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Achomi language

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Achomi
Larestani, Khodmooni
اچُمی ,𐬀𐬗𐬊𐬨𐬉 ,خودمونی
Native to
RegionIrahistan (Parts of Fars, Hormozgan, Bushehr, Kerman)[1]
EthnicityAchum (Ajam)
Native speakers
120,000 (2021)[2]
Early form
Dialects
  • Lari
  • Gerashi
  • Evazi
  • Khonji
  • Aheli
  • Galedari
  • Ashkanani
  • Lengeyi
  • Ashnezi
  • Ruydari
  • Bastaki[7]
Pahlavi scripts, Persian alphabet (Nastaʿlīq)[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3lrl
Glottologlari1253
ELPLari
Achomi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Achomi (Persian: اچُمی), also known as Khodmooni[8] and Larestani,[9] is a Persian and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of Ajam citizens in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, and other neighbouring countries.[10][11]

It is the predominant language of Gerash, Larestan, Lamerd, Khonj, and Evaz counties in Fars and Bastak County and Ruydar in Hormozgan Province.[10][11]

Moreover, many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own particular dialect, such as Larestan, Khonj, Gerash, and Banaruiyeh. The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims, with a minority being Shia Muslims.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Etymology and name of the language

[edit]

There are different ways to refer to this language.

  • Achomi: Native speakers often refer to their language as "ačomī", which means "I go" in the language.[5] Other explanations for this name are the language's frequent usage of the [tʃ] consonant, and that Arabs, with whom these people traded, called them 'Ajam', which means non-Arab.[20]
  • Khodmooni: In GCC states surrounding the Persian Gulf, Achomis are referred to as Khodmooni'.[8] This translates to "of our own kind".[8][10][11]
  • Lari: This language is sometimes called Lari.[21] To reiterate, 'Lar' originates from 'Lad' which means "the origin of everything".[6] It is also important to note that Lari can be used to refer to a dialect or a language.[5]

History

[edit]

The Achomi language can be considered a descendant of the Sassanid Persian language or Middle Persian.[4]

Achomi language and its various local dialects such as Lari, Evazi, Khonji, Gerashi, Bastaki, etc., is the branch of the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language of the Sassanid Empire.[3]

Today, the language is known as an endangered language.[21] In particular, UNESCO refers to it as a "definitely endangered" language with approximately 1,180,000 speakers.[21] It also does not have official language status in Iran. This is because Iran only recognizes standard Persian as an official language. However, Iran allows the use of minority languages, such as Achomi, in the media and the education system (alongside Persian).[22] Nevertheless, Achomi remains an endangered language with many dialectal differences gradually disappearing because of the domination of Persian.[21][23]

Many Iranians moved to GCC States in order to pursue better economic opportunities.[24] This included Achomis.[8] These Achomis are often multilingual.[8] Achomi migrants still speak this language in their homes, however, this variety has been influenced by the Arabic language a little but is mutually intelligible with standard Persian.[3]

Classification

[edit]

The language is a branch of the Pahlavi language.[6] This means that it shares the ergative structure of Pahlavi.[6] It is also an analytical language.[5] This can be linked back to its membership in the southwestern branch of Middle-Iranian languages.[5][6]

Except for the regional accent, pronunciation of certain words, and a slight variation in grammar, this old language has been the common language of the Southwestern Pars Province and parts of Hormozgan Province for nearly 1,800 years despite the various conquests of the region since the fall of the Sassanid Empire.[25]

Dialects

[edit]

Achomi has many dialects.[23][20][6] These dialects correspond to Larestan's different towns.[6] Examples of these dialects include Lari, Evazi, Gerashi, Khonji and Bastaki.[23]These dialectical variations may present themselves through pronunciation.[6][20] There may also be grammatical and word differences between the dialects.[23] Hence, if the speaker is from Evaz, they are referred as speaking Evazi, and if they are from Bastak their dialect is known as Bastaki.[8]

An example of a dialectal variation: in some particular regions, Achomi people say raftom for "I went" (very similar to the Persian raftam), but in some other regions, just as Lar people, they say chedem (Kurdish: dichim or dechim) instead.

