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72nd Street station (New York Central Railroad)

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Coordinates: 40°46′16″N 73°57′50″W / 40.771125°N 73.963825°W / 40.771125; -73.963825
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72nd Street
This picture was taken from the southwestern corner of Park Avenue and 72nd Street. The emergency exit–the former staircase leading to the southbound platform–is open to allow workers to do lighting work in the tunnel.
General information
LocationPark Avenue and 72nd Street
Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York
Coordinates40°46′16″N 73°57′50″W / 40.771125°N 73.963825°W / 40.771125; -73.963825
Line(s)Park Avenue Tunnel (Hudson Line)
Platforms2 side
Tracks4
Former services
Preceding station New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Following station
86th Street
toward Chatham
 Harlem Division New York
Terminus

The 72nd Street station is an abandoned station located in the Park Avenue Tunnel used by Metro-North Railroad. The station has two side platforms and is located in between 72nd Street and 73rd Street underneath Park Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.[1] The station was built by the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad as part of an agreement with New York City.

History

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Construction

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The New York State Legislature passed legislation in 1872, requiring that 4+1⁄4 miles (7 km) of New York and Harlem Railroad tracks between Grand Central and the Harlem River be placed underground. The confluence of tracks to the north of Grand Central was considered to be the city's "most fearful death-trap" by The New York Times in 1872, and large meetings were held to protest the deaths caused by collisions between trains and pedestrians. The law set up a Board of Engineers to manage the project, which was known as the Fourth Avenue Improvement.[2]: 6  The law stated that the authorization for two additional tracks was given "for the purpose of facilitating rapid transit and accommodating local traffic": these tracks were built on the same level, and as part of the project, four local stations were built.[3]: 73 

The project's cost was split between the New York Central, run by Commodore Vanderbilt, and New York City, whose payment of $3.2 million was to be made up from increased taxes from future development.[4][5][6] The line was sunk into a tunnel between 59th Street and 96th Street through Mount Pleasant, known as the Yorkville Tunnel.[7] The preexisting track level in this section was maintained as the streets crossed over the line via iron bridges.[8] The contract for the section between 79th Street and the Harlem River was awarded to them on November 11.[9][4] Work on the project began in fall 1872.[4] In December 1872, shafts were sunk at 91st and 93rd Streets and two tunnels were being built alongside the old tunnel. The tunnels were to be completed in September 1873.[8]

On May 3, 1875, the first section of the improvement between 56th Street and 94th Street was placed in full revenue service, running through the cut south of the Yorkville Tunnel. On June 20, the entire improvement opened, and the first trains from Grand Central to the Harlem River were witnessed by large crowds of spectators.[10][11] That morning, new rails and ties were installed between 96th Street and 33rd Streets, and the old track and trestle were demolished. The first train, the St. Louis Express, due at 12:30 p.m., arrived late at 1:50 p.m. due to the work. Masonry work continued to be done to lengthen the tunnel at Yorkville down to 80th Street, arching over the tracks. The tracks were not yet ballasted, forcing trains to run slowly.[12]

The side tracks to be used for local rapid transit trains were not yet laid, and the passenger stations at 59th Street, 72nd Street, 86th Street, 110th Street and 125th Street were not yet built.[13] At this time, local rapid transit trains were expected to begin operation by September 1875 and were to serve stations yet under construction.[14] The rolling stock for the local trains were to be much lighter than those used on the through trains.[11]

On May 15, 1876, partial rapid transit began on the Harlem Line, with sixteen trains a day running between Grand Central Depot and William's Bridge. These trains made all stops between Grand Central and William's Bridge, with the exception of Jerome Park, which was skipped by half of trains. This was in addition to eight regular trains per day that stopped at William's Bridge. Two new stations were opened at 86th Street and 110th Street, both being exclusively served by the rapid transit service.[15][16] However, much to the dissatisfaction of local residents, the 59th Street and 72nd Street stations did not open. With horse cars running on Second Avenue, Third Avenue, and Fourth Avenue, local residents around the 72nd Street station were not willing to go all the way to the 86th Street station.[17] Loud daily complaints were made to William Vanderbilt, urging him to equip these two stations on the line, which was paid in half by the city's taxpayers. A newspaper supposed that the station could be fitted for less than $500 (equivalent to $14,000 in 2023).[18] These stations were all closed by 1906 by approval of the Railroad Commission.[3]: 73 

