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Agnes Fry

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For the ship, a US Confederate blockade runner, see Agnes E. Fry.

Agnes Fry
Image from a Fry family album
Born25 March 1869
Highgate
Occupation(s)Writer, bryologist
FatherSir Edward Fry
RelativesJoan Mary Fry, Roger Eliot Fry, Isabel Fry, Margery Fry, Ruth Fry

Agnes Fry FRAS (25 March 1869 - 15 August 1958) was a British bryologist, astronomer, botanical illustrator, writer and poet, who donated Failand House's Estate to the National Trust.

Family

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Fry was born on 25 March 1869,[1] in Highgate.[2] Her father was Sir Edward Fry, the jurist, and the family were prominent Quakers connected to Fry's Chocolate.[2] One of nine children,[3] Fry had two brothers and six sisters:

In his diaries Ernest Satow recorded that of Edward Fry's daughters, Agnes was "the deaf but interesting and learned one".[4]

Research

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Botany

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Edward Fry encouraged the education of his daughters, in particular he encouraged an interest in natural sciences.[2] Fry collaborated with her father on several scientific works, including the botanical illustrations for British Mosses.[5] They co-authored The Mycetozoa, published in 1899,[6] which ran to a second edition in 1915.[7] In his introduction to The Liverworts he praised her "zealous cooperation" in their research.[8] She collected a large number of specimens, in particular from the family's estate at Failand. Specimens she collected there included: Physarum viride, Fuligo septica, Chondrioderma spumarioides, Lamproderma irideum and Dictydium umbilicatum.[6] She was an early member of the British Mycological Society.[2] She was also a member of the Bristol Naturalists' Society.[7]

Astronomy

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Agnes Fry was an amateur astronomer, joining the British Astronomical Association on 29 November 1905. She was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society on 14 February 1919 on the recommendation of W F Denning.[9]

Textiles

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Fry was also a collector of embroidery, particularly that produced by 'peasant' communities from around the world. In 1949 she donated her collection of 260 pieces to Bristol Museum. Her friends and relatives donated pieces to the collection, and she also commissioned pieces from local craftspeople through her network of acquaintances.[10] When she donated the collection the also gave £50 to fund its display, which she stipulated should have "good illumination as needlework requires narrow inspection".[10]

Correspondence with the Eugenics Society

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Fry was a member of the Eugenics Society and corresponded with them, in particular around the question of how to prevent people with disabilities from marrying.[11]

  • Letter to Eugenics Society enquiring about preventing a disabled woman from marrying, p. 1 (Wellcome Collection)
    Letter to Eugenics Society enquiring about preventing a disabled woman from marrying, p. 1 (Wellcome Collection)
  • Letter to Eugenics Society enquiring about preventing a disabled woman from marrying, p. 2 (Wellcome Collection)
    Letter to Eugenics Society enquiring about preventing a disabled woman from marrying, p. 2 (Wellcome Collection)
  • Reply to Agnes Fry suggesting sterilisation as a course of action, p. 1 (Wellcome Collection)
    Reply to Agnes Fry suggesting sterilisation as a course of action, p. 1 (Wellcome Collection)
  • Reply to Agnes Fry suggesting sterilisation as a course of action, p. 1 (Wellcome Collection)
    Reply to Agnes Fry suggesting sterilisation as a course of action, p. 1 (Wellcome Collection)

Later life

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From the 1930s, Fry lived at Home Farm on the Failand Estate.[12] She planted two oak trees there: the first to commemorate the silver jubilee of George V and Queen Mary (in 1935); the second to mark the coronation of George VI (in 1937).[12] In 1958 the 393 acre Failand House Estate was donated to the National Trust.[13] The house had been the Fry family's summer home.[14][15] Fry died on 15 August 1958.