Samples

[edit]

Vocabulary

[edit]
Pronouns
English Achomi Kurdish New Persian (Farsi)
I/me اُم, om

مُ, mo

Kurmanji: mi / min Standard: من, romanizedman

Bushehri: مو, romanizedmo

You اُت, ot Kurmanji: tu / te Standard: تو, romanizedtoe
He/she اُش, osh Kurmanji: wi Standard: او, romanizedou
We مُ, mo Kurmanji: me Standard: ما, romanizedma
You (plural) تُ, to Kurmanji: we Standard: شما, romanizedshoma
They شُ, sho Kurmanji: wan Standard: آنها, romanizedaneha

Tehrani/Iranian: اینا, romanizedena

Grammatical features

[edit]

Past tense verbs

[edit]
First type
[edit]

To make simple past verbs

The ids (om / ot / osh / mo / to / sho) + The simple past root of the first type.

Example:

English Achomi Kurdish New Persian (Farsi)
I told اُم گُت, om got Kurmanji: مِن گُت, romanizedMin got

Sorani: گوتم, romanizedgot am

Standard: گفتم/من گفتَم, romanizedgoftam/man goftam
He/she won اُش بو, Osh bu Kurmanji: Wî/wê qezenc kir

Sorani: ئەو سەرکەوت, romanizediew serkewt

Standard: او برنده شد, romanizedo barandeh shod
You ate (plural) تُ خا, To kha Kurmanji: تی خوار, romanizedTe xwar

Sorani: تون خوارن, romanizedto xwardnt xward

Standard: شما خورده اید, romanizedshma khordeh id

Tehrani/Iranian: شما خوردین, romanizedshoma khorden

Second type
[edit]

The root of the past simple second type + ids (em / esh / ruleless / am / ee / en)

Example:

English Achomi Kurdish New Persian (Farsi)
Went (I) چِد اِم, Ched em Kurmanji: çûm Standard: رفته‌ام, romanizedraftah-am

Tehrani/Iranian: رفتَم, romanizedraftam

Bushehri: رفتُم, romanizedraftom

Went (you) چِد اِش, Ched esh Kurmanji: çûyî Standard: رفتی, romanizedrafti
Went (she/he) چو, Chu Kurmanji: çû Standard: رفت, romanizedraft
Went (we) چِد اَم, Ched am Kurmanji: çûn Standard: رفتیم, romanizedraftim
Went (you-plural) چِد ای, Ched ee Kurmanji: çûyî Standard: رفته اید, romanizedrafteh id

Tehrani/Iranian: رفتین, romanizedrafteen

Went (they) چِد اِن, Ched en Kurmanji: çûn Standard: رفتند, romanizedraftand

Tehrani/Iranian: رفتن, romanizedraftan

And...

Ergativity

[edit]

To create an ergative verb in past tense we can use the verb root plus its proper prefix.

For example, in Achomi, the root for the verb "to tell" is "got" (gota equals "tell").

English Achomi Kurdish New Persian (Farsi)
I told اُم گُت, om got Kurmanji: mi/min got Standard: گفتم/من گفتم, romanizedgoftam/man goftam
You told اُت گُت, ot got Kurmanji: tu/te got Standard: شما گفتید, romanizedshma goftid

Tehrani/Iranian: تو گفتی, romanizedto gofti

He/she told اُش گُت, osh got Kurmanji: wi got Standard: او گفت, romanizedo goft
We told مُ گُت, mo got Kurmanji: me got Standard: گفتیم/ما گفتیم, romanizedgoftim/ma goftim
You (plural) told تُ گُت, to got Kurmanji: we got Standard: شما گفتید, romanizedshoma goftid

Tehrani/Iranian: شما گفتید, romanizedshoma gofteen

They told شُ گُت, sho got Kurmanji: wan got Standard: گفتند/آنها گفتند, romanizedgoftand/aneya goftand

