Jump to content

200 Madison Avenue

Add links
Coordinates: 40°44′56″N 73°58′58″W / 40.74889°N 73.98278°W / 40.74889; -73.98278
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

200 Madison Avenue
Seen from the south
Map
Alternative namesTower Building, Astor Estate Building, Marshall Field Estate Building, International Combustion Engineering Tower
General information
LocationManhattan, New York
Coordinates40°44′56″N 73°58′58″W / 40.74889°N 73.98278°W / 40.74889; -73.98278
Construction started1925
Completed1926
Height
Roof385 ft (117 m)
Technical details
Floor count25
Design and construction
Architect(s)Warren and Wetmore
Main contractorFlintlock Company
DesignatedNovember 9, 2021[1]
Reference no.2654[1]
Designated entityInterior: arcade, elevator lobby

200 Madison Avenue (also known as the Marshall Field Building, Astor Estate Building, International Combustion Building, and Tower Building) is a 25-story office building in the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It is along the west side of Madison Avenue between 35th and 36th Streets. Designed by Warren and Wetmore, it was built from 1925 to 1926.

200 Madison Avenue's facade is largely made of red brick with limestone trim, as well as window spandrels made of terracotta and cast iron. The ground story is made of limestone and contains entrances from Madison Avenue, 35th Street, and 36th Street. The building contains a setback above its ninth story. The T-shaped lobby is designed in a neo-Renaissance style, with a north–south arcade connecting 35th and 36th Streets, as well as an elevator lobby extending toward Madison Avenue. The lobby's ornate interior contains gilded decorations and various animal motifs. Due to zoning restrictions on the eastern part of the site, the lower stories originally served as an apartment hotel, while the smaller upper stories contained offices.

Since the 1910s, the Astor family had wanted to develop a commercial building on the site, but the plans were delayed for a decade due to opposition from J. P. Morgan Jr. and other local residents. 200 Madison Avenue was developed by a syndicate that included Texas entrepreneur Jesse H. Jones. The building was originally known for its largest tenants, Marshall Field and Company and International Combustion. The apartment hotel initially occupied the second through ninth floors, but it was unprofitable, closed in 1939, and was turned into office space, with tenants such as Amtorg Trading Corporation. The building was sold several times in the 20th century, including to a group representing Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos during the 1980s. George V. Comfort and the Loeb Realty and Development Corporation acquired 200 Madison Avenue in the 1990s, and the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building's lobby as an official landmark in 2021.

Site

[edit]

200 Madison Avenue occupies the eastern half of a city block in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City, bounded by 35th Street on the south, Madison Avenue on the east, and 36th Street on the north; the city block extends westward to Fifth Avenue.[2] The building's land lot has a total area of 40,981 sq ft (3,807.3 m2); it measures 197.5 ft (60.2 m) from north to south and 220 ft (67 m) from west to east.[3] The building occupies nearly its entire lot, with a frontage of 194 ft (59 m) on Madison Avenue, 196 ft (60 m) on 35th Street, and 220 feet on 36th Street.[4]

200 Madison Avenue is close to the B. Altman and Company Building to the south, the Collectors Club of New York to the southeast, the Church of the Incarnation to the east, and the Morgan Library & Museum. In addition, the Gorham Building at 390 Fifth Avenue, the Tiffany and Company Building at 401 Fifth Avenue, and the Stewart & Company Building at 404 Fifth Avenue are each less than a block away to the west.[2][5]

Architecture

[edit]

The building was designed by Warren and Wetmore.[6][7] It is 25 stories tall, measuring 374 ft (114 m) to its roof and 385 ft (117 m) to its pinnacle.[7]

Form and facade

[edit]

The exterior of the building contains a granite water table. Above that, the first story is clad with limestone.[4] On both 35th and 36th Streets, the entrances are within recessed openings and contain five brass doors each. The 35th Street entrance is also topped by a transom window.[8] The lowest nine stories occupy the entire site.[6]

The upper stories contain a facade of red brick with limestone trim. The Madison Avenue elevation of the facade is made almost entirely of brick, except at several places where there is limestone trim. On the 35th and 36th Street elevations, only the outermost bays of windows are made of brick. The remaining bays are separated horizontally by brick piers; within each bay, the windows on different floors are separated horizontally by black spandrels. The spandrels on the second and third stories are made of ornamental ironwork, splitting each bay into multi-part windows. The spandrels on higher stories are made of dull black terracotta and divide each bay into three windows.[4] Robert A. M. Stern and the co-authors of his book New York 1930 wrote that the facades "hardly resulted in the 'Masterpiece of Modern Architecture' claimed by the Real Estate Record and Guide, but they responded sensitively to the residential scale and character of the Murray Hill district".[6]

