Ada Wells
Ada Wells | |
|---|---|
 Ada Wells in early 1930s | |
| Born | Ada Pike 29 April 1863 Henley-on-Thames, South Oxfordshire, England |
| Died | 22 March 1933 (aged 69) Christchurch, New Zealand |
| Alma mater | Canterbury College |
| Occupation(s) | Educator, social activist, suffragist |
| Spouse |
Harry Wells (m. 1884–1918) |
| Relatives | Rachel McAlpine (great-granddaughter)[1] |
Ada Wells (née Pike, 29 April 1863 – 22 March 1933) was an English-born New Zealand feminist and social worker.
Biography
[edit]
Ada Pike was born near Henley-on-Thames, South Oxfordshire, England. Her parents emigrated to New Zealand with their four girls and one boy in 1873, arriving on the Merope in Lyttelton on 31 October of that year.[2] She attended Avonside School from 1874, and Christchurch West High School in 1876, where she then worked as a pupil-teacher from 1877 to 1881.[2]
Wells attended Canterbury College. In 1884, aged 20, she married Harry Wells, the cathedral organist and choirmaster.[3] Twelve years Ada's senior, with a violent temper and fondness for alcohol, he was a poor financial manager. Ada's marital experience – where she was, at times, the family breadwinner – strengthened her belief that women should have economic independence.
Wells was a teacher at St. Albans School which was situated in a poor working class part of Christchurch. With her husband's help, Ada put on concerts in aid of the school prize fund. In 1892, Ada, pregnant, sought two months' leave of absence. The North Canterbury Education Board was inclined to grant this. However, Ada was opposed by the headmaster, James Speight, who wrote a long letter on 'the delinquencies of Mrs. Wells'. Rather than being granted leave of absence, Ada was dismissed.[4]
In the 1880s, working within the Women's Christian Temperance Union New Zealand (WCTU NZ), Ada was active in the women's suffrage movement. While Kate Sheppard was the public face of the WCTU NZ campaign for the enfranchisement of women, Ada was an organiser.[5] In 1893 New Zealand became the first self-governing country in the world in which all women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections.[6][7]
In 1892, Ada established the Canterbury Women's Institute, an organisation similar to the Women's Franchise Leagues in other parts of the country; for many years, she was president. In 1896 when the National Council of Women of New Zealand was formed, she became its first secretary.[8]
From 1899 to 1906, Ada was an elected member of the Ashburton and North Canterbury United Charitable Aid Board. She was associated with the Prison Gate Mission for the rehabilitation of ex-prisoners. A founding member of the National Council of Women in 1896, she was the first secretary.
She had three daughters and a son.[2] Harry Wells died in 1918. Ada died in Christchurch on 22 March 1933 and was buried at the Waimairi Cemetery.[5]
The Ministry for Culture and Heritage now offers an Ada Wells Memorial Prize for Undergraduate Students.[9]
Activism
[edit]As a member of the National Peace Council, Ada spoke out strongly against conscription and war,[10][1] and helped World War I conscientious objectors.
Wells advocated a meatless diet and was a vegetarianism activist.[11] At the 1897 conference of the National Council of Women, Wells promoted an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet.[11] She authored magazine articles supportive of naturopathy and vegetarianism.[11] Wells was an anti-vaccinationist and opposed vivisection.[11]
She also campaigned for the corollary to women's suffrage, women's right to stand for Parliament. This was granted in 1919, though no woman was elected until 1933. A member of the Labour Party, Ada was, between 1917 and 1919, the first woman member of the Christchurch City Council.[12][13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
- ^ a b "All about Ada – Ada Wells, the first female elected to Christchurch City Council". Christchurch City Libraries. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ^ a b c Fogarty, Philippa. "Wells, Ada – Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
- ^ "Choral Societies". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand (1966). Te Ara. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ "Rich man, poor man, environmentalist, thief". Christchurch Public Libraries. CCC. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ a b "Ada Wells" Archived 13 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, NZ History Online
- ^ 'New Zealand women and the vote', URL: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/womens-suffrage Archived 3 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 17 July 2014.
- ^ New Zealand Electoral Act
- ^ "Ada Wells: Christchurch City Council 1917–1919". Christchurch City Libraries. CCC. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ Ministry for Culture and Heritage. "Ada Wells Memorial Prize". Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ "Ada Wells: First woman councillor outspoken in the peace cause". Voices Against War. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d Amey, Catherine. (2014). The Compassionate Contrarians: A History of Vegetarians in Aotearoa New Zealand. Rebel Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-473-27440-5
- ^ Grimshaw, Patricia Ann. "Wells, Ada". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ^ Ministry for Culture and Heritage (11 April 2011). "Ada Wells". Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- 1863 births
- 1933 deaths
- New Zealand anti-vivisectionists
- Burials at Waimairi Cemetery
- Christchurch City Councillors
- English emigrants to New Zealand
- People educated at Christchurch West High School
- New Zealand anti-vaccination activists
- New Zealand Labour Party politicians
- New Zealand suffragists
- New Zealand vegetarianism activists
- People from Christchurch
- University of Canterbury alumni