Tehrani/Iranian: گفتن/اینا گفتن, romanizedgoftan/ena goftan

Another example: "deda" means "see," and "dee" Kurdish (Deed or dee) is the root verb. So:

English Achomi Kurdish New Persian (Farsi)
I saw اُم دِی, om dee Kurmanji: mi/min deed/dee Standard: دیدم/من دیدم, romanizeddidam/man didam
You saw اُت دِی, ot dee Kurmanji: tu/te dee Standard: دیدی/شما دیدید, romanizeddidi/shoma didid
He/she saw اُش دِی, osh dee Kurmanji: wi dee Standard: او دید, romanizedou deed
We saw مُ دِی, mo dee Kurmanji: me dee Standard: ما دیدیم, romanizedma deedeem
You (plural) saw تُ دِی, to dee Kurmanji: we dee Standard: تو دیدی, romanizedtoe deedy
They saw شُ دِی, sho dee Kurmanji: wan dee Standard: آنها دیدن, romanizedinha deedan

Simple present

[edit]

To create a simple present or continued present tense of a transitive verb, here's another example:

English Achomi Kurdish (Karmanji) New Persian (Farsi)
I am telling... اَ گُت اِم, a got a'em Ez dibêjim... Standard: دارم میگم..., romanizeddaram migam
You are telling... اَ گُت اِش, a got a'esh Tu dibêjî... Standard: تو داری میگی..., romanizedto dari migi
He/she is telling... اَ گُت اَی, a got ay Ew dibêje ... Standard: داره میگه..., romanizeddareh migeh...

Bushehri: هاسی میگه..., romanizedhasey migah

We are telling اَ گُت اَم, a got a'am Em dibêjin Standard: داریم می گوییم, romanizeddarim mi guyim

Tehrani/Iranian: داریم میگیم, romanizeddarim mi gim

Bushehri: هاسی/هاسیم میگیم..., romanizedhasey\hasim migim

You (pl) are telling... اَ گُت اِی, a got ee Tu dibêjî Standard: شما می گویید, romanizedshma mi guyid

Tehrani/Iranian: شما میگین, romanizedshma migin

They are telling... اَ گُت اِن, a got a'en Ew dibêjin ... Standard: دارند می گویند, romanizeddarand mi guyand

Tehrani/Iranian: دارن میگن, romanizeddaran mi gan

For the verb "see" ("deda"):

adead'em, adeda'esh, adeaday,...

Sentences

[edit]
Source Material
Achomi New Persian (Farsi) English
اوش گت اِ خَش نی

osh got e khash ne

Standard: او گفت این خوب نیست, romanizedo goft en khob neest

Bushehri: او گفت این نه خوبه

He/she said this is not good
ریبای اُش گُت: مَم نای خونَه مِن

Ribay osh got: Mam nay khone min

Standard: روباه گفت: من نیازی ندارم، من خانه‌ای دارَم

Tehrani/Iranian: روباه گفت: من نیازی ندارم، خونه دارَم

Bushehri: روباه گفت: مو نیازی ندارُم، مو خونه‌ای دارُم

The fox said: I don’t need it, I have a home already.
اُشنا فَمی چُنگ بُکُن اِران فِک کَت اُچی اَ خونَه‌ی دامونِ اُشتُری

Oshna fami chung bokon eran fek kat ochi a khone-ye damon-e oshtori

Standard: او نمی‌دانست چه کار کند، فکر کرد می‌تواند برود به خانه‌ی خاله شتر

Tehrani/Iranian: اون نمی‌دونست چی کار کنه، فکر کرد می‌تونه بره خونه‌ی خاله شتر

Bushehri: روباه گفت: مو نیازی ندارُم، مو خونه‌ای دارُم

He didn’t know what to do, he thought he could go to the aunt camel’s house.
دامون اُشتُری در واز اُشکی، اوی گُت: از کَ هُندش

Damon oshtori dar vaz oshki, oy got: Az ka hondash

Standard: خاله شتر در را باز کرد، او گفت: از کجا آمدی؟ The aunt camel opened the door, he/she said: where did you come from?
ریبای: مَ از خونمو

ribay: ma az khonamo

Standard: روباه: من از خانه آمده ام

Bushehri: روباه: مو از خانه آمدُم

Fox: I [came] from home
دامونٍ أُشتُرى اگی: بَر جِه هُندِسِش اَ اِكِه؟

damone oshtori agee: bar che honsesh aeke?