Selected publications

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Memoir

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  • A memoir of the Right Honourable Sir Edward Fry, G.C.B. (Oxford University Press, 1921).[16]

Bryology

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  • The Liverworts: British and Foreign (Witherby & Company, 1911).[8]
  • 'Pwdre Ser.' Nature (1910).[17]
  • The Mycetozoa and some questions which they suggest (Knowledge Office, 1899).[18]
  • 'Position of Boughs in Summer and Winter' Nature (1896).[19]

Astronomy

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• Model of the Solar System, JBAA 19 (1908), p. 21[20]

• Correspondence: A Hanging Sundial, JBAA 19 (1909), p. 404[21]

• Correspondence: Iridescent Colours on Clouds, JBAA 25 (1914), p. 101[22]

• The Green Flash, JBAA 39 (1928), p. 61[23] & 39 (1929), p. 167[24]

• The Illumination of the Dark side of Venus, JBAA 44 (1934), p. 284[25]

• The Precious Things put Forth by the Moon, JBAA 51 (1941), p. 319[26]

Poetry

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  • Stars and Constellations: A Little Guide to the Sky (J Baker & Son, 1911).[27]
  • Winter Sunshine & Other Verses (Orphan's Printing Press, 1929).[28]

References

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  1. ^ "107 Agnes Fry". 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Creese, Mary R. S. (1 January 2000). Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-585-27684-7.
  3. ^ "Fry, Sir Edward (1827–1918), judge and zoologist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33283. Retrieved 7 April 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ Ruxton, Ian, ed. (24 August 2019). The Diaries of Sir Ernest Satow, 1906-1911. Lulu.com. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-359-87213-8.
  5. ^ Fry, Edward (1892). British mosses. London: Witherby. p. 71. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.22645.
  6. ^ a b "Botany | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  7. ^ a b Lister, Gulielma (1918). The mycetozoa;a short history of their study in Britain; an account of their habitats generally; and a list of species recorded from Essex. Stratford. hdl:2027/umn.31951000358545g.
  8. ^ a b Fry, Sir Edward; Fry, Agnes (1911). The Liverworts, British and Foreign. Witherby & Company.
  9. ^ "1918MNRAS..79...99. Page 99". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Bibcode:1918MNRAS..79...99. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Bristol City Council : Museum Collections". 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Miss Agnes Fry". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Things to see and do in Failand | National Trust". 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  13. ^ "Failand House | National Trust". 6 April 2021. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  14. ^ "Roger Eliot Fry (1866-1934) | King's College Cambridge". www.kings.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  15. ^ Cho, Mijin (2010). British Quaker women and peace, 1880s to 1920s. University of Birmingham. Ph.D.
  16. ^ Fry, Agnes; Fry, Edward (1921). A memoir of the Right Honourable Sir Edward Fry, G.C.B. [electronic resource] : Lord Justice of the Court of Appeal, Ambassador Extraordinary and first British plenipotentiary to the Second Hague Conference : 1827-1918. University of California Libraries. [London] : H. Milford, Oxford University Press.
  17. ^ Fry, Agnes (1910). "Pwdre Ser". Nature. 83 (2122): 521. Bibcode:1910Natur..83..521F. doi:10.1038/083521d0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 3958723.
  18. ^ Fry, Edward; Fry, Agnes (1869-) (1899). The Mycetozoa and some questions which they suggest. University of California Libraries. London : Knowledge Office.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Fry, Agnes (1896). "Position of Boughs in Summer and Winter". Nature. 55 (1418): 198. Bibcode:1896Natur..55..198F. doi:10.1038/055198e0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 3981443.
  20. ^ "1908JBAA...19....1G Page 21". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  21. ^ "1909JBAA...19..403. Page 404". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  22. ^ "1914JBAA...25..101. Page 101". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  23. ^ "1928JBAA...39...61. Page 61". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  24. ^ "1929JBAA...39..165. Page 167". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  25. ^ "1934JBAA...44..281. Page 284". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  26. ^ "SAO/NASA ADS Journal Query Page". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  27. ^ Fry, Agnes (1911). Stars and Constellations: A Little Guide to the Sky. J. Baker and Son.
  28. ^ Fry ([of - ?]), Agnes (1993). Winter Sunshine and Other Verses. Orphans' Printing Press, Limited.
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