Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
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The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APSA; Italian: Amministrazione del Patrimonio della Sede Apostolica) is the office of the Roman Curia that deals with the "provisions owned by the Holy See in order to provide the funds necessary for the Roman Curia to function".[1] It was established by Pope Paul VI on 15 August 1967 and reorganized on 8 July 2014. APSA acts as the treasury and central bank of Vatican City and the Holy See.
Both before and after the reorganization of its functions in 2014, APSA has been distinct from the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See.
Assets
[edit]The assets entrusted to the administration (previously in the care of what was its Extraordinary Section) were initially 750 million Italian lire (at that time equivalent to £8,152,000) in cash and 1 billion Italian lire (at that time equivalent to £10,869,000) in Italian State bonds, an amount less than Italy would have paid under the Law of Guarantees of 1871, if the Holy See had accepted this.[2] A 2012 report from the Council of Europe identified the value of a section of the Vatican's property assets as an amount in excess of €680 million (£570 million); as of January 2013, a papal official in Rome named Paolo Mennini manages this portion of the Holy See's assets—consisting of British investments, other European holdings and a currency trading arm. The Guardian described Mennini as "in effect the pope's merchant banker [who] heads a special unit inside the Vatican called the extraordinary division of APSA – Amministrazione del Patrimonio della Sede Apostolica – which handles the so-called 'patrimony of the Holy See'."[3] In total, APSA valued the total patrimony managed by the Vatican at over 2.9 billion dollars (2.7 billion euros) in 2023.
History
[edit]Pope Paul VI established APSA as part of his broader reform of the Roman Curia in the apostolic constitution Regimini Ecclesiae universae issued on 15 August 1967.[4] It is the latest in a series of bodies first established in 1878 and subject to periodic modifications in name and remit.[5]
APSA was composed originally of two sections:
- The Ordinary Section continued the work of the Administration of the Property of the Holy See, a commission that Pope Leo XIII set up in 1880, initially as an advisory body, and to which in 1891 he gave direct responsibility for administering the property remaining to the Holy See after the complete loss of the Papal States in 1870.
- The Extraordinary Section administers the funds given by the Italian government to implement the Financial Convention attached to the Lateran Treaty of 1929. Before the establishment of APSA, these latter funds were managed by the Special Administration of the Holy See.[6] After World War II, the International Monetary Fund recognized the Administration of the Property of the Holy See, as the central bank of Vatican City.[7]
On 9 July 2014, the Ordinary Section of APSA was transferred to the Secretariat for the Economy.[8][9] Only the Extraordinary Section remained within the purview of APSA. Since then APSA focuses exclusively on its role as a treasury for the Holy See and the Vatican City State.[10][11][12]
Although Pope John Paul II's apostolic constitution Pastor bonus specified that APSA is headed by a prelate with the rank of cardinal,[13] the custom of giving the president of APSA the temporary title of "Pro-President" until he becomes a cardinal has fallen into disuse; Pope John Paul and his successors have all given the title of president to prelates who were not yet cardinals.[citation needed]
In 2021 it was revealed that Libero Milone the first auditor general in an interview confirmed Holy See invested funds in a pharmaceutical company which produces an emergency contraceptive “morning after pill,” but sold its shares in the company when the Vatican’s auditor reported the investment to senior Church officials.[14]
The apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium, which takes effect in June 2022, identifies the head of APSA as a president without any requirement as to clerical status. When it took effect, the president was a bishop who was not given the personal title of archbishop, which was previously the custom for both the president and, as recently as 2002, the secretary of the agency. Since 2011, the secretary has been a priest, not a bishop.
List of presidents
[edit]- Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (7 May 1968[15] – 30 April 1969)[16]
- Jean-Marie Villot (2 May 1969[16] – 9 March 1979)
- Giuseppe Caprio (28 April 1979 – 30 January 1981)[17]
- initially named pro-president; president when made a cardinal in July 1979[18]
- Agostino Casaroli (30 January 1981[17] – 8 April 1984)[19]
- Agnelo Rossi (8 April 1984[19] – 6 December 1989)[20]
- Rosalio José Castillo Lara (6 December 1989[20] – 24 June 1995)[21]
- Lorenzo Antonetti (24 June 1995[21] – 5 November 1998)[22]
- initially named pro-president; president when made cardinal in February 1998[23]
- Agostino Cacciavillan (5 November 1998[22] – 1 October 2002)[24]
- an archbishop named president though not a cardinal until February 2001
- Attilio Nicora (1 October 2002[24] – 7 July 2011)[25]
- given the personal title of archbishop and named president though not a cardinal until October 2003
- Domenico Calcagno (7 July 2011[25] - 26 June 2018)[26]
- given the personal title of archbishop when named secretary of APSA in 2007
- named president though not a cardinal until February 2012
- Nunzio Galantino (26 June 2018[26] – 2 October 2023)[27]
- a bishop named president though not a cardinal
- Giordano Piccinotti, S.D.B. (2 October 2023[27][28] – present)
- a priest named president, then named a titular archbishop on 31 January 2024
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Pastor Bonus, 172 as revised by Motu proprio on 8 July 2014
- ^ "End of Roman Question". The Times. L'Actualité de l'histoire. 12 February 1929.
- ^ Leigh, David (21 January 2013). "How the Vatican built a secret property empire using Mussolini's millions". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
- ^ Pope Paul VI (15 August 1967). "Regimini Ecclesiae universae". Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved 30 September 2020. The text is available in Italian and Latin.
- ^ "Amministrazione del Patrimonio della Sede Apostolica" (in Italian). A.P.S.A. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- ^ Annuario Pontificio 2012 (ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 1847. The same text is given on the website of the Holy See Archived 8 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pollard, 2005, p. 200.
- ^ "Pope revolutionizes Vatican by opening finances to scrutiny". Reuters. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ^ "Motu proprio of 8 July 2014". 14 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
- ^ "Press Conference for the presentation of the New Economic Framework for the Holy See". Press Office of the Holy See. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
- ^ "New Economic Framework for the Holy See". Vatican Information Service. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ O'Connell, Gerald (11 July 2014). "Exclusive Interview with Cardinal George Pell on Financial Reform at the Vatican". America. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
- ^ "Pastor Bonus". Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved 20 October 2020. Chapter II, Article 173.
- ^ Vatican criticized for investment in ‘morning after pill’ producer
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LX. 1968. p. 299.
- ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXI. 1969. pp. 349–51.
- ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXIII. 1981. p. 138.
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXI. 1979. p. 966.
- ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXVI. 1984. p. 507.
- ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXXII. 1990. p. 120.
- ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXXVII. 1995. p. 732.
- ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. XL. 1998. p. 1047.
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. XL. 1998. p. 246.
- ^ a b "Rinunce e Nomine, 01.10.2002" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 1 October 2002. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Rinunce e Nomine, 07.07.2011" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Resignations and Appointments, 26.06.2018" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Rinunce e nomine, 02.10.2023" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ "Don Piccinotti nuovo presidente dell'Apsa. Galantino: grato verso tutti" (in Italian). Vatican News. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- Additional sources
- Pollard, John F. (2005). Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850–1950. Cambridge University Press.
- Further reading
- Malachi Martin - Rich Church, Poor Church (Putnam, New York, 1984) ISBN 0-399-12906-5
- Allen Jr., John L. (27 June 2018). "Pope Francis calls a 'Hail Mary' pass on Vatican financial reform". Crux. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
External links
[edit]- APSA official site, in Italian
- APSA Uffici, in Italian
- APSA Regolamento, in Italian
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