Standard: خاله شتر گفت: برای چی آمدی اینجا؟

Tehrani/Iranian: خاله شتر گفت: چرا آمدی اینجا؟

Bushehri: خاله شتر گفت: سی چه آمدی اینجا؟

Camel aunt said: why did you come here?
ربياى: خونم پر تا پره او بُده

ribay: khonamo por ta pore ow bode

Fox: my home was full of water
أُشتُرى: بِدو اِ كِه پَس دَروازَ هُخَت

oshtori: bedo eke pase darvaza okhat

Camel: sleep behind my door
ربياى: مَ مِ کِ نا خَتِم, دَروازَى گُتى گُتى مَ لى بِكِت

ribay: ma meke nakhatem, daravazy goti goti mali beket

Standard: روباه: من نمی توانم آنجا بخوابم، ممکن است در بزرگ روی من بیفتد

Tehrani/Iranian: روباه: من اونجا نمیتونم بخوابم، در بزرگ ممکنه رو سرم بیفته

Bushehri: روباه: مو اونجا نمیتونُم بِخوسُم، دروازه گتو ممکنه رو کله‌ام/سرُم بیفته

Fox: I can't sleep there, the big door might fall on me
أُشتُرى: نِپَ بُرو پَنِ خُمَ هُخَت

oshtori: nepa boro pane khoma hokhat

Camel: go sleep next to the park
ریبای اگی: خومَه ى كُتى كُتى مَلى بِكِت

robaye agee: khomaye goti goti mali beket

شَ هَرجُ اَگُت هُخَت شَ گُت مَ ناخَتِم

sha harjo agot hokhat, shagot ma nakhatem

Standard: هر جا بهش گفت بخواب، گفت نمی‌خوابَم

Bushehri: هر جا سیش گفت بخوس، گفت نمی‌خوسُم

Wherever he told him to sleep he said I wont sleep

Poetry

[edit]
Bastaki - Gol Bustan (Ali Akbar Bastaki ver)[26]
Achomi New Persian (Farsi) English
گل بستانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Gol bostanen esmush nadonem سرو گلستانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Sarv golestanen esmush nadonem

گل بوستان است، نامش را نمی‌برم

سرو گلستان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

The flower is from the garden, but I do not mention its name.  

The cypress is from the grove, but I do not know its name.

جمال زیبایش هَرکِش نَدِدُه

Jamal zibayesh har kesh nadede چون ماه تابانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Chon mah tabanen esmush nadonem

چهرهٔ زیبای او را هر کس ندیده‌است [بداند که]

چون ماه تابان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Those who have not seen their beautiful face [should know that]  

It shines like the radiant moon, but I do not know their name.

کمند گیسویش حلقه‌حلقه هِن

Kamand gisuyehsh halqeh-halqeh hen چو عنبرافشانِن اسمُش نادُنِم cho anbara afshanen esmush nadonem

گیسویش همچون کمندی، حلقه‌حلقه است،

که عطر عنبر می‌پراکند — نامش را نمی‌دانم.

Her hair, like a lasso, is curled in perfect rings,

Scattering the fragrance of ambergris — I do not know her name.

بِگِرد رخسار ماه اَنوَرُش

Begard rokhsar mah anvoresho گِزِیْرِ چوگانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Gezir-e choganen esmush nadonem

بر گرد عارضش ماه انوری است

که زیر چوگان [زلفش محاط] است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Around their visage is a luminous moon,  

Encircled beneath the arc of their tresses, but I do not know their name.