There is a setback on the eastern elevation above the ninth story, measuring 45 ft (14 m) deep. Behind this setback, the building tapers into a narrower tower.[9][10] This is because the eastern portion of the site was formerly zoned to allow only residential use, while the western portion could also accommodate commercial use. The offices were above the ninth story which occupied only the western part of the site.[11] The lowest nine stories (which occupied the whole site) were originally an apartment hotel.[11][12] The northern and southern elevations contain a setback above the eleventh or twelfth story.[13][14] The restriction on the Madison Avenue portion of the site expired in 1940.[15][16]

Interior

[edit]

Originally, the building had 600,000 sq ft (56,000 m2) of rentable space, making it the sixth-largest office building in the United States.[4][6][17] At the extreme end of the 36th Street frontage is a pair of driveways, connecting to a loading dock with two freight elevators.[4] An interior loading dock was uncommon in structures built around the same time.[18]

Lobby

[edit]
Main arcade, looking toward 36th Street

The lobby is designed in a neo-Renaissance style,[19][20] but it also contains details of Baroque and 18th-century English architecture.[8] The main entrances are from 35th and 36th Streets, connected by a broad north–south arcade. At the center, a transverse corridor connects to the elevator lobby, which has ten elevators.[21] This gives the lobby a roughly T-shaped plan. Because of the topography of the area, the 36th Street entrance is higher than the 35th Street entrance. As a result, the north–south arcade is one story high at its north end and two stories high at its south end; the corridor has three sets of three marble steps.[8] Originally, the Madison Avenue entrance led to a separate lobby for the hotel rooms, but it was connected to the elevator lobby when the hotel closed.[20]

There are foyers just inside the 35th and 36th Street entrances. Both contain marble walls, a set of five doors to the arcade, and a black marble arch. The side walls of the 36th Street foyer contain brass-framed grilles, with a door on the western wall. The 36th Street foyer's marble arch is directly above the doors there, which are topped by two grilles and three gold panels. The side walls of the 35th Street foyer are trimmed with floral decorations, and the ceiling has neoclassical reliefs. There are transom windows above the doors in the 35th Street foyer. Just north of these doors, the foyer has a saucer-domed ceiling decorated with rosettes, followed by that foyer's marble arch. Below the saucer dome, the corners have decorative pendentives, while the side walls have lunette panels depicting animals.[8] These include motifs of dodos, peacocks, and dragons.[22]

The main arcade contains a patterned terrazzo floor, made of yellow and pink tiles.[21] The tiles are rhombus-shaped and are laid in a chevron pattern.[22] The main section of the floor is surrounded by a patterned marble border made of dark yellow Siena, pink Verona, and Bois Jourdan marble. The outermost section of the floor is made of blue marble.[4] The side walls are also made of pink marble above a black baseboard. Each wall is separated at regular intervals by yellow-marble pilasters.[21] The capitals of each pilaster contain moldings of lion heads, which support round arches on the ceiling. Between these lions' heads are medallions that symbolize horses, sheep, and rams.[23] The eastern wall contains two tenant directories and two brass doors, to the north of the elevator hall. The center of the western wall (facing the elevator hall) includes a brass door to the freight loading dock, which is flanked by black-marble panels and topped by a lunette with birds. There is a reception desk in front of this door.[24] The barrel-vaulted ceiling is ornately decorated with circular and octagonal reliefs and medallions.[21]

Intersection of the elevator lobby (left) and arcade (right)

There is a groin vault above the intersection of the arcade and the elevator lobby, with black marble pilasters at each corner.[8] The elevator lobby is about 13 ft (4.0 m) wide, with similar floors to the arcade.[22] Turnstiles are installed in front of the elevator lobby, restricting access to tenants and guests.[24] The shallow barrel-vaulted ceiling contains a grid of rosettes within squares; the north and south edges of the ceiling contain gilded moldings, as well as friezes with peacocks.[8] Below the friezes, the north and south walls contain elevator doors, as well as brass mailboxes resting atop marble sills. There are four elevators to the north and six to the south;[22] their doors are made of brass, with vertically arranged motifs of arches and rosettes. Each set of elevator doors is surrounded by a black-marble frame.[8] The elevator lobby leads east to a double brass door, above which is a gilded lunette panel.[24]

Upper stories

[edit]

Originally, the building contained an apartment hotel on its lower floors and offices on its upper floors.[25][26] The ground and second floors contained stores.[13] There were also apartments on the second through ninth floors, extending about 40 ft (12 m) deep into the building from either side. The apartments on the eighth and ninth stories were double-story duplex units.[26] There were about 56 units in total.[17] Each of the lower stories occupies about 36,000 sq ft (3,300 m2).[16]

