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Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (town)

Coordinates: 50°54′N 142°09′E / 50.900°N 142.150°E / 50.900; 142.150
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For other uses, see Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky.

Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Александровск-Сахалинский
Town[1]
Coat of arms of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Coat of arms
Location of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Map
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky is located in Russia
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Location of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky is located in Sakhalin Oblast
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (Sakhalin Oblast)
Coordinates: 50°54′N 142°09′E / 50.900°N 142.150°E / 50.900; 142.150
CountryRussia
Federal subjectSakhalin Oblast[1]
Administrative districtAlexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District[1]
Founded1862[2]
Town status since1917
Elevation
10 m (30 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • Total
10,613
 • Capital ofAlexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District[1]
 • Urban okrugAlexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky Urban Okrug[4]
 • Capital ofAlexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky Urban Okrug[4]
Time zoneUTC+11 (MSK+8 Edit this on Wikidata[5])
Postal code(s)[6]
694420–694424
Dialing code(s)+7 42434[7]
OKTMO ID64704000001
Websitealeksandrovsk.tfd.ru

Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (Russian: Алекса́ндровск-Сахали́нский; Japanese: 落石Otchishi, 亜港Akō) is a town in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located near the Strait of Tartary on the western shores of northern Sakhalin Island at the foot of the western Sakhalin mountains. Population: 10,613 (2010 Census);[3] 12,826 (2002 Census);[8] 19,166 (1989 Soviet census);[9] 21,000 (1968).

History

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Early 20th-century view of Alexandrovsky

A settlement called Alexandrovskaya on the present site of the town was first recorded in 1862.[2] In 1869, an agricultural farm was established there, which later grew into the village of Alexandrovka. At the time, it was known as Otchishi (落石, Ochīshi) among Japanese.

In 1881, a military post was established and became known as Alexandrovsky. The outpost served as the administrative center for managing katorga, prisons, exile settlements, and the whole island until the October Revolution. Anton Chekhov lived here in 1890 while gathering material for his book The Sakhalin Island. According to the 1897 census, the settlement had a population of 3,860, 87% male and 13% female, and 69,6% Russian, 6.9% Tatar, 6.8% Polish, 5.5% Ukrainian, 1.5% German, 1.2% Armenian, 1.2% Jewish, 1.1% Circassian.[10]

Town status was granted to Alexandrovsky in 1917.[citation needed] During the Russian Civil War, the town was under the control of Admiral Alexander Kolchak in 1918–1920, before being occupied by the Japanese until 1925. It was known as Akō (亜港町, Akō-chō) "Street of Port Alexander" during Japanese occupation between 1918 and 1925.

In 1926, the town was renamed Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky to distinguish it from other places of the same name.

Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky was the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast between 1932 and 1947. It was also known as the coal mining center of the island during Soviet times.

Administrative and municipal status

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Within the framework of administrative divisions, Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky serves as the administrative center of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District and is subordinated to it.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky and thirteen rural localities of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District are incorporated as Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky Urban Okrug.[4]

Economy and infrastructure

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The economy of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky is mainly reliant on its harbor, the oldest and previously most important on Sakhalin, and the mining of black coal in the local area.

Climate

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Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb)[11] with short mild to warm summers and long, very cold winters.

Climate data for Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		20.9
(69.6) 		28.1
(82.6) 		29.4
(84.9) 		32.0
(89.6) 		31.3
(88.3) 		28.6
(83.5) 		21.2
(70.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −11.3
(11.7) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.6
(67.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		9.1
(48.4) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		5.3
(41.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.4
(4.3) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		0.1
(32.2) 		6.3
(43.3) 		11.4
(52.5) 		15.5
(59.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		12.7
(54.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		1.2
(34.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −19.4
(−2.9) 		−18.8
(−1.8) 		−12.1
(10.2) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		2.4
(36.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		12.0
(53.6) 		13.3
(55.9) 		9.0
(48.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−15.4
(4.3) 		−2.5
(27.5)
Record low °C (°F) −41.0
(−41.8) 		−37.3
(−35.1) 		−34.2
(−29.6) 		−25.9
(−14.6) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		0.5
(32.9) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−15.0
(5.0) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−36.9
(−34.4) 		−41.0
(−41.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48
(1.9) 		31
(1.2) 		35
(1.4) 		34
(1.3) 		52
(2.0) 		45
(1.8) 		52
(2.0) 		96
(3.8) 		90
(3.5) 		88
(3.5) 		65
(2.6) 		70
(2.8) 		706
(27.8)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 27
(11) 		37
(15) 		41
(16) 		13
(5.1) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		6
(2.4) 		17
(6.7) 		41
(16)
Average rainy days 0.2 0.04 0.3 7 17 15 16 19 20 19 5 1 120
Average snowy days 26 24 20 15 6 0.03 0 0 0.2 9 25 28 153
Average relative humidity (%) 80 79 75 74 76 80 84 82 79 74 75 80 78
Mean monthly sunshine hours 100 134 185 189 215 252 214 202 180 127 78 57 1,933
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[12]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[13]
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  • Anton Chekhov museum in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky. It is the house where he stayed in Sakhalin during 1890
    Anton Chekhov museum in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky. It is the house where he stayed in Sakhalin during 1890
  • Anton Chekhov monument in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
    Anton Chekhov monument in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
  • "Three Brothers" rocks in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
    "Three Brothers" rocks in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
  • Settler's way of life. Near church at holiday. 1903
    Settler's way of life. Near church at holiday. 1903
  • Aleksandrovskaya Prison in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky in 1903
    Aleksandrovskaya Prison in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky in 1903

Notable people

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  • Oleksandr Gennadiyevich Rezanov (born October 14, 1948, in Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, RSFSR) is a former Soviet handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e Law #25-ZO
  2. ^ a b Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 17. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  3. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. ^ a b c Law No. 524
  5. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  6. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  7. ^ "Телефонные коды Сахалинской области. Сахалин.Бизнес Справочник" [Dialing codes of Sakhalin]. Sakhalin.biz (in Russian). Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  8. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. ^ Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37.
  11. ^ "Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskiy climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskiy water temperature - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net (Weather and Climate-The Climate of Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky)" (in Russian). Weather and Climate. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Aleksandrovsk–Sahal (Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

Sources

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  • Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №62-ЗО от 27 июня 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 10 Закона Сахалинской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 9 апреля 2011 г.. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #62-ZO of June 27, 2013 On Amending Article 10 of the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
  • Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №524 от 21 июля 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №45-ЗО от 27 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Сахалинской области "О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №175–176(2111–2112), 31 июля 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #45-ZO of May 27, 2013 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
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