کمان ابرویش وقت قصد دل

Kaman abruyesh vaght qasd del با تیر مژگانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Ba tir-e mozhganen esmush nadonem

کمان ابروی او [در] هنگام شکار دل [عاشق]

به همراه تیر مژگان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

The bow of their eyebrow, in the hunt for a lover's heart,  

Is accompanied by the arrow of their lashes, but I do not know their name.

چشمان شهلایَش پناهم بخدا

Cheshman-e shahlayash panah-am be khoda رهزن ایمانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Rahzan-e iman-en esmush nadonem

[از] چشمان شهلای او پناه به خدا می‌برم

[که] رهزن ایمان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

I seek refuge in God from their captivating, doe-like eyes,  

For they are a thief of faith, but I do not know their name.  

دماغ باریکش پَترِنُویْ طلا

Damaq-e barikash patrenavi tala چن چفت و موزونِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Chen cheft o mozounen esmush nadonem

[بر] بینی باریک او پتری طلا

چقدر متناسب و موزون است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Upon their slender nose lies a golden ornament,  

So perfectly balanced and harmonious, but I do not know their name.

دهان چون میمش دُرْجِ مُرْوَرِی

Dahan chon mimash dorj-e morvari پستهٔ خندانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Pesteh khandanen esmush nadonem

دهان چون میم او [که] پر از مروارید است

پستهٔ خندان را مانَد، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Her mouth, shaped like the letter Mīm, is filled with pearls,

It resembles a laughing pistachio; I do not know her name.

لعل لب قندُش چون نبات ناب

La’l-e lab-e ghandesh chon nabat-e nab عقیق و مرجانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Aqiq o marjanen esmush nadonem

لعل لب شکرینش چون نبات و یا

[چون] عقیق و مرجان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Her sweet lips of ruby are like sugarcane,

Or like agate and coral; I do not know her name.

در مجلس صحبت خوش‌مَثَل چُونُویْ

Dar majles sohbat khosh-masale chonovey بلبل خوش‌خوانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Bolbol-e khosh-khanen esmush nadonem

در گفتگو و سخن از بس خوش‌صحبت است

[مانند] بلبل خوش‌خوان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

In conversation and speech, she is so charming,

She is like a sweet-singing nightingale; I do not know her name.

لِه سینهٔ صافُش آخی بر دلم

Le sineh safesh, akhi bar delam دو سیب پستانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Do sib-e pestanen esmush nadonem

روی سینهٔ صافش، ای وای بر دلم

پستان او چون دو سیب است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

On her smooth chest—oh, woe to my heart!

Her breasts are like two apples; I do not know her name.

همچون دل عاشق بیقرار و تاب

Hamchon del-e asheq biqarar o tab زیبق لرزانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Zeybaq-e larzanen esmush nadonem

فیروزه‌انگشتر شَه انگشت بلور

Firouzeh angoshtar-e shah angosht-e bolour دست پُر بِهْبانِن[ح] اسمُش نادُنِم

Dast-e por behbanen esmush nadonem

هنگام آرایش زیب صورتُش

Hengam-e arayesh zeyb-e sooratesh مشاطَه حیرانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Mashateh heyranen esmush nadonem

به هنگام آرایش، [از] زیبایی صورت او

مشاطه حیران است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

When adorned, her face is so beautiful

That even the beautician is left astonished; I do not know her name.

تِی سوخْتَنِی[خ] چِیْتُش وقتی شَه سُرُه

Ti sokhtane chitash vaghti shah sareh آشوب دورانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Ashoob-e dorananen esmush nadonem

[با] نقاب و سرپوش چیت وقتی که بر سر دارد

آشوب‌گر دوران است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

With her veil and cotton scarf upon her head,

She is the turmoil of her time; I do not know her name.

جُمخُو مَلَس‌جُوزِی غرق پولکی

Jomkho malas-jozi qarq-e poolaki تا وَرِ کیبانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Ta var-e keibanen esmush nadonem

پیراهن ابریشمین گل‌درشت او [که] غرق از پولک [طلایی] است

[کوتاه] و تا لبهٔ آغاز دامن [او]ست، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Her floral silk dress, covered in golden sequins,

Short and just above the hemline; I do not know her name.