The building had 530,000 sq ft (49,000 m2) of rentable space after the apartment hotel was converted to offices.[18] Some of the office tenants redecorated their spaces. Parts of the second through fourth stories were occupied by a Marshall Field's department store, which had its own elevator and staircases.[27] The showroom of fashion firm Warner Brothers Co. contained 12 selling rooms, as well as offices for various departments and a foyer with green-and-peach walls.[28] The foyer of fashion firm Venus Foundations' office contained a blue-and-gray mural, a statue of the Venus de Milo, and a mirrored wall. Venus Foundations' offices also had a Pompeian-themed showroom and private sales offices.[29]

History

[edit]

In the 19th century, the section of Madison Avenue in Murray Hill was largely a residential street inhabited by wealthy families.[11] The Astor family owned eight houses at 200–214 Madison Avenue, on the western sidewalk between 35th and 36th Streets.[30][31] These houses were built around 1870 and were known as "Astor Row"; their residents had included Adrian Iselin and John Edward Parsons.[13] The Astor family also owned ten adjacent lots, five each on 35th and 36th Streets.[31]

Manhattan's Silk District, concentrated around the lower section of Park Avenue South in the 19th century, had moved northward to the intersection of Madison Avenue and 34th Street by the early 1920s.[32] During that time, the upper-class residences that had characterized the adjacent portion of Madison Avenue in the 19th century were being replaced with retail establishments.[33] The Astors supported the area's commercial development, but the financier J. P. Morgan Jr., who lived just northeast of the Astor houses, opposed the changes.[11][34] In 1916, a New York state court invalidated the Murray Hill Restrictive Agreement, an 1847 covenant restricting the development of non-residential buildings on Madison Avenue.[35][36] This prompted Morgan and a local community organization, the Murray Hill Association, to buy land in an effort to prevent commercial developments.[35]

Development

[edit]
View of the building along 35th Street

Most of Midtown Manhattan was rezoned for commercial use as part of the 1916 Zoning Resolution, except for the section of Madison Avenue in Murray Hill.[30] Accordingly, the New York City Board of Estimate initially did not allow William Waldorf Astor to build a commercial building on Madison Avenue between 35th and 36th Streets.[37] Despite Morgan's opposition, Astor still wished to erect the building.[31] Astor had hired the firm of Peabody, Wilson & Brown to design a seven-story commercial building on the site, and he filed plans for the building in December 1917.[35] Though the New York City Board of Standards and Appeals approved the building in May 1918,[38][39] the Board of Estimate reversed the approval almost immediately.[39][40] Astor died in 1919, but the issue remained unresolved for five years afterward.[13] The Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court upheld the Board of Estimate's decision in 1922.[41][42] This was overturned the next year by the state's highest court, the New York Court of Appeals, which ruled that the Astors could indeed develop a commercial building on the site.[43][44]

After the prolonged legal fight, the Board of Estimate voted to allow commercial development on the street in May 1924.[45] The city government's Corporation Counsel affirmed the Board of Estimate's decision the next month.[46] That December, a syndicate composed of Jesse H. Jones, Robert M. Catts, and Dwight P. Robinson & Co. acquired 17 dwellings on the west side of Madison Avenue between 35th and 36th Streets. The syndicate planned to build a 25-story building on the site, designed by Warren and Wetmore, for $11 million.[47][48][49] The syndicate had been planning the structure for several months but did not officially announce the plans until after they had consulted with Morgan.[47][50] Jesse H. Jones, the head of Houston Properties, had been a major real estate developer in the early 20th century, particularly in Houston, Texas.[12][51]

In March 1925, Warren and Wetmore filed plans with the New York City Department of Buildings for a combined apartment hotel and office building on the site.[9][10][25] Catts said the building had been designed to placate Morgan but did not elaborate. However, the building was to be recessed significantly above its ninth story.[9][10] The same month, Stehli Silks leased two stories and a storefront, while Marshall Field and Company signed a lease for four stories.[50][52] The Flintlock Company, which was hired to build the skyscraper, acquired the site that April.[53] During construction, in October 1925, three construction workers died when a scaffold on the ninth story collapsed.[14] The structure was completed in May 1926;[17] it was initially known as the Tower Building,[12] though it was also called the Marshall Field Building and the Astor Estate Building.[7][17]

