2-Thiouracil

2-Thiouracil
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 2-Sulfanylidene-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-one
Identifiers
CAS Number	141-90-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:348530 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL345768 ;
ChemSpider	1066108 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.008
KEGG	C19304 ;
MeSH	Thiouracil
PubChem CID	1269845;
UNII	59X161SCYL ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4021347 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H4N2OS/c7-3-1-2-5-4(8)6-3/h1-2H,(H2,5,6,7,8) Key: ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C4H4N2OS/c7-3-1-2-5-4(8)6-3/h1-2H,(H2,5,6,7,8) Key: ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYAK;
	SMILES O=C1C=CNC(=S)N1;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H4N2OS
Molar mass	128.15 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

2-Thiouracil is a chemical derivative of uracil in which the oxygen atom in the 2-position of the ring is substituted by sulfur.

Medical use

The substance is a historically relevant anti-thyroid preparation. Edwin Astwood used it in 1943 as therapy for Graves' disease for the first time.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Thiouracil inhibits thyroid activity by blocking the enzyme thyroid peroxidase.^[4] Its use in recent times has been replaced by advent of more potent and safer antithyroid drugs. It occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs.^[5]

References

^ Astwood, E. B. (1984). "Landmark article May 8, 1943: Treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil. By E.B. Astwood". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 251 (13): 1743–1746. doi:10.1001/jama.251.13.1743. PMID 6422063.
^ Burch, Henry B.; Cooper, David S. (2018). "Antithyroid drug therapy: 70 years later". European Journal of Endocrinology. 179 (5): R261–R274. doi:10.1530/EJE-18-0678. PMID 30320502.
^ Gerabek, W. (2005). Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. Walter de Gruyter. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-11-015714-7.
^ Nagasaka, A.; Hidaka, H. (1976). "Effect of Antithyroid Agents 6-Propyl-2-Thiouracil and l-Methyl-2-Mercaptoimidazole on Human Thyroid Iodide Peroxidase". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 43 (1): 152–8. doi:10.1210/jcem-43-1-152. PMID 947933.
^ "2-Thiouracil".

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[1] Astwood, E. B. (1984). "Landmark article May 8, 1943: Treatment of hyperthyroidism with thiourea and thiouracil. By E.B. Astwood". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 251 (13): 1743–1746. doi:10.1001/jama.251.13.1743. PMID 6422063.

[2] Burch, Henry B.; Cooper, David S. (2018). "Antithyroid drug therapy: 70 years later". European Journal of Endocrinology. 179 (5): R261–R274. doi:10.1530/EJE-18-0678. PMID 30320502.

[q1-3] Gerabek, W. (2005). Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. Walter de Gruyter. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-11-015714-7.

[4] Nagasaka, A.; Hidaka, H. (1976). "Effect of Antithyroid Agents 6-Propyl-2-Thiouracil and l-Methyl-2-Mercaptoimidazole on Human Thyroid Iodide Peroxidase". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 43 (1): 152–8. doi:10.1210/jcem-43-1-152. PMID 947933.

[5] "2-Thiouracil".

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