شلوار یَکتاکِی چیتِ اطلسی

Shalvar-e yaktake chit-e atlasi به پای جانانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Be pay-e jananen esmush nadonem

شلوار یک‌طرفهٔ [دامن] او از چیت اطلسی

به پای او جانانه [و خوش‌نما] است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Her one-sided skirt of atlas cotton

Graces her legs beautifully; I do not know her name.

از مُو دل اُشبُردُه ان مَپِش بگُوی

Az mo del eshborde an mapash begoy که شاه خوبانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Ke shah-e khobanen esmush nadonem

از من دلم را ربوده‌است، کسی نزد او [این سخن را] نگوید

که او شاه خوبان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

She has stolen my heart—let no one tell her this,

For she is the queen of beauties; I do not know her name.

دیوانه اُشکردِم نادُنِم کِه هِن

Divaneh-osh kerdem nadonem ke hen دل از غَمُش خونِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Del az ghamash khoonen esmush nadonem

مرا دیوانه کرده‌است و نمی‌دانم که کیست

دل [من] از غمش خون است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

She has driven me mad, and I do not know who she is,

My heart bleeds from her sorrow; I do not know her name.

از ساعتی کِمْدِی هنگام پَسین

Az sa’ati kemdi hangam-e pasin چشم مُو گریانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Cheshm-e mo geryanen esmush nadonem

از لحظه‌ای که به هنگام بعد از ظهر دیدمش

چشم من گریان است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Since the moment I saw her that afternoon,

My eyes have been tearful; I do not know her name.

مَکِس خریدارِن بَر اِنِ مَخَه

Makas kharidaren bar en makhah یوسف کنعانِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Yousef-e Kan’ananen esmush nadonem

همه‌کس خریدار او هستند [با آنچنان عشوه و دلربایی‌اش]، مگر

او یوسف کنعانی است، نامش را نمی‌دانم

Everyone admires her with such charm and grace—

Could she be Joseph of Canaan? I do not know her name.

عاشق رخسارُش والله که وَ دل

Asheq-e rokhsar-osh vallah ke va del غمناک و محزونِن اسمُش نادُنِم

Ghamnak o mahzounen esmush nadonem

Lari - Mansour Arnvaz[27]
Achomi New Persian (Farsi) English
تا بهاره بِدا تَو چَم بَر اَصَحرَو بُكُنَم

اَمِن خرمن گل بازي اَتَي تَو بكنم

وقتی بهار می‌رسد، در دشت‌ها و صحراها قدم خواهم زد،

و در خرمن گل‌ها به دلخواه بازی خواهم کرد.

When spring arrives, I will wander along the plains and deserts,

I will play with the fields of flowers as much as I desire.

چُنِ مهتاب بدا تا شَو نِخَتَم تا گل صبح

كسي نادُو كه صَبا رُز شَواشَو بُكُنَم

مانند نور ماه، تا طلوع صبح بیدار خواهم ماند،

و کسی نخواهد دانست که صبح را با نسیم به آواز می‌خوانم.

Like moonlight, I will stay awake until dawn, until the morning blooms,

No one will know that I turn the morning breeze into song.

مخملِ سَوز شَبَر دشت بيابو اَمَه جا

بِدا ازتَم بِشَخَم غصَه شَوا اَو بُكُنَم

روی مخمل دشت‌های بیابانی در شب،

غم‌هایم را دور می‌کنم و آن‌ها را به آب تبدیل می‌کنم.

On the velvet-strewn fields of the desert at night,

I will scatter my sorrows away and turn them into water.

چه خَشه بوي گل شبّو كه مُناره تا پسين

چَش اَلوي يك اُنِسَم يك چُندُكوي خَو بُكُنم

چه بوی خوشی از گل شب‌بو که تا غروب می‌پیچد،

به آن خیره می‌شوم و در آغوشش به خوابی آرام فرو می‌روم.

How sweet is the fragrance of night-blooming jasmine at sunset,

I will gaze upon it and sleep peacefully in its embrace.