1920s to 1950s

[edit]
Detail of windows on lower stories

Among the early tenants were Bachmann and Emmerich (which leased two stories shortly after the building opened),[54] as well as Champlain Silk Mills[55] and the Hudson Blue and Photo Print Company.[56] Jesse Jones had an office on the 11th story.[35] International Combustion leased seven floors in the building in August 1926;[57] after the company moved into the building in January 1927, the structure was renamed the International Combustion Building.[58] The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that, with International Combustion's relocation to 200 Madison Avenue and the presence of engineering firms nearby, "the trend of the engineering profession would seem now to be definitively established along Madison Avenue".[58] By the end of the 1920s, other commercial developments had arisen along the surrounding section of Madison Avenue.[59] During the 1930s, the building's tenants included upholstery manufacturers Collins and Aikman,[60] the Gotham Silk Hosiery Company,[61] and the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority.[62] Marshall Field also opened an additional showroom within the building in 1936,[63] and Berkey & Gay Furniture[64] and the American Enka Company also leased storefronts in the building.[65]

The apartment hotel at 200 Madison Avenue was financially unsuccessful and lasted for only a little more than a decade.[13] It closed in 1939, and its lobby on Madison Avenue was connected with the office lobby between 35th and 36th Streets.[35] Soviet trade group Amtorg Trading Corporation subsequently leased the nine stories within the former apartment hotel.[66] This made Amtorg one of the building's largest tenants, behind International Combustion (by then renamed Combustion Engineering), which occupied seven stories and parts of three others.[13] Other large tenants included two Jewish advocacy groups,[67] the Copper Recovery Corporation,[68] the Kitty Kelly Corporation,[69] and the Frank A. Hall & Sons showroom.[70] By 1940, the New York Herald Tribune said there was a "brisk demand for space" at 200 Madison Avenue.[71]

The Continental Bank and Trust Company foreclosed on 200 Madison Avenue in September 1941[13][72] and subsequently acquired the property.[23][73] The Charles F. Noyes Company began managing leases in the building three years later.[16] Amtorg left its offices on 200 Madison Avenue's lowest nine floors in 1950.[74][75] Its space was taken up by firms such as the Simplicity Pattern Company, Aldens Inc., and Combustion Engineering,[16][15] as well as publisher G. P. Putnam's Sons.[76] A group led by Harry Mabel purchased the building in September 1954 from the Madison Avenue–36th Street Corporation. At the time, the building was valued at $6.4 million and had an outstanding mortgage of $8.5 million.[77]

1960s to 1990s

[edit]
Seen from 36th Street

Maurice Urdang & Associates sold 200 Madison Avenue in 1965 to a syndicate that included Harry Helmsley, Lawrence Wien, and George V. Comfort.[23][18] The New York Times reported that the building had been "recently modernized" with new air-conditioning and elevator systems.[18] In the 1960s and 1970s, the building also housed tenants such as the Houston Chemical Corporation,[78] mail-order company Aldens Inc.,[79] Oxford University Press,[80] and Partnership for New York City.[81] Joseph Bernstein and his brother Ralph Bernstein acquired 200 Madison Avenue in November 1983.[82] The acquisition cost $50 million.[83][84] At some point in the 1980s, Helmsley sold his interest in the building's ownership.[85]

In 1986, a United States House of Representatives committee found that the Bernsteins had been working on behalf of Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos,[82][86] who had intended the building and several others as a gift for his wife Imelda.[87][a] The Washington Post reported that in coded cables between the Marcos family and their alleged "front" in Manhattan, Gliceria Tantoco, 200 Madison Avenue was referred to using the code word "Midtown Cement".[84] Around that time, 200 Madison Avenue and three other buildings reportedly owned by the Marcoses were placed for sale.[89] After Marcos was forced out of office, the administration of his successor Corazon Aquino froze Marcos's assets within U.S. banking channels in March 1986.[90][91] As a result, although the building incurred $1 million in taxes for the 1986–1987 fiscal year, the tax bills went unpaid.[92] After a U.S. circuit court ruled to block the sale of the Marcos properties in November 1986, the Aquino administration filed a lawsuit against the Marcos estate to obtain title to the buildings.[93][94]

The Aquino administration attempted in early 1989 to sell the four Marcos properties to Morris Bailey for $398 million.[95][96] That year, federal judge Pierre N. Leval was considering placing the building for sale at a foreclosure auction.[97][98] The foreclosure auction was not scheduled for at least a year.[99] The land under the building was owned by Alexander DiLorenzo III, who was facing financial issues of his own after 87 people died in the Happy Land fire, which had occurred at another property he owned.[100] The deed to the building was conveyed to 200 Madison Associates LP, a Delaware corporation, in 1993.[101] The buyers paid $25 million, half of it in cash.[102] Afterward, George V. Comfort and the Loeb Realty and Development Corporation owned the building's fee, while DiLorenzo owned the land underneath it.[103] By then, the area was a hub for publishing companies. The Berkley Publishing Group occupied 200 Madison Avenue,[104] and Oxford University Press was moving across the street to the B. Altman Building, having occupied 200 Madison Avenue for over two decades.[103] By 1995, the owners of the leasehold had also purchased the land for $16.7 million.[105]

