Memoirs
  55. Nazr Collection of articles
  56. Inteqaab-e-Rind, Anthology 1983
  57. Payaam-e-Aazadi 1947
  58. Naghma-e-aazadi (Urdu) 1957 Collection of Poems
  59. Naghma-e-aazadi (Hindi) 1957 Collection of Poems
  60. Zaidi ke Tafsare Collection
  61. Zaidi Ke Muqadmaat Collection
  62. An Experiment in Communication Planning 1970 Research & Analysis
  63. Lucknow ka dabistan-e-shairi, Urdu Markaz, 1971
  64. Urdu mein Ram Kathan (Research)[35]
  65. Annotations to Gani Kashmiri's poetry collection (Complied by Amin Daraab Kashmiri); J&K Academy of art, culture & languages[36]
  66. Human Interest Stories 1970
  67. Malik Ram Felicitation Volume 1972
  68. The Prophet's Daughter Historical Research (Ready but Unpublished)
  69. Urdu Press in Bihar & Bengal 1978 Research & Analysis
  70. Mortality & Growth in Urdu Press 1978 Research & Analysis
  71. All India Students Conference, Golden Jubilee Celebrations 1986
  72. A Short History of Student Movement Historical Research
  73. Paro 2005 Long Poem Published by Anwar Zaidi's efforts[37]
  74. Annual Report (1961–62) J&K, Academy of Arts, Culture & Languages 1962 Report
  75. Report of the I K Gujral Committee for the Promotion of Urdu (In 2 Vols.) 1975 Report


Zaidi himself has been the subject of research in several publications:

  1. Ali Jawad Zaidi, by Saikh Abdur Rehman, 1999[38]
  2. Ali Jawad Zaidi, Hindustan Adab ke Mehmur, Sahitya Acedamy, by Wazahat Hussain Rizvi, 2012[39]
  3. Naya Daur, Shumara Number-008,009, by Wazahat Hussain Rizvi[40]
  4. Ali jawad Zaidi aur sheeraza Kashmir (research), presented at Ali Jawad Zaidi - Fun aur shakshiyat; by Dr. Mohd. Rashid Azeez

List of unpublished works

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The Prophet's Daughter Historical Research (Ready but Unpublished)

Urdu Mein Ramkatha Research on the Ramayanas written in the Urdu language[41]


References

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  1. ^ "Ali Jawad Zaidi Poetry - Ali Jawad Zaidi Shayari, Urdu Ghazal, Nazam Collection". UrduPoint. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  2. ^ "The Milli Gazette". www.milligazette.com. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  3. ^ "A Tribute to Shri A.J. Zaidi | India of the Past". www.indiaofthepast.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  4. ^ OpenLibrary.org. "Ali Jawad Zaidi". Open Library. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Archive News". The Hindu. 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  6. ^ "English bibliography - A Desertful of Roses". Columbia.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  7. ^ "A Cyber Joint for Lucknow University Family ..:::." www.lucknowuniversity.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  8. ^ Ghayur, Syed Inam ur Rahman (1 October 2019). "Gandhi's actions & reasoning weren't always acceptable, even to his friends". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ "Diplomatic Musings". Bal-anand.blogspot.com. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  11. ^ "Urdustan.net".
  12. ^ "SOS - Science of Spirituality". Skrm.sos.org. Archived from the original on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  13. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  14. ^ "Reviving Urdu, once the official language of India". The New Indian Express. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Library of Congress Online Catalog - Legacy Catalog Retired". Catalog.loc.gov. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  16. ^ Farhan, Mohammad (21 August 2020). "Lahore in my heart: Fikr Taunsvi's memoir is an incisive account of the Partition". @businessline. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  17. ^ [2][dead link‍]
  18. ^ "Ali Jawad Zaidi". Open Library. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  19. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110716041332/http://seoelitereviews.com/blog/internet-marketing/progressive-writers-movement/. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2008. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ^ The Milli Gazette, OPI, Pharos Media (15 January 2005). "Obituary, The Milli Gazette, Vol.6 No.01, MG119 (1-15 Jan 05)". Milligazette.com. Retrieved 1 December 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ "Padma Awards | Interactive Dashboard". www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  24. ^ a b "This website is for sale! - indianmuslims Resources and Information". Indianmuslims.info. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  25. ^ "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
  26. ^ "Ghalib Institute". Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  27. ^ "Award Winners | AJZ". ali-jawad-zaidi. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  28. ^ "Aalim Akhtar, Bilal Tanweer Named Joint Winners of 2021 Jawad Memorial Prize". The Wire. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  29. ^ Zaidī, ʻalī Javād; Zaidi, Ali Jawad (1993). A History of Urdu Literature. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 8172012918.
  30. ^ "DAWN - Features; November 18, 2008 - Newspaper". Dawn. Pakistan. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  31. ^ "New Page 1". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  32. ^ "Vice President of India : Photo Gallery". Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  33. ^ Parekh, Rauf (3 November 2014). "LITERARY NOTES: World's shortest poem and the art of quatrain". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  34. ^ Mir Anis.
  35. ^ "The Ballad of Ram-e-Hind: Revisiting the Urdu versions of Ramayana that once lit up the stage". The Indian Express. 24 September 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  36. ^ "Gani Kashmiri's memory relived; large library opened in his house - Scoop News Jammu Kashmir". www.scoopnews.in. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  37. ^ "Events | Former Vice President of India | Government of India". mhamidansari.nic.in. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  38. ^ "ali jawad zaidi". Rekhta. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  39. ^ "ali jawwad zaidi". Rekhta. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  40. ^ "Naya Daur, Lucknow". Rekhta. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  41. ^ "The Milli Gazette".
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Internet searches should also include "Ali Javad Zaidi" as some people mistakenly spell the Jawad as Javad.

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