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Akhtar Sheerani

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Akhtar Shirani (اختر شیرانی)
BornMuhammad Dawood Khan
(1905-05-04)4 May 1905
Tonk, British India
Died9 September 1948(1948-09-09) (aged 43)
Lahore, Pakistan
Pen nameAkhtar Shirani
OccupationUrdu poet
NationalityBritish Indian, Pakistani
CitizenshipBritish India, Pakistan
Period1905-1948
GenreNazm and Ghazal
Literary movementSetting a new trend in Urdu poetry
RelativesHafiz Mehmood Sheerani (Father)

Akhtar Sheerani (born Muhammad Davud Khan; 4 May 1905 – 9 September 1948; also spelled Sheerani or Sherani) was an Urdu poet. He was a romantic poet of the Urdu language.[1]

Early life and career

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Akhtar Shairani was born on 4 May 1905 as Muhammad Dawood Khan to a family from the Pashtun Sherani tribe, which had come to India with Sultan Mahmood Ghaznawi and had stayed back in Tonk, Rajasthan.[1][2] He was a son of Hafiz Mahmood Sheerani, a scholar and teacher of high repute, who had started teaching at Islamia College, Lahore in 1921. In 1928, he moved to Oriental College, Lahore. Young Dawood moved to Lahore at a very young age and lived there throughout his life. He did his Munshi Fazil منشی فاضل in 1921 and Adeeb Fazil ادیب فاضل in 1922 (degrees in Arabic and Persian) from Oriental College, Lahore.[3][unreliable source][1][2]

Despite the efforts of his father, he could not continue his education and instead became a full-time poet. His teacher in poetry (ustad) was Maulana Tajwar Najibabadi, an established personality in literary circles of Lahore who used to publish literary magazines. Since he had a very common birth name, he adopted Akhtar Sheerani as a pen name.[1][4][unreliable source]

Works

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As to his skill, Akhtar was quite innovative and introduced new trends in Urdu poetry. At a very young age, he wrote mature and inspiring poetry. He was called شاعرِ رومان (the poet of romance).[2] His best-known collections of poetry include Akhtaristan, Nigarshat-e-Akhtar, Lala-e-toor, Tayyur-e-Aawara, Naghma-e-Haram, Subh-e bahaar, and Shahnaz. He had been editor for the literary magazines Intikhab, Bahaaristan, Khyaalistan, and Romaan from 1923 to 1939. He also wrote columns for daily newspapers Hamdard and Zamindar of Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan respectively. He introduced many new writers in his magazines, including Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi and Qudratullah Shahab (both are well-known Urdu writers now). "Chandra Wati", the first afsana (short story) of Qudratullah Shahab, was published in Romaan (Magazine of Akhtar Sheerani).

In total, he left nine collections of his verses. In prose, apart from his fictions and translations, his essays on literary, critical and historical subjects are in abundance. His son, Professor Mehmood Sheerani, who has been teaching in Government College University, has written a book on his life titled Kahan Se Laaoon Unhain (Where can I Find Him?). Yunus Hasni also wrote a book on the life of Akhtar Sheerani.[5]

Style and influence on Urdu poetry

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Youth dominates Akhtar's poetry like that of Shelley, Keats, and Byron. Lyricism, subtlety and novelty infuse a new spirit onto his poetry. Most of the critics have concentrated only on one aspect of his 'Love Poetry'. However, his work was not confined to just the physical beauty of woman. Woman to him is beautiful in all her forms and shapes; the beloved, the wife, the mother and the sister. Wordsworth, the father of romantic poetry finds the immanence of divine spirit in the objects of nature. Akhtar's depiction of nature is second to none, but unlike Wordsworth, he finds the objects of nature imbued with the beauty of woman. He uses woman as a symbol that stands for beauty and love permeating the whole universe.[2]

Variegated aspects and artistic skills of Akhtar Shairani's poetry lend him a distinguished place in modern Urdu poetry. His influence on Urdu literature, and poetry in particular, earned him a repute of trendsetter.[2]