2000s to present

[edit]

By the 21st century, the building's tenants included apparel firm Philips-Van Heusen, clothing company Garan Incorporated, and charitable organization Surdna Foundation.[106] In addition, there were Roche Bobois and Starbucks stores at ground level.[107] In 2016, Jamestown L.P. bought a 49 percent stake in 200 Madison Avenue and 63 Madison Avenue. The purchase price indicated that the buildings were worth a combined $1.15 billion.[108][109]

During the 2020s, the public ground-floor spaces and the amenity areas were renovated for $20 million.[110] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building's lobby as a landmark in November 2021. Although the lobby was not as well known as some of Warren and Wetmore's other designs, such as Grand Central Terminal, it had been preserved in nearly its original condition, except for the connection that had been created between the hotel and office lobbies.[20][19] Fitness brand TMPL opened a gym on the basement and ground floor in 2023.[110][111]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Marcos was also found to have purchased several other New York City buildings; see Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family.[88]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 1.
  2. ^ a b "NYCityMap". NYC.gov. New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  3. ^ "200 Madison Avenue, 10016". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Architecture and Building 1926, p. 81.
  5. ^ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  6. ^ a b c d Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli. p. 590. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1. OCLC 13860977.
  7. ^ a b c "200 Madison Avenue". Emporis. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 6.
  9. ^ a b c "Make Building Plan to Suit J. P. Morgan; Apartments to Face His Home in New 25-Story Structure in Madison Avenue". The New York Times. March 19, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c "J. P. Morgan's Surrender at Last Explained: Real Estate News Plans Filed Yesterday for 26-Story Building on Astor Block on Madison Ave. Show Part Apartments". New York Herald Tribune. March 19, 1925. p. 27. ProQuest 1112902226.
  11. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 8.
  12. ^ a b c "Texas Realty Owner Has Had Success In New York Field: Jesse Jones, Who Controls Houston Properties Corporation, Came Here From Houston Some 2 Years Ago". New York Herald Tribune. June 27, 1926. p. C2. ProQuest 1112585824.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Crane, Frank W. (September 14, 1941). "Murray Hill Foreclosure Recalls Astor's Fight to End Trade Ban: Zoning Restrictions on Madison Ave. Site Were Lifted After His Death, When Estate Sold Property for Present Building". The New York Times. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 105614629.
  14. ^ a b "3 Workmen Die In Madison Av. Scaffold Crash: Collapse Hurls Trio From Ninth Floor of 25-Story Building Being Erected Over Residents' Protest; Fourth Leaps to Safety Grasps Wire as He Starts to Slip and Awaits Rescue; Guilders Cleared of Blame". New York Herald Tribune. October 15, 1925. p. 21. ProQuest 1112930046.
  15. ^ a b "Entire Floors Taken At 200 Madison Ave". The New York Times. October 29, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d "Three Midtown Business Firms Expand Madison Ave. Offices". New York Herald Tribune. October 29, 1950. p. 1C. ProQuest 1325300526.
  17. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 10.
  18. ^ a b c d Fowler, Glenn (June 7, 1965). "News of Realty: Deal on East Side; 200 Madison Ave. Building Acquired by Investors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  19. ^ a b Chang, Sophia (November 10, 2021). "200 Madison Avenue Lobby, Adorned With Peacocks And Lion Heads, Landmarked By City". Gothamist. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  20. ^ a b c Gannon, Devin (September 28, 2021). "One of Manhattan's most ornate office building lobbies is now a NYC landmark". 6sqft. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d Architecture and Building 1926, p. 81; Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 6.
  22. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 12.
  23. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 13.
  24. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, pp. 6–7.
  25. ^ a b "Realty News: Plans Filed For New Madison Avenue Structure: More Garment Firms Take Spacc". Women's Wear. Vol. 30, no. 65. March 19, 1925. pp. 50, 55. ProQuest 1676922080.
  26. ^ a b Architecture and Building 1926, pp. 81–82.
  27. ^ Architecture and Building 1926, p. 82.
  28. ^ "Warner Bros. Modern Newly Redecorated N. Y. Offices Ready: Unique Convertible Booths Utilized - Showroom Spacious and Luxurious". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 75, no. 81. October 23, 1947. p. 43. ProQuest 1627372819.
