3,3-Dimethylpentane

3,3-Dimethylpentane
	; Skeletal structure of 3,3-dimethylpentane
	; Ball-and-Stick model of 3,3-dimethylpentane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 3,3-Dimethylpentane
Identifiers
CAS Number	562-49-2;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3188231;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.392
EC Number	209-230-8;
PubChem CID	11229;
UNII	R1RH0VBD2L;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0049319 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C7H16/c1-5-7(3,4)6-2/h5-6H2,1-4H3 Key: AEXMKKGTQYQZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES CCC(C)(C)CC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C7H16
Molar mass	100.205 g·mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H225, H304, H315, H336, H410
Precautionary statements	P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P321, P331, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

3,3-Dimethylpentane is one of the isomers of heptane. 3,3-Dimethylpentane has a boiling point of 86.0 °C and melting point of −134.9 °C. Its density is 0.6934. The refractive index is 1.39092 at 20 °C.^[1]

Preparation

A method to produce 3,3-dimethylpentane is to react tert-amyl chloride (CH₃CH₂(CH₃)C₂Cl) with propionaldehyde producing 3,3-dimethylpentan-2-ol. This is then dehydrated to produce 3,3-dimethylpent-2-ene, which when hydrogenated produces some 3,3-dimethylpentane, but also 2,3-dimethylpentane.^[2]

Properties

In 1929 Graham Edgar and George Calingaert made 3,3-dimethylpentane and measured its physical characteristics for the first time. The measurements were at 20 °C, not the standard conditions used in later times.^[3]

For 3,3-dimethylpentane they measured a density of 0.6934 at 20 °C with a rate of change Δd/ΔT of 0.000848. The dielectric constant is 1.940. The refractive index at 20° is 1.39114. The adiabatic compressibility is 0.00011455 and isothermal compressibility is 0.00014513 atmospheres. The velocity of sound is 1.1295 km/s. Coefficient of thermal expansion is 0.002467/°. Surface tension is 19.63 dynes/cm. Viscosity is 0.00454. The heat of combustion is 11470 cal/g which is very similar to other heptanes.^[3]

References

^ Ferris, S. W. (2018). Handbook of Hydrocarbons. Elsevier. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4832-7285-6.
^ Edgar, Graham; Calingaert, George; Marker, R. E. (May 1929). "The Preparation And Properties Of The Isomeric Heptanes. Part I. Preparation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (5): 1483–1491. doi:10.1021/ja01380a027.
^ ^a ^b Edgar, Graham; Calingaert, George (May 1929). "The Preparation And Properties Of The Isomeric Heptanes. Part II. Physical Properties". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (5): 1540–1550. doi:10.1021/ja01380a035.

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[1] Ferris, S. W. (2018). Handbook of Hydrocarbons. Elsevier. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4832-7285-6.

[2] Edgar, Graham; Calingaert, George; Marker, R. E. (May 1929). "The Preparation And Properties Of The Isomeric Heptanes. Part I. Preparation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (5): 1483–1491. doi:10.1021/ja01380a027.

[ed-3] Edgar, Graham; Calingaert, George (May 1929). "The Preparation And Properties Of The Isomeric Heptanes. Part II. Physical Properties". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (5): 1540–1550. doi:10.1021/ja01380a035.

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