آسمون ابري بُبُو بَرو بيا نَم پَروار

اَمَه جا اَو بِگِره شايت اُچَم دَو بُكُنَم

وقتی آسمان ابری شود، باران ببارد، و مه پراکنده شود،

بگذار آب اینجا را پر کند، شاید تشنگی‌ام را سیلاب کند.

When the sky turns cloudy, rain falls, and mist spreads,

Let water fill this place, and perhaps it will flood my thirst.

چُنِ مورِدِ سَوز از تاي بركه بُده مالامال

بدا تا تي تَخِ بِركَه اَو اَسَكرَو بُكُنَم

مانند برگ‌های مورد که برکه را می‌سوزاند و پر می‌کند،

سطح برکه تو را پر می‌کنم و سوزش را با آب خاموش می‌کنم.

Like the burning myrtle leaves filling the pond,

I will fill your pond's surface and quench the burning with water.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Larestan, Iran".
  2. ^ a b Achomi at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
  3. ^ a b c Wikipedia, Source (2013). Southwestern Iranian Languages: Persian Dialects and Varieties, Persian Language, Tajik Language, Dari, Persianate Society, Tajik Alphabet, Old Persia. General Books. ISBN 9781230641287.
  4. ^ a b گويش مردم اوز. نسرين انصاف پور و محمد رفيع ضيايى 1396
  5. ^ a b c d e Moridi, Behzad (2009). "The Dialects of Lar (The State of Research)". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (2): 335–340. doi:10.1163/157338410X12625876281389. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703812.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "ICEHM: International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management" (PDF). icehm.org. doi:10.15242/icehm.ed0115115. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference e27 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d e f Halkias, Daphne; Adendorff, Christian (2016-04-22). Governance in Immigrant Family Businesses: Enterprise, Ethnicity and Family Dynamics. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 9781317125952.
  9. ^ "Endangered Languages Project - Lari - larestani". www.endangeredlanguages.com. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  10. ^ a b c Mehran (2 March 2023). "كتاب تاريخ جنوب فارس لارستان وبستك" (in Arabic).
  11. ^ a b c khodo mania (27 April 2023). "كتاب تاريخ جنوب فارس لارستان وبستك". YouTube (in Arabic).
  12. ^ "Larestani, Lari in Iran".
  13. ^ "Larestani people of Iran". The Larestani people are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
  14. ^ "Larestani". While most people in Iran are Shi'ite Muslims, the Larestani are Sunnis.
  15. ^ Van Donzel, E. J., ed. (January 1994). Islamic Desk Reference. Brill. p. 225. ISBN 9004097384.
  16. ^ "Information of the people of Bushehr province". Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  17. ^ "Bushehr Governor's Website". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
  18. ^ "Bushehr Province Justice Website".[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ "Cyrus The Great International Open Academy".[permanent dead link]
  20. ^ a b c Rahimi, Ali; Tayebeh Mansoori (2016). A Study of Personal Pronouns of Larestani Language as an Endangered Iranian Language. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.1342.0566.
  21. ^ a b c d "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  22. ^ "Islamic Parliament of Iran - Constitution". en.parliran.ir. Archived from the original on 2016-10-27. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  23. ^ a b c d Moridi, Behzad (2009). "The Dialects of Lar (The State of Research)". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (2): 335–340. doi:10.1163/157338410X12625876281389. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703812.
  24. ^ Worrall, James; Saleh, Alam (2019). "Persian Pride and Prejudice: Identity Maintenance and Interest Calculations among Iranians in the United Arab Emirates". International Migration Review. 54 (2): 496–526. doi:10.1177/0197918319860154. ISSN 0197-9183. S2CID 203427429.
  25. ^ "Iranian and Arab in the Gulf : endangered language, windtowers, and fish sauce".
  26. ^ Bastaki, Ali Akbar. ابیات محلی جهانگیریه [Local poems of Jahangiriya]. دانشگاه تهران, Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute Library.
  27. ^ "شعر لاری" [Lari Poem]. لاري كائت (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-11-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)