  29. ^ "Corsets: New Venus Showroom In Smart Setting". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 76, no. 113. June 10, 1948. p. 58. ProQuest 1862269286.
  30. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, pp. 8–9.
  31. ^ a b c "Murray Hill Fight Enters New Phase; W.W. Astor Will Try to Erect Business Building Despite Morgan's Objection". The New York Times. February 24, 1918. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  32. ^ "New Silk Trade Centre Forming at Madison Ave. and 34th Street". The New York Times. November 23, 1924. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103224844.
  33. ^ "Business Changing Madison Avenue; Distinctive Trade and Financial Sections in Area North to Ninety-sixth Street". The New York Times. March 25, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  34. ^ "Morgan and Others Fight to Save Murray Hill; Residents Form a Corporation to Oppose Encroachment of Commercial Structures on a Section for Years Noted as a Closely Restricted Locality of Fine Homes". The New York Times. June 7, 1914. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  35. ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2021, p. 9.
  36. ^ "Murray Hill Loses Restricton Appeal; Appellate Court Rules Against J.P. Morgan and Others on Building Covenant". The New York Times. January 22, 1916. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  37. ^ "Astor Not in Trade Zone; William Waldorf's Madison Avenue Property Restricted to Dwellings". The New York Times. May 5, 1917. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  38. ^ "Astor Wins Fight Over Zoning Rules; Board of Appeals Grants Permission for Business Building on Madison Avenue". The New York Times. May 1, 1918. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  39. ^ a b "Estimate Board Bars Astor Business Block: Reverses Action of Standards and Appeals Board, but Its Authority Is Disputed". New-York Tribune. May 4, 1918. p. 10. ProQuest 575924783.
  40. ^ "Board of Estimate Against Astor Plan; Denies His Petition to Erect a Business Building in Madison Avenue". The New York Times. May 4, 1918. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  41. ^ "Astors Lose Fight Against Murray Hill: Appellate Division Refuses to Allow Business Improvement on Madison Avenue Block Front". New-York Tribune. February 25, 1922. p. 15. ProQuest 576556287.
  42. ^ "Astor Estate Loses in Murray Hill Suit; J.P. Morgan and Other Residents Win Further Point inBusiness Block Fight". The New York Times. February 25, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  43. ^ "Morgan Loses Fight for Murray Hill Residents: Astor Estate May Erect Business Building, Court of Appeals Decider". New-York Tribune. January 18, 1923. p. 1. ProQuest 1221765005.
  44. ^ "Business to Face Old Morgan Home; Court of Appeals Ends Long Suit by Lifting Restrictions on Madison Avenue Plot". The New York Times. January 18, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  45. ^ "Open Way to Trade Near Morgan Home; Madison Avenue, Between 35th and 36th Streets, Is Voted a Business Street". The New York Times. May 10, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  46. ^ "City Backs Astor Against Morgan; Corporation Counsel Rules Madison Avenue Zoning Amendment Is Valid". The New York Times. June 26, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  47. ^ a b "Skyscraper to Face J. P. Morgan's Home; Syndicate Will Erect a 25-Story Business Building on Madison Avenue". The New York Times. December 17, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  48. ^ "Newspaper Specials: Exclusive Dispatches in New York, Chicago, Philadel- phia, Detroit and Boston Papers". Wall Street Journal. December 18, 1924. p. 13. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 130225757.
  49. ^ "25-Story Office Building For Madison Avenue". Women's Wear. Vol. 29, no. 142. December 17, 1924. p. 45. ProQuest 1676842920.
  50. ^ a b "New Quarters For Marshall Field And Stehli Silks: Both Firms Sign Lease In 25-Story Building To Be Erected North Of Altman's On Madison Avenue". Women's Wear. Vol. 30, no. 53. March 5, 1925. p. 2. ProQuest 1677111952.
  51. ^ Fenberg, Steven (2011). Unprecedented Power: Jesse Jones, Capitalism, and the Common Good. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-1-60344-434-7. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021 – via Project MUSE.
  52. ^ "Marshall Field & Co. and Stelhi Silks Company Lease Madison Avenue Space". The New York Times. March 5, 1925. p. 33. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103655797.
  53. ^ "Astor Block Title Passes to Builders; Flintlock Co. Will Erect Monumental Structure on Madison Av. Site". The New York Times. April 29, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  54. ^ "Silks: Bachmann, Emmerich To Take New Space". Women's Wear. Vol. 32, no. 75. March 31, 1926. p. 10. ProQuest 1677004462.