His famous poems include:

  • "Ae ishq kahin le chal"
  • "O des se aane waale bataa"
  • "Ae ishq hamein barbad na kar" A super-hit poem sung by Nayyara Noor[2]
  • "Main aarzoo-e-jaan likhoon ya jaan-e-aarzu"[6][unreliable source]
  • "Kuch to tanhai ki raaton ka sahara hota"
  • "Barsat"
  • "Tumhain sitaron ne be ikhtiar dekha hai"
  • "Woh kehtain hain ranjish ki baatain bhula dein", a hit ghazal sung by Malika Pukhraj[4]
  • "Woh kabhi mil jayen to kya kijiye", a soulful ghazal sung by Ghulam Ali

Death and legacy

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Akhtar Sheerani's life was tragic. His young son Javed Mahmood died, his close friend Mirza Shuja Khan committed suicide, his son-in-law Naziruddin Shirani was accidentally drowned, and he was rejected by the woman, named Salma, that he loved. That made him turn to alcohol. On his physical and mental condition, Agha Shorish Kashmiri who was a well known literary, political, and social figure of Lahore, Pakistan at that time, wrote that one was better-off not to see him, since one would be so depressed after seeing him. Excessive drinking took a toll on his health. He was admitted to Mayo Hospital, Lahore on 3 September and died in Lahore on 9 September 1948, just two days before the death of Quaid-e-Azam. While visiting his friend, Hakeem Nayyar Wasty, he died in their home in Masti Gate, Lahore on 9 September 1948.[1][2]

Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in 2005 in its 'Poets of Pakistan' series.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Parekh, Rauf (13 April 2015). "LITERARY NOTES: Urdu writers and poets who died young". Dawn (newspaper). Pakistan. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g K. C. Kanda (2009). Masterpieces of Urdu Nazm - Profile of Akhtar Sheerani (pages 297 to 316). Sterling Publishers Pvt. ISBN 9788120719521. Retrieved 25 August 2021. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Profile of poet Akhtar Sheerani Urdupoint.com website. Retrieved 23 August 2021
  4. ^ a b Profile of poet Akhtar Sheerani on urdupoetry.com website. Retrieved 23 August 2021
  5. ^ Yunus Hasani (1976). Akhtar Shirani and Modern Urdu Literature. Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu Pakistan. OCLC 21482347. Retrieved 25 August 2021 – via WorldCat.org website.
  6. ^ Ghazals of poet Akhtar Sheerani Rekhta.org website. Retrieved 23 August 2021
  7. ^ "Rs five note is out, Rs5 stamp in". Dawn. July 2005. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

Bibliography

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  • Hasani, Yunus (1976). Ak̲h̲tar Shīrānī aur jadīd Urdū adab [Ak̲h̲tar Shīrānī and Modern Urdu Literature] (in Urdu). Karachi: Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu. OCLC 21482347.
  • Jahan, Qamar (1987). Ak̲h̲tar Shīrānī kī jinsī aur rūmānī shāʻirī [Romantic Poetry of Akhtar Shirani] (in Urdu). Bhagalpur: Seema Publications. OCLC 21300986.
  • Tonki, Mukhtar (2012). Mut̤ālaʻah-yi Ak̲h̲tar Shīrānī: talāsh o tajziyah [Study on the works of Ak̲h̲tar Shīrānī]. New Delhi: Modern Publishing House. OCLC 1023825148.
  • Singhal, Hanuman (1993). Akhtar Śhīrānī, fan aura śak̲h̲siyat (in Hindi and Urdu). Tonk: Sāhitya Kalā Saṅgama. OCLC 29316038.
  • Nim, Pushpendra Kumar (2019). Rūmānī shāʻir, Ak̲h̲tar Shīrānī [The Romantic Poet: Akhtar Shirani]. Delhi: Educational Publishing House. OCLC 1232011161.
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