Opening

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The station was built during the late 19th century, and it is unclear if any regular trains actually stopped here. Currently, the station is used as an emergency exit for Metro-North Railroad in the Park Avenue Tunnel. The staircases are intact and can be accessed from Park Avenue.[19]: 10, 72 

According to an 1895 timetable, two trains stopped at 72nd Street daily to serve students attending what is now Hunter College.[20][21][22] On April 29, 1901, the New York Central was granted permission to abandon the station and the 86th Street station by the New York State Railroad Commissioners due to its low ridership.[23] The Central had applied for permission to discontinue the two stations as they were operated at a loss, and as it was purported that having trains stop in the tunnel was a threat to public safety.[24]

References

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  1. ^ "Track Map for the New York & Harlem Railroad Operated by the New York Central Railroad Company" (PDF). archives.gov. Interstate Commerce Commission. Bureau of Valuation, Engineering Section. June 30, 1917. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  2. ^ "Park Avenue Historic District Designation Report" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. April 29, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  3. ^ a b Reports of Decisions of the Public Service Commission, First District, of the State of New York Volume VIII January 1, 1917 to December 31, 1917. New York State Public Service Commission. 1918.
  4. ^ a b c "The Fourth-Ave. Improvement. Vigorous Prosecution of the Work". New-York Tribune. May 24, 1873. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  5. ^ "Railroad Engineering In Harlem.; Progress of the Work of Elevating the Central's Tracks in Park Avenue" (PDF). The New York Times. August 23, 1894. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  6. ^ Roberts, Sam (January 22, 2013). Grand Central: How a Train Station Transformed America. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 9781455525959.
  7. ^ Eldredge, Niles and Horenstein, Sidney (2014). Concrete Jungle: New York City and Our Last Best Hope for a Sustainable Future. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-520-27015-2.
  8. ^ a b "Fourth Avenue Improvements. The Work and When it Will Be Finished–Two New Tunnels Through the Rock in Yorkville". New York Daily Herald. January 5, 1873. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  9. ^ "Rapid Transit and Fourth-avenue Improvement". The New York Times. October 30, 1872. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  10. ^ Baer, Christopher T. (February 2006). "PRR Chronology: A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company Predecessors and Successors And Its HistoricalContext 1875 February 2006 Edition" (PDF). prrths.com. The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  11. ^ a b "Local Rapid Transit in the Metropolis–Opening of Through Travel on New York's New Underground Railway–Local Travel to Begin in September–Cost of the Work–Description of the Road from Official Sources–Grade–Bridges–Tunnels–The Viaduct". The Pittsburgh Daily Commercial. July 17, 1875. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  12. ^ "The Sunken Tracks to Harlem. Trains Running Over The Entire Fourth Avenue Improvement–Increased Facilities of Travel To Be Provided". New-York Tribune. June 22, 1875. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  13. ^ "The Fourth Avenue Improvement". The New York Times. June 21, 1875. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  14. ^ "The Vanderbilt Tunnel: Starting the Trains for the First Trip". The Buffalo Commercial. June 22, 1875. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  15. ^ "Partial Rapid Transit,: From The Grand Central Depot. Arrangements For Quick Trains On The Harlem Road Trains To Run Next Monday Fares, Time, Rates of Commutation" (PDF). The New York Times. May 12, 1876. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  16. ^ "Rapid Transit To And From Harlem" (PDF). The New York Times. April 13, 1876. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  17. ^ "The Underground Vanderbilt Road". The New York Sun. May 14, 1876. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  18. ^ "Mr. Campbell's Rapid Transit Plan". The New York Times. April 29, 1877. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 31, 2018 – via newspapers.com. Open access icon
  19. ^ "Electric Division New York Terminal District Time-Table No. 54A For Employees Only" (PDF). canadasouthern.com. New York Central Railroad. December 14, 1941.
  20. ^ Brennan, Joseph (2002). "86 St (Park Ave)". Columbia University.
  21. ^ Brennan, Joseph. ""THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY, NEW YORK CITY" 1875". Columbia University. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
  22. ^ Gray, Christopher (September 10, 2009). "When Vanderbilt Did Not Get His Way". The New York Times.
  23. ^ "Railroad Projects Heard: Harlem Road to Abandon Seventy-second and Eighty-sixth Street Stations". The New York Sun. April 30, 1901. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  24. ^ "Opposition to New Railroad to Rockaway". The Brooklyn Standard Union. April 29, 1901. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
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