  55. ^ "Clothier to Pay High Rental for Broadway Space: Store and Part of Floor in New Paramount Building Leased for $1,000,000; Importer at 38th Street". New York Herald Tribune. October 3, 1926. p. C1. ProQuest 1112637555.
  56. ^ "Commercial Space Leased: W.L. Brann to Locate in the Madison Avenue Tower Building". The New York Times. October 2, 1926. p. 33. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103741222.
  57. ^ "Large Space Leased In New Building On Madison Ave.: International Combustion Engineering Corp. Takes 80,000 Feet, Comprising 7 Floors; Other Rentals". New York Herald Tribune. August 26, 1926. p. 28. ProQuest 1112983742.
  58. ^ a b "Inter. Combustion in Fine New Home". The Philadelphia Inquirer. January 30, 1927. p. 6. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  59. ^ "Business Changing Madison Avenue; Distinctive Trade and Financial Sections in Area North to Ninety-sixth Street". The New York Times. March 25, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  60. ^ "Larger Madison Av. Quarters Are Leased by Manufacturer". The New York Times. October 25, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  61. ^ "Hosiery Firm Expands; Gotham Silk Co. Rents Madison Av. Floor -- Other Business Leases". The New York Times. September 2, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  62. ^ "Tunnel Authority Rents Space". The New York Times. May 17, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  63. ^ "Marshall Field to Open Fifth Show Room Here: 200 Madison Avenue Site to Start Business Wednesday". New York Herald Tribune. April 11, 1936. p. 22. ProQuest 1250073121.
  64. ^ "Furniture Firm Gets Madison Ave. Space; Grand Rapids Company Leases 30,000 Square Feet in No. 200". The New York Times. December 16, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  65. ^ "American Enka Corp. Moves to Madison Ave.: Will Leave Downtown Location; Stock Firm Moves to Broad St. Building". New York Herald Tribune. December 31, 1928. p. 27. ProQuest 1255571083.
  66. ^ "Soviet Trade Unit to Leave 5th Ave.; Amtorg Leases Nine Floors in the Combustion Building at 210 Madison Avenue". The New York Times. July 12, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  67. ^ "Big Units Rented by Organizations; Two Jewish Welfare Groups Take 17,500 Square Feet in 200 Madison Ave". The New York Times. February 22, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  68. ^ "42,000 Feet Leased in 200 Madison Ave.; Copper Recovery Corporation Takes Entire Floor". The New York Times. June 9, 1942. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  69. ^ "Shoe Firm Expands: Kitty Kelly Corp. Gets 2 Floors in 200 Madison Avenue". The New York Times. August 4, 1943. p. 31. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 106640531.
  70. ^ "Move Showroom to Madison Ave.; Frank A. Hall & Sons Take Part of Floor in Combustion Engineering Building". The New York Times. March 3, 1942. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  71. ^ "Makes Analysis Of Forgiveness Of Indebtment': Controller of Harmon Co. Clarifies the Voluntary Adjustment of Principal New York Home of Many Important Concerns". New York Herald Tribune. April 28, 1940. p. C6. ProQuest 1243081118.
  72. ^ "Jacob Sincoff Acquires 46-Acre Danbury Estate". New York Herald Tribune. September 14, 1941. p. C11. ProQuest 1284438083.
  73. ^ "Big Midtown Building Is Sold in Foreclosure". New York Herald Tribune. September 24, 1941. p. 36. ProQuest 1263469194.
  74. ^ "Amtorg Rents Smaller Quarters, Ships Files to Russian Embassy; Soviet Purchasing Agency Moving From 9 Floors on Madison Ave. to 1 on West 37th St. as Business Shrinks Trade With U.S. Has Shrunk". The New York Times. July 7, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  75. ^ "Amtorg Taking Smaller Office; Business Is Off: Soviet Agency's War-Time Staff of 700 Is Now 30; Trade Drops 92 Million". New York Herald Tribune. July 7, 1950. p. 8. ProQuest 1327269192.
  76. ^ "Publishers Lease Madison Ave. Space". The New York Times. December 28, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  77. ^ "200 Madison Av. Acquired By Harry Mabel Syndicate". New York Herald Tribune. September 28, 1954. p. 33. ProQuest 1318513917.
  78. ^ "Floor Lease Is Taken; Chemical Concern Gets Space at 200 Madison Ave". The New York Times. June 28, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  79. ^ "Floor Is Leased at 200 Madison; Aldens of Chicago to Occupy 29,000 Square Feet". The New York Times. February 16, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  80. ^ Fowler, Glenn (December 27, 1965). "News of Realty: Lease by Oxford; University Press Is Going to Madison Ave. Building". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  81. ^ Gray, Christopher (April 23, 1989). "Streetscapes: The Chamber of Commerce Building; New Owner for a 1902 Landmark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  82. ^ a b "Lawyer: Marcos Ownership Implied". Newsday. January 24, 1986. p. 16. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  83. ^ Manapat, Ricardo (1991). Some are smarter than others: the history of Marcos' crony capitalism. Aletheia Publications. ISBN 978-9719128700. OCLC 28428684.
