Al-Qaskhun
Al-Qaskhun (Arabic: القصخون, from the Persian compound قصه خون qesse khun "storyteller"),[1] also known as al-Hakawati (Arabic: الحكواتي),[2] is a historic occupation regarding a professional narrator that specializes in storytelling in Iraq, most notably Baghdad. These storytellers were notable for their emotional and engaging narration skills that kept their audiences engaged in their stories. The storytellers usually sat in Baghdadi coffeehouses and narrated various stories and folklore on benches.[1][3] The profession is also associated with the popular One Thousand and One Nights and its main narrator Scheherazade.[2]
Description
[edit]Storytelling in Baghdad goes back to the Abbasid Caliphate period in which medieval Baghdad flourished and stored many scientists, poets, entertainers, and educated people. Among the entertainers and performers were storytellers who were publicly significant, usually standing in the minbar of a mosque to narrate stories, but were sometimes unwelcome by the intellectual leaderships due to being branded as "instigators of rebellion". As such, according to al-Tabari around 893 Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid reportedly ordered that no storyteller would be allowed to sit on public roads or the main mosque of the city. Nevertheless, storytellers continued to play an important role in the daily lives of the Abbasid people while tackling social issues such as ones regarding the status of women.[4]
By the late Ottoman period and the Kingdom of Iraq period, the occupation of al-Qaskhun was part of daily lives and led to the spread of coffeehouses throughout Baghdad. However, the occupation is currently considered endangered.[5] The decline of the Qaskhun came after the frequent introduction of televisions and film in the 1960s.[6] As of the 21st century, Dar al-Atraqchi remains one of the only coffeehouses where the occupation is practiced with Mahmoud Abu Tahseen Hussein, who started his job in 1975, narrating stories every Ramadan night.[5] In Mosul, Qaskhun Abd al-Wahed Isma'il has become popular in the city's remaining coffeehouses after the 2016 events of the Battle of Mosul due to his historical stories about the city's heritage.[6]
The Shabandar Café has also been historically frequented by people practicing the Qaskhun occupation alongside Iraqi Maqamists.[7]
In pop culture
[edit]In Neil Gaiman's "Ramadan" published in the DC Comic Book Sandman which shows Baghdad in the time of Harun al-Rashid, storytelling and storytellers play a significant part in showcasing the city's culture.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Baghdādī, ʻAbbās (2000). Baghdad in the Twenties (in Arabic). Dar al-Shuwuwn al-Thaqafiat al-Eama "Afaq Arabiyya". p. 61.
- ^ a b Marozzi, Justin (25 May 2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-194804-1.
- ^ Al-Ghani, Salah al-din Abd (1 January 2016). Cities that have history (in Arabic). Al-Manhal. p. 71. ISBN 9796500221304.
- ^ Classen, Albrecht (2019-08-05). Pleasure and Leisure in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age: Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Toys, Games, and Entertainment. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-3-11-062307-9.
- ^ a b Zaidane, Salam (16 May 2019). "In pictures, Abu Tahseen is one of the last storytellers in Baghdad". Al Jazeera (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-05-11.
- ^ a b "Al-Qaskhun... Café storyteller brings together Iraqis again in Ramadan". The News Eye (in Arabic). 29 May 2019. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
- ^ Baghdādī, ʻAbbās (2000). Baghdad in the Twenties (in Arabic). Dar al-Shuwuwn al-Thaqafiat al-Eama "Afaq Arabiyya". p. 101.
- ^ The Sandman No. 50 (June 1993)