Achinsk
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Achinsk
Ачинск | |
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 Achinsk railway station on Trans-Siberian railway | |
.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Achinsk  | |
  Achinsk Location of Achinsk  Achinsk Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | |
| Coordinates: 56°16′54″N 90°30′14″E / 56.28167°N 90.50389°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Krasnoyarsk Krai[1] |
| Founded | July 25,[citation needed] 1641[2] |
| City status since | 1782 |
| Area | |
• Total | 103 km2 (40 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 220 m (720 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 109,155 |
| • Rank | 148th in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,060/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | krai city of Achinsk[1] |
| • Capital of | krai city of Achinsk,[1] Achinsky District[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Achinsk Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Achinsk Urban Okrug,[4] Achinsky Municipal District[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (MSK+4  [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 662150-662189 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 39151 |
| OKTMO ID | 04703000001 |
| Website | www |
Achinsk (Russian: А́чинск) is a city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Chulym River near its intersection with the Trans-Siberian Railway, 184 kilometers (114 mi) west of Krasnoyarsk. It has a population of 109,155 as of the 2010 Census.[3]
History
[edit]Achinsk is one of the oldest known inhabited places in the area. Paleontological study has shown that people lived here as early as 28,000–20,000 BCE. Some of these ancient caves are located 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) east of the city.
The modern city, however, was founded on July 25,[citation needed] 1641[2] as an ostrog on the Bely Iyus River. After the fire of 1683, it was moved to the Chulym River (a tributary of the Ob); hence, the official foundation date of the city is considered to be July 25, 1683. The name of the location derives from the Turkic tribal group Achi or Achigi. The first fort in 1683 was built with high square stockade walls. In the corners were placed watch towers. Initially the garrison had fifteen Cossacks patrolling it. In 1710, a new wooden fort on the right bank of the Achinki River was created, at its confluence with the Chulym.
In 1782, it was granted status of an uyezd town.[citation needed] In the late 19th century, the town became linked on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
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Since 1990, Achinsk has been included in the official list of cities in Russia with historical and cultural value of nationwide significance.
In August 2019 a massive explosion in a military base (Russian: 60-й Инженерно-Сапёрный Берлинский Краснознамённый полк, в/ч 12202) occurred some 20 km south of the town, next to the village of Kamenka.[8]
Administrative and municipal status
[edit]Within the framework of administrative divisions, Achinsk serves as the administrative center of Achinsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with one urban-type settlement (Mazulsky), incorporated separately as the krai city of Achinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the krai city of Achinsk is incorporated as Achinsk Urban Okrug.[4]
Demographics
[edit]Achinsk grew rapidly in the 20th century: from a population of 32,000 in 1939, to 85,000 in 1969, to 121,572 in the 1989 Census.[9] The population declined slightly in the early 21st century: 118,744 (2002 Census)[10] and 109,155 (2010 Census).[3]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 7,026 | — |
| 1926 | 18,000 | +156.2% |
| 1939 | 32,484 | +80.5% |
| 1959 | 50,323 | +54.9% |
| 1970 | 97,001 | +92.8% |
| 1979 | 116,854 | +20.5% |
| 1989 | 121,572 | +4.0% |
| 2002 | 118,744 | −2.3% |
| 2010 | 109,155 | −8.1% |
| 2021 | 100,621 | −7.8% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Economy
[edit]The economy of Achinsk is based around heavy industry and contains a refinery and also produces construction materials, including wood, asphalt, cement. Mechanical, wax, brick and electrical plants are also present. It is also involved with the food industry and contains dairy factories and a meat processing plant as well as footwear and furniture factories.
The largest enterprise of the city, the Achinsk Alumina Plant, belongs to the "Rusal" group. In addition, the city operates a cement plant which produces about two million tons of cement per year.
Transportation
[edit]The city operates buses, trams, and taxis, and is served by the Achinsk Airport.
Culture and education
[edit]As of 2006, Achinsk has eleven health facilities and over twenty schools. Notable landmarks include the Achinsk Drama Theater, Achinsk National History Museum, Achinsk Museum and Exhibition Center, and the Kazan Cathedral (1832).
The print media are represented by the municipal authority "Achinskaya Gazeta", the regional publication "Prichulymsky Vestnik", as well as local private publications: "Novaya Prichulymka" and "Gorod" A ". The newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" is published. There are three local TV channels in Achinsk: Achinsk Television (ATV), Novy Vek and OSA.
Climate
[edit]Achinsk has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) bordering closely on a subarctic climate (Dfc), just like its neighbouring cities in southern Krasnoyarsk Krai. Winter is moderately cold, just like Western Siberia, however extreme temperatures below -50 °C have been recorded. Summers are warm and damp, much wetter than winters.
| Climate data for Achinsk (1991-2020, extremes 1900–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
37.2 (99.0) |
34.1 (93.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
37.2 (99.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.7 (10.9) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.9 (71.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
6.8 (44.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.3 (4.5) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
3.1 (37.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.3 (−0.9) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −59.9 (−75.8) |
−45.4 (−49.7) |
−42.1 (−43.8) |
−27.9 (−18.2) |
−19.2 (−2.6) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−34.1 (−29.4) |
−45.8 (−50.4) |
−48.3 (−54.9) |
−59.9 (−75.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17 (0.7) |
14 (0.6) |
16 (0.6) |
25 (1.0) |
42 (1.7) |
64 (2.5) |
59 (2.3) |
70 (2.8) |
52 (2.0) |
40 (1.6) |
34 (1.3) |
29 (1.1) |
462 (18.2) |
| Average precipitation days | 16.0 | 12.7 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 13.1 | 15.1 | 14.5 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 17.6 | 175.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 60 | 104 | 168 | 204 | 241 | 285 | 301 | 239 | 155 | 89 | 53 | 40 | 1,939 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: climatebase.ru (precipitation days, sun 1900-2012)[12] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Law #10-4765
- ^ a b Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 31. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #13-3125
- ^ Law #13-3134
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ "Взрывы на территории воинской части в Красноярском крае. Главное".
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ "Климат Ачинска - Погода и климат".
- ^ "Achinsk, Russia". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
Sources
[edit]- Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №10-4765 от 10 июня 2010 г. «О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №7-3007 от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об изменении административно-территориального устройства Большеулуйского района и о внесении изменений в Закон края "О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края"». Вступил в силу 1 июля 2010 г. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №33(404), 5 июля 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #10-4765 of June 10, 2010 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #7-3007 of December 16, 2014 On Changing the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Bolsheuluysky District and on Amending the Krai Law "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai". Effective as of July 1, 2010.).
- Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №13-3125 от 25 февраля 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Ачинск статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №5-1826 от 21 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Законы края об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципальных образований Красноярского края». Вступил в силу 17 апреля 2005 г. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №11, 20 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #13-3125 of February 25, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Achinsk, as amended by the Law #5-1826 of November 21, 2013 On Amending the Krai Laws on Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formations of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Effective as of April 17, 2005.).
- Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №13-3134 от 25 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Ачинский район и находящихся в его границах иных муниципальных образований», в ред. Закона №10-4575 от 29 апреля 2010 г «О внесении изменений в Закон края "Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Ачинский район и находящихся в его границах иных муниципальных образований"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №11, 20 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #13-3134 of February 25, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Achinsky District and to Other Municipal Formations Within Its Borders, as amended by the Law #10-4575 of April 29, 2010 On Amending the Krai Law "On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Achinsky District and to Other Municipal Formations Within Its Borders". Effective as of ten days after the official publication.).
External links
[edit]- Official website of Achinsk (in Russian)
- Directory of organizations in Achinsk (in Russian)
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