  84. ^ a b Russakoff, Dale (March 30, 1986). "The Philippines: Anatomy of a Looting". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  85. ^ Grant, Peter (September 4, 1990). "After Leona: A Bleak Helmsley-Spear Future". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 5, no. 36. p. 1. ProQuest 219127916.
  86. ^ Gerth, Jeff (January 16, 1986). "U.S. Panel Links a Banker to Marcos". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  87. ^ Gerth, Jeff (January 30, 1986). "4 New York Buildings Called Marcos Gifts to Wife". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  88. ^ Perlez, Jane (March 6, 1986). "Manila Under Aquino: Lawyers Joust in Manhattan; Manila Wins Round with Marcos in New York Court". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  89. ^ Gerth, Jeff (February 22, 1986). "4 New York Buildings Linked to Marcos Up for Sale". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  90. ^ Rosenfeld, Neill S. (March 4, 1986). "Marcos' NY Properties Frozen By State Court at Aquino Behest". Newsday. p. 5. ISSN 2574-5298. ProQuest 285295278.
  91. ^ Pace, Eric (March 4, 1986). "Marcos Holdings Frozen by Judge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  92. ^ "Court Widens Discrimination Ban". Newsday. May 19, 1987. pp. 9, 27. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  93. ^ "Manila Seeks Possession of 4 Manhattan Buildings". The New York Times. December 30, 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  94. ^ "Manila Sues for Title to Marcos' N.Y. Properties". Los Angeles Times. December 30, 1986. p. 5. ProQuest 292531084.
  95. ^ Grant, Peter (May 1, 1989). "New Twists in Battle for Marcos' Spoils". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 5, no. 18. p. 23. ProQuest 219147299.
  96. ^ Barsky, Neil (February 22, 1989). "Philippines Sets Sale of Buildings Marcos Owned". Wall Street Journal. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398089675.
  97. ^ "Marcos Holdings Shedding Web of Intrigue". The New York Times. August 20, 1989. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  98. ^ Selvin, Barbara (October 12, 1989). "Bankruptcy in Curacao Muddles Marcos Parcels". Newsday. p. 57. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
  99. ^ Dunlap, David W. (December 21, 1990). "Partnership Ends Feud Over Marcos Property". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  100. ^ Grant, Peter (September 3, 1990). "DiLorenzo's Empire on Skids". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 6, no. 36. p. 1. ProQuest 219122539.
  101. ^ "Deed; Grantor: Ba Properties Inc; Grantee: 200 Madison Associates LP". New York City Department of Finance; Office of the City Register. June 15, 1993. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  102. ^ Deutsch, Claudia H. (January 30, 1994). "Commercial Property: Purchasing Rather Than Renting; A Belief in Recovery Jogs Both Buyers and Banks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  103. ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (January 2, 1994). "The B. Altman Building Goes Bookish". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  104. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (July 11, 1993). "Commercial Property: The Flatiron Building; Charm and Favorable Rents Nail Publishers Down". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  105. ^ Slatin, Peter (July 16, 1995). "When It Can Pay to Own the Ground Underneath: There are advantages to controlling both buildings and land". The New York Times. p. R11. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 109530704.
  106. ^ "200 Madison Avenue | TRD Research". TRD Research | Published by The Real Deal. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  107. ^ "George Comfort & Sons welcomes Spectorgroup to 200 Madison Avenue". Real Estate Weekly. February 19, 2022. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  108. ^ Grant, Peter (February 8, 2016). "Manhattan Midtown South Office Towers Attract Big Investment". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  109. ^ "Jamestown buys 49% stake in 63 Madison, 200 Madison". The Real Deal New York. February 8, 2016. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  110. ^ a b Walter-Warner, Holden (December 15, 2023). "Garage Parks Atop Manhattan's Largest Retail Leases of 2023". The Real Deal. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  111. ^ "Fitness Brand TMPL to Establish Midtown Manhattan Flagship at 200 Madison Ave". Connect CRE. March 7, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2024.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=200_Madison_Avenue&oldid=1242370237"