72nd Indiana Infantry Regiment

72nd Indiana Infantry Regiment 72nd Indiana Mounted Infantry Regiment
US Flag 1863-1865
Active	August 16, 1862 – June 26, 1865
Country	United States
Allegiance	Union
Branch	Infantry Mounted Infantry (1863–1864)
Equipment	Spencer repeating rifle
Engagements	Tullahoma Campaign Battle of Chickamauga Atlanta Campaign Battle of Resaca Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
Insignia
1st Division, XIV Corps
4th Division, XIV Corps

The 72nd Indiana Infantry Regiment, also known as 72nd Indiana Mounted Infantry Regiment, was an infantry and mounted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment served as mounted infantry from March 17, 1863, to November 1, 1864, notably as part of the Lightning Brigade (also sometimes, "The Hatchet Brigade"). during the Tullahoma and Chickamauga Campaigns.

Initial infantry service

The 72nd Indiana Infantry was organized at Lafayette, Indiana, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment at Indianapolis, Indiana, on August 16, 1862, under the command of Colonel Abram O. Miller.

Conversion to mounted infantry

In December 1862, the regiment received a new brigade commander, Colonel John T. Wilder. After frustrating chases on foot after mounted rebel cavalry raiders, the brigade was converted to mounted infantry. At the same time, Wilder proposed to the regiments in the brigade the private purchase of repeating rifles. The 72nd voted to go ahead with the conversion to mounted infantry and the purchase of the rifles. Along with the other regiments in the brigade, the 72nd chose Spencer repeating rifles, invented by Christopher Spencer, as their weapon.

As part of the "Wilder Lightning Brigade", the 72nd was among the first units fighting in the Civil War to receive the Spencer repeating rifle.

After intense training and development of new tactics, the "Lightning Brigade" was ready for service. The mounted infantry proof of concept for the Army of the Cumberland occurred in their first mounted infantry action at the Battle of Hoover's Gap. Despite torrential rains, the 72nd and its brigade gained the gap so quickly that they surprised and scattered surprised the Confederate 1st (3rd) Kentucky Cavalry Regiment, under Colonel J. Russell Butler at breakfast in front of the entrance of the gap. The 72nd drove the enemy before it along the seven mile length of the gap until they were halted by four brigades of infantry and four batteries of guns at the southeastern exit. The massive superiority of firepower the 17th and its brethren had with the Spencers allowed them to entrench and hold the southern entrance against numerous assaults by numerically superior rebel infantry and artillery through the rainy day until the sodden remainder of the XIV Corps slogged to join them at their position.

With the Lightning Brigade, the 72nd found itself detached from the XIV Corps to serve as a mobile reserve for all three of the Corps within the Cumberland. After playing a key role in the feint that forced Bragg from Chattanooga, the regiment raided, skirmished, and scouted through the summer into the Chickamauga Campaign. The brigade distinguished itself with its performance at Chickamauga. During the battle, it maintained integrity and discipline exacting high casualties on its attackers. After the battle, it retreated with the army to Chattanooga where it was besieged.

The performance of the brigade had demonstrated the value of mounted infantry, and Wilder and the regiments were commended. During the reorganization after Grant took command in the city, the brigade was broken up and the regiments were transferred to the Cavalry Corps. The 72nd and the 123rd Illinois were assigned to 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Division of the Cavalry Corps.

Dismounting

In positions at Terrapin Creek in Cherokee County, northern Alabama, the 72nd was dismounted on 1 November. They became a regular infantry regiment armed with Spencers. For the remainder of the war, they operated in the regular infantry role.

Service history

Its assignments were as follows:

• 40th Brigade, 12th Division, Army of the Ohio, to November 1862.
• 2nd Brigade, 5th Division, Center, XIV Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1863.
• 2nd Brigade, 5th Division, XIV Corps, to June 1863.
• 1st Brigade, 4th Division, XIV Corps, to October 1863.*
• Wilder's Mounted Infantry Brigade, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to December 1863.
• 3rd Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland, to January 1864.
• 3rd Brigade, Grierson's Cavalry Division, XVI Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to March 1864.
• 3rd Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1864.
• 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Wilson's Cavalry Corps, Military Division Mississippi, to June 1865.

The 72nd Indiana Infantry mustered out of service at Nashville, on June 26, 1865.

The 72nd served at the following locations:

• Left Indiana for Lebanon, Kentucky, August 17.
• Duty at Lebanon Junction, Kentucky, September 6–22, 1862.
• Moved to Louisville, Kentucky, September 22
• To Elizabethtown and West Point, Kentucky, September 30 – October 5.
• Pursuit of Bragg and operations against Morgan October 6–20
• March to Bowling Green, Kentucky, October 26 – November 3
• To Scottsboro, Tennessee, November 10.
• To Gallatin, Tennessee, November 26
• To Castalian Springs, Tennessee, November 28.
• To Bledsoe Creek December 14.
• Operations against Morgan (December 22, 1862 – January 2, 1863).
• Moved to Cave City, Kentucky, then to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, January 2–8, and duty there until June during which it converted to mounted infantry.
  • Scout to Woodbury, Tennessee, March 3–8.
  • Regiment mounted March 17.
  • Expedition to Carthage, Tennessee, Lebanon, Tennessee, and Liberty, Kentucky, April 1–8.
  • Expedition to McMinnville, Tennessee, April 20–30. Occupation of McMinnville April 22.
  • Woodbury, Tennessee, May 24.
  • Liberty, Kentucky, June 4.
• Participated in the Tullahoma Campaign (June 23 – July 7):
  • Bay Spring Branch, June 24.
  • Battle of Hoover's Gap June 24–26.
  • Occupation of Manchester, Georgia, June 27.
  • Raid on Bragg's communications June 28–30.
  • Decherd, Tennessee, June 29.
  • Raid to Lynchburg, Tennessee July 16–17.
  • At Decherd, Tennessee,, July 27 – August 16.
• Passage of the Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga Campaign (August 16 – September 22):
  • Sequatchie River, August 19.
  • Wild Cat Trace August 20.
  • Friar's Island, Tennessee August 25 – September 9.
  • Capture of Chattanooga, Tennessee, September 9.
• Chickamauga Campaign (September 10–20):
  • Ringgold, Georgia, September 10
  • Lee and Gordon's Mills, Georgia, September 10–11.
  • Ringgold, Georgia, September 11.
  • Leet's Tan Yard September 12–13.
  • Pea Vine Bridge and Alexander's Bridge September 17.
  • Reed's Bridge and Dyer's Bridge September 18.
  • Battle of Chickamauga September 19–21.
• Chattanooga campaign (September 21 – November 25):
  • Operations against Wheeler and Roddy September 29 – October 17.
  • Thompson's Cove, Cumberland Mountains, October 3.
  • Murfreesboro Road, near McMinnville, Tennessee, and McMinnville October 4.
  • Sims' Farm, near Shelbyville, Tennessee, and Farmington October 7.
  • Shelbyville Pike October 7.
  • Expedition from Maryville, Tennessee, to Whitesburg, Tennessee, and Decatur, Tennessee, November 14–17.
• Moved from Pulaski, Tennessee, to Collierville, Tennessee, December 31, 1862 to January 14, 1864
• Shoal Creek, Alabama, January 24 (detachment).
• Florence, Alabama, January 24.
• Athens, Tennessee, January 25 (detachment).
• Smith's Expedition from Collierville, Tennessee to Okolona, MS. (February 10–26).
  • Raiford's Plantation near Byhalia, Mississippi February 10.
  • Ivey's Hill near Okolona, MS February 22.
• Moved to Mooresville, Alabama March 5–26
• To Columbia, Tennessee April 3–8.
• March to Lafayette, Georgia, April 30 – May 9.
• Atlanta Campaign (May–September 1864):
  • Battle of Resaca May 14–15.
  • Near Dallas, Georgia May 24.
  • About Dallas May 25 – June 5.
  • Big Shanty, Georgia, June 9.
  • Operations about Marietta, Georgia and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10 – July 2.
  • Noonday Creek and Powder Springs, Georgia, June 19–20.
  • Assault on Kennesaw, Georgia, June 27.
  • On line of Nickajack Creek July 2–5.
  • Rottenwood Creek June 4.
  • Chattahoochee River July 5–17.
  • Garrard's Raid to Covington, Georgia, July 22–24.
  • Garrard's Raid to South River July 27–31.
  • Flat Rock July 28.
  • Siege of Atlanta August 1–25.
  • Operations at Chattahoochee River Bridge August 26 – September 2.
• Operations in northern Georgia and northern Alabama against Hood (September 29 – November 3)
  • Skirmishes near Lost Mountain October 4–7.
  • New Hope Church October 5.
  • Dallas, Georgia, October 7.
  • Near Rome, Georgia, October 10–11.
  • Narrows, Georgia, October 11.
  • Coosaville Road near Rome, Georgia, October 12–13.
  • Near Summerville, Georgia, October 18.
  • Blue Pond and Little River, Alabama, October 21.
  • King's Hill October 23.
  • Ladiga, Terrapin Creek, October 28.
• Dismounted November 1
• Ordered to Nashville, Tennessee, thence to Louisville, Kentucky, and duty there until December 28
• March to Nashville, Tennessee, December 28, 1864 – January 8, 1865,
• Thence to Gravelly Springs, Alabama, and duty there until March 1865.
• Wilson's Raid from Chickasaw, Alabama, to Macon, Georgia, (March 22 – April 24)
  • Plantersville, Alabama, and near Randolph, Alabama April 1.
  • Selma, Alabama April 2
  • Montgomery, Alabama April 12
  • Columbia, Alabama April 16
  • Capture of Macon, Georgia, April 20
• Pursuit of Jefferson Davis May 6–10
• Moved to Nashville, May 23 – June 15

Casualties

The regiment lost a total of 160 men during service; 2 officers and 26 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 130 enlisted men died of disease.

Commanders

• Colonel Abram O. Miller
• Major Henry M. Cart – commanded at the battle of Stones River

Notable members

• Sergeant James A. Mount, Company D – 24th governor of Indiana, 1897–1901

References

Sources

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• Connolly, James A (1959). Paul M. Angle (ed.). Three Years in the Army of the Cumberland: The Letters and Diary of Major James A. Connolly. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. hdl:2027/pst.000024464338. ISBN 9780527190002. OCLC 906602437.
• Connolly, James A (1863). "Primary Sources: The Road to Chickamauga". Washington, DC: American Battlefield Trust.
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• McGee, Benjamin F. (1882). Jewell, William Ray (ed.). History of the 72d Indiana Volunteer Infantry of the Mounted Lightning Brigade (PDF) (1st ed.). LaFayette, IN: S. Vater & Co. p. 698. OCLC 35653923. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
• McWhiney, Grady (1991). Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume I. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. hdl:2027/pst.000019424187. ISBN 9780817391850. OCLC 1013878393.
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• Williams, Samuel Cole (1936). General John T. Wilder, Commander of the Lightning Brigade (PDF) (2nd ed.). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 105. OCLC 903240789. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
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• "History of Wilder's Brigade". www.oocities.org/wildersbrigade. Wilder's Brigade Mounted Infantry Living History Society. April 30, 2020.

See also

• List of Indiana Civil War regiments
• Indiana in the American Civil War